Home
Back
Contents Türkic languages

Classification of Türkic languages
Datelines
Sources
Roots
Tamgas
Alphabet
Writing
Language
Genetics
Geography
Archeology
Religion
Coins
Wikipedia
N. Kisamov Turkic substrate in English
G. Ekholm Germananic Ethnology
C. Stevens Grm.-Türkic traits
A. Toth German Lexicon
A. Toth Türkic and English
R. Mc Callister Non-IE in Gmc. languages
Türkic borrowings in English
Türkic in Romance
Alans in Pyrenees
Türkic in Greek
Türkic-Sumerian
Türkic-Etruscan
Alan Dateline
Avar Dateline
Besenyo Dateline
Bulgar Dateline
Huns Dateline
Karluk Dateline
Kimak Dateline
Kipchak Dateline
Khazar Dateline
Kyrgyz Dateline
Sabir Dateline
Seyanto Dateline
 Türkic languages
 

Sir Gerard Clauson (1891–1974)
An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish
Oxford аt the Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Ely House, Glasgow, New York, Toronto, 1972
SDM - YĞĞ

Attention! This is substantially corrected and annotated
interim extract file
replacing the copy of prior posting
The “Full” ASCII file is continually updated

 

Posting Introduction

Posting Introduction see the Preface page
PDF and ASCII Files • PDF и ASCII Файлы
Sir Gerard Clauson An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish
Preface Abbreviations Suffixes A - EGE EGE - ARD ARD - BDD BDĞ - CCĞ CD - DLM DLS - ĞDĞ ĞDL - GCY GDE - SDĞ SDM - YĞĞ YĞL - ZR Full
Pp i - xxxi Pp xxxiii - xxxviii Pp xl - xlviii Pp 1-100 Pp 101-200 Pp 201-300 Pp 301-400 Pp 401-500 Pp 501-600 Pp 601-700 Pp 701-800 Pp 801-900 Pp 901-988 Pp 1-988
1 M 1 M 1M 7M 8M 8M 8M 8M 8M 8M 8M 8M 7M
7M
INDEX
PREFACE Pp i - xxxi  v
ABBREVIATIONS, SHORT TITLES, ETC. Pp xxxiii - xxxviii xxxii
SUFFIXES Pp xl - xlviii xl
Mon. A Ä E I O Ö U Ü Pp 1-100; 101-200; 201-300 1
INITIAL LABIAL PLOSIVES B P V F W 201-300; 301-400 291
INITIAL DENTIPALATAL AFFRICATE C Č J 301-400; 401-500 393
INITIAL DENTAL PLOSIVES D T 401-500; 501-600 433
INITIAL VELAR PLOSIVE Ğ K X 501-600; 601-700 578
INITIAL VELAR POST-PALATAL PLOSIVES G K H 601-700; 701-800 686
L 701-800 763
M 701-800 765
N Ŋ Ñ 701-800 774
R 701-800 780
S 701-800; 801-900 781
Š Ș 801-900 866
Y 801-900; 901-988 869
Z 901-988 982
Sir Gerard Clauson
An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish
ASCII text pages 301 - 400
SDM - YĞĞ

801

Tris. SDĞ

D satığčı: (merchant, salesman) N.Ag. fr. satığ (selling, trade, commerce, sale price); ‘merchant, salesman’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic changes. Cf. satğu:čı:. Türkü vııı ff. satığčı: er Toyok IV r. 3 (ETYII180): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. PP 22, 8 ff. (eren); satığčı ‘merchant’ is common in Kuan. 43, etc.: Civ. Kısak satığčıka ‘to Kisak, the merchant’ USp. 72, 67: Xak. xı KB Chap. 58 (44*9 ff ) lays down rules for dealing with satığčı ‘merchants’: xıv Muh. al-bayi ‘merchant’ šartıčı: Mel. 56, 14; sa:tığčı: Rif. 154: Čağ. xv ff. satığčı dalel wa dast-furüš ‘auctioneer, retailer’, who keeps goods on hand and sells them San. 229V. 23 (quotn.): Kom. xıv ‘merchant’ satuğčı CCI; Gr.\ Kip. xııı al-bayya sa.tıčı: Hou. 24, 1.

D satğu:č:ı (seller) Dev. N./Ag. fr. sat- (sell); 'a seller’, a rather more limited term than satığčı:; n.o.a.b.; all modem words go back to satığčı:. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if we have been hunters, butchers or) it etin satğuči ‘sellers of dog meat’ TT IV 8, 58-9; U II 84, 11: Čağ. xv ff. satğučı 'umûmfurüšanda ‘a general term for seller’ San. 229V. 25.

D satığlığ (priced) P.N./A. fr. satığ (selling, trade, commerce, sale price); apparently ‘having a (high) price (set on it)’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. burxanlarnig ağır satığlığ nomın nomlayurmen ‘I preach the highly priced (i.e. precious) doctrine of the Buddhas’ U III 47, 26.

D satığlık (for sale) A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. satığ (selling, trade, commerce, sale price); survives in SW Osm. satılık ‘something for sale’ (horse, house, etc.). Xak. xı satığlık ne:g šay’ mu'add li'l-bay ‘something destined for sale’ Kaš. I 503: Kip. xv main' ‘for sale’ safilik Tuh. 35b. 3.

D satığsız (priceless) Priv. N./A. fr. satığ (selling, trade, commerce, sale price); ‘priceless’, in the sense of ‘beyond price’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (persons who search for gold, silver, pearls, and) satığsız ertiniler ‘priceless jewels’ Kuan. 19; a.o. do. 157 (kötıdegü:).

Tris. V. SDĞ-

D satığla:- (trade) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. satığ (selling, trade, commerce, sale price). Xak. xı ol anıg birle: satığla:dı: beya'a ma'ahu mina’l-bay' ‘he traded with him’; the more correct form (al-ašahlı) is satığlašdı: but both words are used’ Kaš. III 336 (satığla:r, satiğla:ma:k).

D satığlaš- See satığla:- (trade).

D satığsa:- (selling, trade, commerce, sale price) Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. V. fr. satığ (selling, trade, commerce, sale price). Xak. xı er atın satığsa:dı: ‘the man was on the point of selling (>’aii*) his horse, and \\\ wished to do so’ Kaš. III 333 (satığsa:r, satığsa:ma:k; verse).

Dis. SDG

D sidük (urine) Pass. Dev. N. fr. si:d-; ‘urine’. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as sidik, but in NC Kır.: SC Uzb. SW Tkm. siydik. These forms are irregular, since sidük should become siytik/siyik and suggest that besides sidük there was another form *sidtük, with the Suff. -tük, which is of the nature of a Past Pass. Participle. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. teve südükin alıp ‘take camel’s urine and...’ H I 54; böri mayakı ud si (dü)ki birle ‘wolf’s dung and ox’s urine’ do. 102: Xak. xı sidük (MS. sidük) al-bawl acma' ‘urine’, in general Kaš. I 389; (in a grammatical section) one says sidti: bela and thence al-bawl is called sidük (sic) III 321, 5: xıv Muh. al*bawl si:dük Mel. 48, 1; si:tük Rif. 142: Kom. xıv ‘urine’ sidik/siy CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-bawl si:dik (or siydik?) Hou. 21, 19: xıv sltük al-bawl; sidük al-bawl, also sitük Id. 51: xv al-bawl sidik Tuh. 7a. 7; a.o. 83b. 9: Osm. xıv sidük/sidik both noted TTS II 824; IV 692.

Dis. V. SDG-

D sü:tger- (liquid yogurt) Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr. sü:t. Xak. xı yuğrut sü:tgerdi: ‘the yoğurt oozed (yağtuŋ until it became like milk in liquidity’ (fi riqqatihŋ Kaš. II 189 (sütgire:r, sütgirme:k, sic).

Dis. V. SDL-

D satıl- (sold) Pass. f. of sat- (sell); s.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. xı tava:r satıldı: bVati'l-siVa ‘the commodity was sold’ Kaš. II 121 (satılur, satilma:k) Čağ. xv ff. satıl- furiixta šudan ‘to be sold’ San. 229r. 7: Xwar. xııı šatıl- ditto 'Ali 33: Kip. xııı (in a list of names for slaves) satılmıš mabyu ‘sold’ Hou. 30, 4: xıv satılmıš (MS. šatahmš) a Proper Name Čalam) derived fr. the Pass. Participle meaning al-mabı Id. 58.

?E satlan- See šatlan-. (bravery)

Tris. V. SDL-

D satu:la:- (šatu:la:-, čatu:la:-) (chatter) Den. V. fr. *satu:; there is no trace of any cognate word, but its form is reasonably well established. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol telim satu:la:di: takallama bi-kalam kattr la manfa'a fihi ‘he said a great many things of no value’ Kaš. III 323 (satu:la:r, satu:la:ma:k); sa:tu:layu: (sic) sayrašıp tatlığ ü:nin kuš üne:r ‘a bird rises singing volubly with a sweet note’ III 194, 16.

Dis. SDM

PU?E satma: (grafted, fastened) Hap. leg.; a Pass. Dev. N.; there is obviously no connection w. sat- (sell), but a Dev. N. fr. sap- (repair, graft, inoculate, thread (a needle)), in the sense of ‘something grafted or fastened on’ would suit the meaning. Xak. xı satma: al- 'irzel, that is ‘a small platform (raff) which a night-watchman (air -netüŋ fastens in a tree to sit on at night’ Kaš. I 433.
802

Dis. SDN

?F satun (garlic); perhaps a l.-w.; n.o.a.b. Cf. sarumsak (garlic). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (for a chronic catarrh) soğun sakalı satun sakalı birle sokup ‘pound onion rootlets (lit. ‘beard’) and garlic rootlets together and...' H I 144-5; o.o. do. 176 (yanč-); II 12, ior: xiv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. suan ‘garlic’ (Giles 10,381) satun R IV 380, 388 (sadun); Ligeti 193.

Dis. V. SDN-

D satin- (sell) Refl. f. of sat- (sell); s.i.s.m.l. usually for ‘to sell for oneself’. Xak. xı er atın satmdi: ‘the man pretended to sell (yabi') his horse’ Kaš. II 150 (satinutr, satinma:k).

Dis. SDR

sa:tir (rootless, kinless, traveling trader) (satir) Hap. leg. Xak. xı sa:tir a term of abuse (sabb) meaning ‘you without a pedigree’ (man İe ašI lahu) Kaš. I 406.

F sıtır (stater (coin)) l.-w. fr. Sogdian st'yr, which is itself a l.-w. fr. Greek stater ‘a silver coin’. Common in USp. and Fam. Arch, as a unit of currency, occasionally as a unit of weight. The Dat. sitirka gives the quality of the vowels. Study of the documents shows that there were three units of currency, the bakır ‘copper’ representing the Chinese ch'ien ‘copper cash’ (Giles 1,736) of which ten were equal to a sıtır, the sıtır, and the yastuk equal to fifty sıtır. As units of weight the bakır w>as a Chinese ‘mace’ or one-tenth of an ounce, and the sıtır the Chinese hang ‘ounce’ (Giles 7,010). These words are discussed in F. W. K. Müller, ‘Uigurische Glossen’, p. 319, Festschrift fur Friedrich Hirth, Berlin, 1920. L.-w. in Mong. as šicir ‘refined gold, gold leaf’ (Kow. 1508). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. USp. 18, 3 (bakıŋ, etc. — iič sıtır tamğa kümüš do. 64, 18 seems to mean ‘three sıtır in (minted) coin’ — 1 sıtır it siitin ‘one ounce of dog’s milk’ HI 62: xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. liang ‘ounce’ sitır R IV 720 (sidir, mistranslated), Ligeti 195.

D sedrek (rare, scarce, sparse) N./A.S. fr. sedre:- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter). Survives in NC Kır. seyrek (1) ‘rare, scarce’; (2) (of forests, crops, etc.) ‘sparse’; Kzx. sirekrare’: NW Kk., Kumyk, Nog. siyrek; Kaz. si:rekrare; sparse; loosely woven’: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. seyrek ditto. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit chidribhüta ‘having become gappy or perforated’ se:dre:k (-?-) bolmıšlarr TT VIII A.40: Xak. xı sedrek bö:z ‘loosely woven (al-muhalhalu’ l-nasc) cotton fabric’; sedrek kapuğ al-sancüra, that is ‘a lattice work (tnušabbak) door’ Kaš. I 477; konak bašı: sedreki yeg ‘a head of millet is best when it has few seeds’ (kena qaltla'l-habb) I 384, 12: Čağ. xv ff. seyrek mutaxalxil wa kam mucimm iva raqiq ‘dispersed, sparsely filled, thin’; in Pe. tanuk San. 238r. 23: Kom. xıv ‘scattered, scanty’ seyrek CCI; Gr.

*sedrem See seyrem. (sparse, scattered, shallow, scanty)

D sıdrım (strip, slat, strap) N.S.A. fr. sidir- (strip, peel, scrape); lit. ‘a single strip’. Survives in SW Osm. sırım ‘strap’. Cf. kadıš, yarındak. Oğuz xı sıdrım (MS. sıdrım) 'a strap’ (al-qidd); and one says sıdrım (ditto) ıšliğ er ‘a man who performs a task (ya'malu'l-amal) and leaves no part of it for anyone else’ Kaš. I 485; a.o. I 517 (sidir-, not described as Oğuz): Kip. xıv sırım al-sayr mina'l-culiid ‘a leather strap’ Id. 52: šı:rım ‘a white (abyad) strap’; see sırım do. 57.

Dis. V. SDR-

D sa:tur- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think) Caus. f. of sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol agar ko:y sa:turdı: a’addahu’l-ğanam ‘he ordered him to count the sheep’ (etc.) Kaš. III 186 (sa:turur, sa:turma:k); a.o. III 192, 11.

D sattur- (sell) Caus. f. of sat- (sell); s.i.m.m.l.g. as sattur-/sattir-. Xak. xı ol meniŋ tava:nğ satturdi: aba a matai ‘he ordered that my goods should be sold’ Kaš. II 183 (satturur, satturma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sattur-. Caus. f.; furûšendan ‘to order to sell’ San. 229r. 8: Kip. xv the Caus. f. of ša:f-, baa, is šahtır-; it should be šaddır- but the -d- has been assimilated Kav. 68, 15.

?D sıdır- (strip, peel, scrape) (strip) ‘to strip, peel, scrape’, and the like; perhaps Caus. f. of *sıd- (strip, peel, scrape), see sıdığ (gap, slit, robe skirt). S.i.a.m.l.g. except SE (?), usually as sıyır-, but sızır- in some NE languages, sidir- in SC Uzb. and SW Tkm. sı:r-. Cf. soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter). Xak. xı bu er ol sıdrım sıdırğa:n 'this man is constantly making straps’ (al-qidd) and cutting them in strips (yaqudduhu) from a hide and stripping (yaqšuŋ the hair from them; also used of anyone whose nature it is to strip (or peel) things (man kena ff tab’ihi qašru'l-šay') I 517; n.m.e.: (xiv Muh. see sidrıl-).

D sı:tur- (break, destroy) (scatter, shatter) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sı:- (break, destroy). Xak. xı ol otuo sı:turdı: aksara'l-hafab ‘he had the firewood (etc.) broken up’ Kaš. III 187 (si:turur, si:turma:k).

S sittür- See si:dtür-. (urinate, defile)

S sottur- See so:dtur-. (spit)

sedre:- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter) survives only (?) in NC xix (? not xx) Kzx. sire- ‘to be planted at wide intervals’. Xak. xı kiši: sedre:di: (MS. sedredi, but in all other V.s in the section the second vowel is long) xaffat zahmatu'1-nes ‘the crowd of people dispersed’ (or was scattered); and one says to:n sedre:di: (ditto) ‘the garment was losely woven and worn thin’ (tahalhala ua’near ana, MS. ’ncara’ana) Kaš. III 277 (sedre:r, sedre:me:k); a.o. III 167 (olğun).

D sedret- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sedre:- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter) Xak. xı ol to:nuğ sedretti: ‘he wove the garment loosely’ (halhala); and one says ol kiši:ni: sedretti: ‘he dispersed (qallala) the crowd of people’; also used for dispersing and, scattering (axaffa) a crowd of anything Kaš. II 332 (sedretü:r, sedretme:k; MS. twice sedret-).

D sıdrıl- (stripped, peeled, scraped) Pass. f. of sidir- (strip, peel, scrape); s.i.s.m.l. with the same phonetic changes; in some, e.g. SW Osm., as well as having its usually Pass. \803\ meaning ‘to be stripped, scraped’, etc., it is used as an Intrans. V. meaning ‘to slip, slip away’, and the like. Xak. xı balık eligdin sıdrıldı: ‘the fish slipped (tazallaqa) out of the hand’; also used of anything slippery (zallaq) that escapes (tamallaša) from the hand (etc.); and one says yo:l' sıdrıldı: ‘the road was scrutinized (nufirafi'l-tariq) at every corner’; and one says er ta:mdın sıdrıldı: ‘the man slipped off the wall’ (etc.) Kaš. II 231 (sıdrı-lu:r, 8idrilma:k): xıv Muh. zaliqa ‘to slip’ šırıl- Mel. 26, 15; Rif. no (MS. šır- in error); al-zalaq šırılmak 36, 7; 122: Kip. xıv šırıl- inzala'a (zalaa has no relevant meaning, and inzala'a is not noted in the dicts.; no doubt an error for inzalaqa ‘to slip away’); one says 8irıldı: ara: yarden ‘he slipped away from the place’ Id. 52.
803

D sedreš- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sedre:- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter). Xak. xı to:n sedrešdı: ‘the garment lost its roughness (taxana) and became less thick’ (qalla katefatuhu); one also says bodu:n sedrešdi: ‘the crowd of people dispersed’ (1qalla); also used of anything when it disperses (xaffa wa qalla) and scatters (taxalxa-la) after being closely packed Kaš. II 211 (sedrešu:r, sedrešme:k).

D sıdrıš- (strip, peel, scrape) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sidir- (strip, peel, scrape). Xak. xı ol agar ka:r sıdrıšdı: ‘he helped him to sweep off the snow and shovel it up’ (fi kashi’l-talc wa carfihŋ; also of other things. Kaš. II 211 (sıdrıšu:r, sıdrıšma.k; MS. sıdnš-).

Tris. SDR-

D sıdırğa:k (stripper, peeler, scraper) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. connoting habitual action fr. sidir- (strip, peel, scrape); lit, ‘constantly scraping (the ground)’. Xak. xı sıdırğa:k (MS. sıdırğa:k) al-zilf ‘a cloven hoof’ Kaš. I 502.

Dis. V. SDS-

D satsa:- (sell, desire (obtain, be suited)) (satiusfy) Hap, leg.; Desid. f. of sat- (sell). Xak, xı ol atın. satsa:di: ‘he wished to sell (bay) his horse’ (etc.) Kaš. III 284 (satsa:r, satsa:ma:k; MS. in error satisa:-).

Dis. V. SDŠ-

D satıš- (trade, sell. competing) Recip. f. of sat- (sell); s.i.s.m.l., usually Tor ‘to sell to one another, to trade’. Xak. xı ol maya: tava:r satıšdı: ‘he helped me to sell (fi bay') goods’; also used for competing Kaš. II 89 (satıšu:r, satıšma:k); a.o. I 518 (alıš-): Čağ. xv ff. satıš- Recip. f.; ‘to sell (furiixtan) to one another’ San. 22gr. 7: Kip. xv tabeya'a ‘to sell to one another’ satıš- Tuh. 10b. 8.

Mon. SĞ

1 sa:ğ (? sağ, šağ) (pure, sound, healthy, right) in the earliest period only in the phr. sa:ğ ya:ğpure (i.e. clarified) butter’; thence more generally ‘sound, healthy’ and, by a curious metaph., ‘right’ (not ‘left’) in the Oğuz group only; cf. (right (not left)). S.i.a.m.l.g. with some phonetic changes sağ, sax, sav, saw, so:, su:. The Tkm. form, sağ, suggests that this is one. of Kaš.'s false long vowels, cf. 1 baš. \\\ See Doerfer III 1047. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sağ yağ TM IV 252, 22: Civ. sağ yağ H I 145: Xak. xı sa:ğ ya:ğ al-samn ‘clarified butter’; sa:ğ kögül al-qalbu’l-ma xııı ümu'l-naqi ‘a cleansed, pure mind’ Kaš. III 154; a.o. III 159 (ya:ğ): xın (?) At. (if a man thinks before he speaks) sözi söz sağı ‘his words are sound words’; Tef. sağ (1) ‘healthy’; (2) ‘right (not left)’ 258: xıv Muh. (in Adv.'s of Place) yamin ‘rightša:ğ Mel. 14, 10; sa:ğ el Rif. 90; ‘the right hand’ ša:ğ e:lin 47, 9; (sa.ğa:) 125; me' fayyib ‘good water’ sa:ğ su: 76, 16; 180: Čağ. xv ff. sağ (1) hušyer ‘sober’; (2) jahih toa tandurust ‘healthy’; (3) ‘sobriety, good health’; (4) faraf-i rast ‘the right side’ San. 232r. 24: Oğuz xı 8a:ğ al-šihha wa’l-salama ‘good health’; hence one says yi:niŋ sa:ğ mu: ‘is your body healthy?’; 8a:ğ su:v al-me'u'l--qarahu'l- a4b ‘pure, palatable water’; sa:ğ elig ‘the right hand’; all these phrases rfre Oğuz; the Turks do not know them Kaš. III 154: Xwar. xıv sa:ğright’ Qutb 151; sağ yağ Nahc. 25, 1: Kom. xıv ‘to be wellsav bol-; ‘on the right side’ sa kolunda CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-samn sa: ya:ğ Hou. 16, 8; muta'afi ‘cured’ toa huwa'l-sahih (opposite to ‘ill’ sökel) ša:ğ do. 26, e: xıv (Tkm.) šağ al-šahih; one says Sancar šağ dur ‘Sancar is well and in good health’; šağ el ‘the right hand’; one says šağ elin bile: ye: ‘eat with the right hand’; and in Kip. oŋ elin bile: ye:; šağ yağ al-samn İd. 58; al-samn šayağ (butter (cow)) Bul. 8, 6; (in Advs. of Place) yamin ša:ğda: do. 14, 5: xv al-muefe mina l-marad ‘cured of a disease’ ša:ğdır Kav. 60, 5; feba ‘to be well’, etc. saw bol- Tuh. 24a. 3: Osm. xıv sağ ‘healthy, sound; honest, upright’; and once, xv, ‘pure’; c.i.a.p.; sayağı/sayyağı (for sa:ğ ya:ğ) noted down to xvıı TTS I 586, 606; II 776, 801; III 584, 506; IV 648, 669.

2 sa:ğ (stick, rod) Hap. leg.; perhaps a l.-w. Xak. xı sa:ğ the word for ‘the sticks with which wool is processed’ (qudban yunfaš bihe'l-fûf) Kaš. III 154.

D 3 sa:ğ (sagacity, intelligence, intellect, mind) Dev. N. fr. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); n.o.a.b., but see sa:ğlığ (counted). Oğuz xı sa:ğ al-aql ‘the intellect’; sa:g al-fitna tva'1-dake ‘intelligence, sagacity’; hence one says sende: sa:ğ yo:k ‘you have no intelligence’ Kaš. III 153.

D 4 sa:ğ (butter (cow)) sa:ğ ya:ğ

D 5 sa:ğ (stick (spinning wool)) (OTD p. 480, два прута, служащие для трепания шерсти

sak (awake, alert)awake, alert’, and the like. S.i.s.m.l. in NE, NC, NW. Cf. sakčı: Xak. xı sak sak an Exclamation (harf) used by a sentry (al-harts) in the army when he tells people to keep awake (al-tayaqquz) to protect castles, forts, or horses from the enemy; one says sak sak ‘be wakeful’ (ayqaz); hence ‘an intelligent, wide awake man’ (al-fatinu l-mutayyaqiz) is called sak er Kaš. I 333: KB sak bašıgnı y^ytir ‘look out (be alert) or it will bite your head off’ 164; bu beglik išiŋe takı sak kerek ‘a man must be alert in the position of beg’ 439 (prob. spurious) ; a.o. 1452 (oduğ). (Hittite sek(ah)hi ‘to know’)

sığ/sık Preliminary note. There is no clear evidence of the existence of any early word pronounced sı:ğ, but some medieval and modern \804\ forms of 'shallow, scanty’ suggest that this may have been the original, or an alternative, form of 1 si:k (shallow, scanty). In addition to the words listed below there is a presumably old word sık, 'tight, dense’, and the like, homophonous w. sık- (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress), which is first noted in Kom. and survives in NW Nog.: SW Az. (six); Osm.; Tkm.
804

1 sı:k (? sı:ğ) (shallow, scanty)shallow, scanty’, and the like. Survives in SW Osm. sığshallow’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. uluğ suvka kirser ölimegey sıkka tegip üngey ‘if he enters great waters (i.e. goes to sea?) he will not get wet, but will reach shallow (water) and get out’ Kuan. 17; odğurak kılğalı sıkığ terigig ‘he must confidently expound the shallow and the deep’ Hüen-ts. 2084: Oğuz xı si:k al-qaltl ‘few, scanty’; hence one says ola:rda: ko:y si:k ol ‘they have (only) a few sheep’ Kaš. III 130: Kip. xııı (al-'amiq ‘deep’ terin) and the opposite (dadd) of ‘deep’ is sı:, Tkm. sık Hou. 7, 1.

?F 2 sık (? sığ) (stalk, stem) Hap. leg.; the likeliest meaning is ‘stalk’ or the like; prob. a Chinese l.-w. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (if a woman suffers from painful and swollen breasts, she should rub on a mixture which is described; if the woman subsequently (?) suffers in this way) kentir siknı üč ögi kesip ‘cut a stalk (?) of hemp into three pieces’ (boil them in wine and water, mix the decoction with cow’s butter and rub it on) HI 122.

?E 3 sık See šık.(stone (measure, 2 bushels))

1 su:k (greed, greedy; envy, envious, covetous, poking, thrusting (finger), index finger) ‘‘greed, greedy; envy, envious, covetous’. Kaš.'s explanation of su:k in su:k erge:k as the same word used metaph. is possible but improbable; it is more likely to mean ‘poking, thrusting’, and the like, homophonous w. suk-. For ‘index finger’ it survives only (?) in NC Kzx. suk kol; in the other meanings it survives in SE Türki Shaw 125 (only); NC Kır.: SC Uzb.: NW Kk., Nog. Türkü vııı ff. Man. todunčsuz uvutsuz suk yek üčün ‘because of the insatiable, shameless demon of greed’ Chuas. 252-3, 302-3, 310-11: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A. az uvutsuz suk yek ‘the demon of lust and shameless greed’ M III 29, 8 (ii); a.o. do. n (in: Bud. suk ergek U II 46, 71-2 (eg-): Xak. xı su:k er ‘a greedy, covetous (al-tami'u'1-caši') man’; su:k erge:k al-muhallila mina'1-ašebi' ‘the index finger’; it means ‘the greedy’ (al-haris) because it appears first in taking food Kaš. III 130: KB (I do not like a man) suk erse kılınčı ‘if he behaves greedily 849; közi suk (a man) ‘with a greedy eye’ ri43. 3568; o.o. 1379, 2611 (erksiz), 5384 (2 a:č-): xııı (?) At. (the miseŋ közi suk 255; a.o.o.: xıv Muh. al-sabbeba ‘the index fingersu:k barmak Rif. 141 (inadvertently omitted in Mel.): Kip. xııı al-šahheda ‘index fingersuk barmak Hou. 20, 15: xıv ditto al-sabbeba İd. 59: xv al-sabbeba suk (MS. šuk) barmak Kav. 61,3.

VU 2 suk (very, really) a Particle which although not alliterative seems to have the same functions as an alliterative Intensifying Particle (see 1 ap). N.o.a.b. Xak. xı suk yalguz er ‘a lonely, isolated (al-wahidu l-munfarad) man who has no friends or helpers’ Kaš. I 333: Xwar. xıv suk yalğuz ditto Qutb 159.

Mon. V. SĞ-

sağ- (saɣ-) (milk, доить) ‘to milk’ (an animal). An early l.-w. in Mong. as sağa/sa’a- (Haenisch 130, Kow. 1294). S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic changes (sağ- (milk, доить), sav- (milk, доить) (turn away, drive away, repulse; divert, go away, avoid, escape from, stand aside, get out of the way, let loose, spray, disperse, bring to an end), saw- (milk, доить), sa:- (milk, доить) (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think)). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. sağ- ‘to milk’ II II 40, 144: Xak. xı er ko:y sağdı: ‘the man milked (halaba) sheep’ (etc.) Kaš. II 15 (sağa:r, sağma:k); about 10 o.o., and see suğ-: (drain) xıv Muh. halaba sa:ğ- Mel. 25, 9; Rif. 108: Čağ. xv ff. sağ- düštdan ‘to milk’ San. 231r. 15: Xwar. xıv sağ- ditto Qutb 151: Kip. xıv šağ- halaba Id. 58: xv ditto šağ-/šaw- Tuh. 13b. 8.

D sa:k- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think) prob. an Emphat, f. in -k- fr. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); n.o.a.b., replaced at an early date by sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); see sakıš (thought, reckoning, counting, calculation, countless, number, decide, care, worry). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. [gap] yeme: inče: sa:ksa:r ‘and if he thinks as follows’ TT VIII K.2.: Xak. xı bardı: eren konuk körüp (384, 5 bulup) kutka: saka:r ‘gone are the men who, when they see (find) a guest, reckon it Čaddahu) a favour from heaven’ I 85, 5; 384, 5; n.m.e.: KB saka barsa mundağ bu yaglığ telim ‘if (D had many thoughts of this kind’ 4428.

It should take an effort of an etymological linguist not to connect the dots between think and sa:k- both meaning “think”, given the indicators on the initial th-/s-, (See sakın- (sa:kın-)) and the blurred phonetics that is Romanized with a cornucopia of phonetic conventions clearly reflecting a non-Roman phoneme: ṣ-/ṭ-/s- (ṣağ-/ṭalğ-/sak-), compare OE þenc-, OFris. think-, OSax. thenk-, ONorse þekk-, hug-, OHG dench-, Gmn. denk-, Goth. þagk-. On top of the obvious phonetic parallelism, the semantic parallelism is not less striking, demonstrating nearly perfect paradigmatic transfer: OE “think, imagine, conceive in the mind; consider, meditate, remember, intend, wish, desire” vs. Türkic “think/reckon/ponder/deem/count, imagine, conceive/plan, consider/ponder/meditate, remember, intend, desire/wish”, plus metaphorical “worry, alert, wary, protect, keep distance”. The inlaut -n- points to a derivative of þa-, a common reflexive form close to þaŋ- with a nasal -ng “methink”, or whatever the very remote ancestors of Anglo-Saxons, Frisians, etc. used in their Türkic dialects.

D sığ- (fit into, suit, fill) lit. ‘to fit (Intrans.) into (something Dat.)', with various metaph. meanings. S.i.a.m.l.g. as siy- in NE, NC, NW and sığ- in SE, SC, SW. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. kılmıš kılınč sığmaz ‘what you have done does not fit’ (i.e. is inappropriate or unsuccessful ?) TT I 7e: Xak. xı bu: sö:z kögülke: sığdı: naca'a hede'l-kalem fi’l-qalb ‘this statement acted on the mind’; and one says u:n ka:bka: sığdı: ‘the flour filled (wasa'a) the sack’; also used of other things Kaš. II 15 (sığa:r, sığma:k); kılıč kınka: küčün sığdı: translated ‘the swords almost failed to fit into (yasa') the scabbards because they were covered with blood’ I 183, 8; 359, 18; 397, 9; a o- 359» 4: KB köglige sığdı erse tapuğ ‘when his service had commended itself to the king’s mind’ 1607: Čağ. xv ff. sığ- (spelt) guncidan ‘to fill exactly’; sığıš- has the same meaning; fali'-i Harawi thought that sık- had this meaning, but it means ‘to squeeze’ San. 253r. 5 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sığ- Qutb 164: Kip. xıv 7vasa'a sığ- Bul. 87V.: xv wasa'a šıy- Tuh. 38b. 10: Osm. xıv to xvı sığ- ‘to fit, suit’; in several texts TTS II 813; IV 681.

sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress) lit. ‘to squeeze, press, compress’; metaph. ‘to distress, depress (someone)’. S.i.a.m.l.g. Uyğ. vııı (I fought them and pierced their ranks) Selege:ke: sika: sančdım ‘I pressed them against the Selenga and pierced them’ Šu. E 4: vııı ff. Bud. TT V 10, 95 (yudruk): Civ. H II10, 72: Xak. xı ol üzüm sıkdı: 'he pressed ('ašara) the grapes’ (etc.) Kaš. II 18 (sıka:r (MS. sıkdı:), sikma:k): xıv Muh. \805\ 'ašara sığ-, v.I. sık- Mel. 29, 3; sık- Rif. 112 (in MS. sıkrtı:)\ Čağ. xv ff. sık- afšurdan ‘to sqeeze, press’ San. 254T. 10 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı sık- (and sığ-) ‘to squeeze’ ’Ali 13: Kıp. xıv šık- 'ašara Id. 59: xv ditto Kav. 76, 8; Tuh. 26a. 4 (s<k-); a.o. do. 53a. 1: Tkm. 'abasa ‘to frown’ (bur(ar-/buruš-/) six- do. 26a. I. yürek sıkılmak “sick heart”, sıkılur eš
805

suğ- (drain) Hap. leg.; quite distinct from sağ- (milk, доить), but liable to be confused with it; the -u- is fixed by suğur- (drain), q.v. Basically ‘to draw out, or drain off (something Acc., from something Abl.’). Xak. xı <ol> koiydin kurut suğdı: 'he procured (ittaxada, milk for) dried curd cheese from the ewe’; its origin is suğurdı: (sic) Kaš. II 15 (suğa:r, suğma:k).

sok-, suk- Preliminary note. Most modern NE, NC, SC, and NW languages distinguish between sok- (beat, crush) ‘to beat, crush, reduce to powder, forge (iron) (čüg)', and the like with a Direct Object in the Acc., and suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) ‘to insert, thrust (something into something else), with some connotation of force; to invite to enter, admit’, and the like, with a Direct Object in the Acc. and an Indirect one in in the Dat. In SE Türki Shaw, BŠ and Jarring all list sok- but only Shaw 125 suk-. In SW only sok- (Az. sox-) exists; almost all its meanings belong to suk-, but some like ‘(of a snake) to bite; to injure, calumniate’ in Osm. seem to belong to sok-, Kaš. treats both V.s in the same para.; in this and other early texts it is simply a matter of judgment which V. is involved.

sok- (beat, strike, crush, dig, pierce, peck, bite, card (wool)) (sock, shock, shake) ‘to beat, crush’, etc.; see above. Cf. tö:g- (pound, crush, grind). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (he saw farmers irrigating and cultivating the land) kuš kuzgun sokar yonyur ‘birds and ravens walk about crushing (the clods)’ (and kill innumerable creatures) PP 1, 4-5; (among the fittings of a house) sokğu tegirmen ‘a mill for crushing (grain)’ TT VI 86; sokupdigging into’ (the entrails of a corpse) X 552 Civ. (take various seeds, etc. and) bu otlar yumšak sokupcrush these vegetables to a pulp’ TT VII 22, 12; sok- ‘to grind, crush’, etc. is common in H i: Xak. xı (after suk-) and one says er tu:z sokdi: ‘the man crushed (daqqa) salt’ (etc.); and kuš meg sokdi: laqata'l-ia'iru’l-habb ‘the bird picked up (pecked) seed’ Kaš. II 18 (soka:r, sokma:k); (the crow) bu:z soka:rpierces (yanquŋ the ice’ I 425, 18: xııı (?) Tef. sok- ‘to crush’ 272: Čağ. xv ff. sok- ur-... darb eyle- ma'nesina ‘to strike’ Vel. 297; sofc- ( (1) suk-); (2) of a poisonous animal ‘to bite’ (gazidan), in Ar. lasa’alladağa San. 244V. 2e: Oğuz xı (after Xak.) am: yila:n sokdi: ‘the snake bit him’ (ladağathu) Kaš. II 18: Kom. xıv sox- 'to strike; to card (wool); (of the heart) to beat; to forge (iron)’ CCG; Gr. 221 (quotns.)

suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) ‘to insert, thrust in’, etc.; see above. Türkü vııı ff. IrkB 33 (ur-): Uyğ. vııı Bud. (of doomed souls) kodi sukarlar ‘they thrust \\\ them down’ (into the cauldrons) TM IV 25$, 139; a.o. Hüen-ts. 1927-8 (sap-): Xak. xı men anı: evke: sukdum ‘I made him enter (adxaltuhu) the house’; also used of anything when you have inserted it into something by force (adxaliahu... šiddata (n)), for example an axe-head on to the handle Kaš. II 18 (sok- follows); a.o. III 142 (2 *kon:): KB yavalik bile borka baš sukmasa ‘you must not in your folly thrust your head into wine’ 708: xııı (?) Tef. suk- ‘to thrust’ (one’s hand into one’s bosom) 277: xıv Muh. heše ‘to fill up, stuffsu:k- Mel. 25, 5; suk- Rif. 107; al-hašw sukmak 24, 10 (mis-spelt sakmak); 119: Čağ. xv ff. suk- (1) furü kardan ‘to bow (the head, etc.)’ San. 244V. 26 (quotn. w. Indirect Object in Dat.; (2) sok- follows): Xwar. xıv suk- (w. Dat.) ‘to thrust into’ Qutb 159: Kom. xıv ‘to insert (something into something) sox- (sic) CCG; Gr. 221 (quotn.): Kip. xııı dassa min dassi'l-šay' fi'1-šay’ ‘to hide something in something’ suk- Hou. 40, 5: xıv suk- adxala Id. 59: xv suk- adxala aw haša aw dassa Kav. 9, 12; 77, 15; heše suk- Tuh. 3b. 2; 13b. 10.

Dis. SĞA

saka: (estuary, piedmont) survives only (?) in NC Kzx. sağa (1) ‘an estuary’; (2) ‘the foot of a mountain’; (3) ‘the junction of the blade and hilt (of a knife, etc.) (foot of a blade, etc)’. Xak. xı saka: safhu’l-cabal ‘the foot of a mountain’ Kaš. III 226.

D sağu: (sa:ğu:) (measure, volume, some ?) if the basic meaning is ‘corn measure’ a Dev. N.I. fr. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think), lit. ‘an instrument for counting’; if ‘a (milk) pail’, a Dev. N. in -u: fr. sağ- (milk, доить); but the first is the likelier. Survives in SE Türki sağu ‘a wooden pail’ Shaw 118 (only). SW Osm. sağu in the phr. sağu sağ- (milk, доить) ‘to sing a dirge (lament, requiem) (metaphoric, figurative), noted as early as xiv, TTS I 590; II 780, is a different word of unknown origin. Uyğ. vııı (then the lynx) [gap] sağuda yuğrut birle kelürüp ‘brought (the ....(chunks, bits, some ?) of a dead lizard) mixed with yoğurt in a pail’ U IV 50, 122: Xak. xı sağu: al-mikyel ‘a corn measure’ Kaš. III 225; a.o. sa:ğu: III 418 (kırklım): xıv Rbğ. sağu ‘a corn measure; a drinking vessel; the pan of a pair of scales’ R III 275 (quotns.).

D soku: (sokğu:) (blow (beat), sound of blow, mortar (gun)) Dev. N.I. fr. sok- (beat, crush), abbreviated. Survives as sokki/sokku in some NE and NC languages in its original meaning and such extended meanings as ‘a heavy blow; the sound of horses’ hooves’. Xak. xı soku: al-minhez ‘a mortar’; originally with -kk- (bi'1-tašdid) but abbreviated like baku: arid yaku: (q.v.; an Ar. parallel is added) R III 22e: Čağ. xv ff. sokku: (spelt) ‘a large wooden mortar’ (hawan) San. 245r. 16.

Dis. V. SĞA-

*saka:- See sakak (pendulous, hanging (chin, ), Adam’s apple, gills), saka:l (beard, sagged, hanged).

sakı:- (see faintly, seem, recipr. of watch) n.o.a.b. ; there is no connection w. NE Alt., Sag., Tel. sakı- ‘to wait for, watch’, etc. R III 247, which seems to be a Den. V. Fr. sak (awake, alert). (Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. sakığuluk TT I 19 is an error for sakmğuluk): Xak. xı ol \806\ meniŋ körzüme: sakı:dı:. ‘he appeared faintly (taxayyala) before my eyes’; similarly one says sa:kığ sakı:dı: taxayyala'l-sareb 'ka-) annahu me’ ‘the mirage appeared faintly like water’ Kaš. III 268 (saki:r, saki:ma:k).
806

D sıka:- (stroke, fondle) perhaps a Den. V. fr. sık the N./A. homophonous w. sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress), see sığ/sık Preliminary note; ‘to stroke, fondle’. Survives in SVV Osm. sığa-/sıva- ‘to rub with the hands, smooth, massage’ (for the meaning ‘to roll up the sleeves’ see sıtğa:-). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if he thinks, ‘let the Buddhas of the ten cardinal points come, let the divine favour of the Buddhas [gap] me’) tögömin sika:zunla:r anı üčün tögöden ükün be:lğörmiš ‘ “let them touch my husked millet”. Thereupon a heap of husked millet appeared’ TT VIII K. 3: Xak. xı ol anıt) bašın sıka:dı: amarra yadahu 'ale re'sihi ta'attufa (n) ‘he passed his hand affectionately over his head’; also used when one has felt (ahassa) anything by passing the hand over it Kaš. III 269 (sika:r, sika:ma:k): xııı (?) Tef. sığa-/sıka- ‘to stroke’ 270-1: Xwar. xıv sığa- ‘to caress, show kindness to (someone Acc.)’ Qutb 164: Osm. xıv ff. sığa- ‘to fondle, stroke’; in several texts 7TS//8I2; III 616.

soğı:- (cold) (soggy) ‘to be cold’; s.i.s.m.l. w. phonetic changes (so:-, su:-, sovu-, etc.); in others displaced by der. f.s. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. soğı- ‘to be cold’ IIII 24, 47: Xak. xı su:v soğırdı: ‘the water (etc.) was cold’ (harada) Kaš. III 268 (soğı:r, soğı:ma:k): xıv Muh. barada (Mel., in error, barrada) sowi:- Mel. 25, 16; Rif. 105: Xwar. xıv sovu- ‘to get cold’ Qutb 156 (savtt-): Kip. xıv sowu- barada Id. 60: xv barida (sic) mina’l-šite ‘to be cold in winter’ (üšü-/) sowu- Tuh. 8a. 10: Osm.xvi sovu- ‘to be cold’ TTS II 836.

D suki:- (finger (with index finger)) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 1 su:k (greed, greedy; envy, envious, covetous, poking, thrusting (finger), index finger) in the sense of ‘index finger’. Xak. xı ol anı: sukı:dı: nadağahu bi-išbi'ihi ‘he prodded (fingered) him with his finger’ Kaš. III 269 (suki:r, suki:rma:k).

Dis. SĞC

D sakčı: (guard, guardian, watchman, sentry) N.Ag. fr. sak (awake, alert); ‘guard, guardian’. S.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. xı KB kılıč baldu boldi bu el sakčısı ‘the sword and spear have become the guardians of this realm’ 2140; a.o. 2143: xııı (?) Tef. raqib ‘watchman, guardian’ sakčı 261: Čağ. xv ff. sağčı mtistahfi? ‘guard, etc.’ San. 232r. 2q; sakčı ‘watchman (nigahben), guard’ do. v. 20: Xwar. xıv sakčı ‘guard, sentry’ Qutb 153.

Mon. SĞD

F sa:xt (horse tackle, vessel, pot, container, coat of mail, amour, tool, instrument) l.-w. fr. Pe. saxtstirrup leather, horse armour, saddle and bridle ornaments’, and other artifacts like ‘vessel, pot’. Survives in NC Kzx. sawitvessel, container; coat of mail, armour’: NW Kar. T. sawutvessel’ R IV 430; Kaz. saut, sawit ditto R IV 237^ 428. Oğuz xı (after üstem, q.v.) this is what is called sa:xt in Oğuz Kaš. I 107: Čağ. xv ff. sawut zirih ‘coat of mail’ San. 236V. 19: \\\ (Xwar. xıv sağıtlığarmoured’ Qutb 151): Kom. xıv sağıt ‘tool, instrument, horse-trappings’ CCG; Gr. 212.

Dis. SĞD

sığıt (weeping, lamentation)weeping, lamentation’; prob. a quasi-onomatopoeic. Survives only (?) in NE Koib, Sag. Tel. sığıt/sı:t R IV 6, 19, 655; Khak. sı:t. Türkü vııı (if tears come to the eyes) tilda: (? so read) kögültc: sığıt kelser ‘and lamentation comes to (or from ?) the tongue and the mind’ I N 11: Xak. xı sığıt al-buke’ ‘a weeping, lamentation’ Kaš. I 356; a.o. III 275 (sığta:-): KB (wake up, greybeard, and prepare for death) bu kečmiš künügke sığıt kıl ünün ‘cry out lamentations for your days that are past’ 376; o.o. 932, 1233 (ağıt-), 15le: xıv Muh. al-niyeha ‘wailing for the dead’ sıği:t Mel. 8, 7; Rif. 80: Kom. xıv ‘mourningsığıt CCG; Gr.

D suğut. Preliminary note. These two words are obviously different; 1 suğut (curd cheese) is a Dev. N. fr. suğ- (drain), q.v.; 2 suğut (inserted, stuffed) which lies between 1 suğut and sığıt (weeping, lamentation) can hardly be a similar Dev. N. fr. suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide), though semantically connected, since the sound change -k- > -ğ- is unknown in Xak., but might be a similar Dev. N. fr. sığ- (fit into, suit, fill) misvocalized.

D 1 suğut (curd cheese) Hap. leg.; see above. Karluk xı suğut al-aqit ‘dried curd cheese’ Kaš. I 356.

VUD 2 suğut (inserted, stuffed) Hap. leg.; syn. w. suktu: (inserted, stuffed). Xak. xı suğut ‘guts (al-am'a), which are stuffed (yuhše) with spices (afezoîh), rice and meat, cooked and eaten’ Kaš. I 356.

D suktu: (inserted, stuffed) Dev. N. in -tu: (phonetic variant of -di:/-di:) fr. suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide). Survives only (?) in NW Kaz. sokta Budagov I 709 (Kaz. -o- corresponds to standard -u-). Xak. xı suktu: 'guts stuffed with liver (kabid), meat, and spices, cooked and eaten’ Kaš. I 416.

D sağdıč (best man (wedding)) Den. N. fr. 1 sa:ğ (pure, sound, healthy, right). Survives only (?) in SW Az. sağdıš; Osm. sağdıč ‘a bridegroom’s best man; a bride’s attendant’. Türkü ıx (?) the word occurs in 3 (or 4?) Talas inscriptions, ETYII134IÎ. There are better transcriptions in Novye epigraficheskie na-khodki v Kirgizii, Frunze, 1962; otu:z oğlan sağdı:čları: ‘the thirty young men, the comrades!?)’ Talas II 1 (pp. 23 ff.); otu:z oğlan sağdıčı:ğ VIII 3 (p. 16); X 3 (p. 18), and prob. IV (ETY II 136), but there is no satisfactory text of this: Xak. xı sağdıč al-sadtq ‘a true friend’; sağdıč (sic?; the first vowel looks more like damma) ism diyefa tadür bayna'l- qawm fi'1-šite’ 'ale'1-tartib ‘the name of an entertainment given by (each) member of a clan in turn during the winter’ Kaš. I 455; a.o. III 374, 7 (al-šadîq): Kip. xıv šağfuc ‘the comrade (rafiq) of the bridegroom who waits on the people at a wedding feast’ Id. 59.

Dis. V. SĞD-

D soğıt- (cold, chill) Caus. f. of soğı:- (cold) (soggy); ‘to make cold, to chill’. S.i.m.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. \807\ Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (just as cold water mixed with hot water) soğıtırchills it’ Wind. 49: Bud. kögüzlerln soğıtdačı ‘cooling the breasts’ (of pregnant women) USp. 102a. 33-4: Civ [gap]tam (?) mün birle soğıtıp ičürser ‘if one cools... with broth and gives it to him to drink’ H I r: (Xak.?) xıv Muh. barrada 'to cool, chill’ šavvut- Mel. 64, 12; sownt- Rif. 105; (al-berida 'a cold fever, ague’ ša:wuttı: 163 only): Kip. xııı barra-da’l-me’ wa ğayrahu sawut- (sic) Hou. 38, 14: xv barrada šawuČ- (sic) Kav. 77, 6; (barida üšümek;) bıtrüda ‘being or becoming cold; chilling (?)’ sowutmak Tuh. 7a. 9-10).
807

D sığta:- (weep, lament, bewail, grieve, mourn) Den. V. fr. sığıt (weeping, lamentation). Survives in most NE languages and SE Tar. as sıkta-; Khak. sixta-. Türkü vııı bunča: bodun kelipen sığta:mıš yoğla:mıš ‘all these people came, mourned (wept), and celebrated the funeral feast’ IE 4, II E 5: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. siktayu (?) TT II 16, 13: Bud. (then the king and the people) ığlayu sığtayuweeping and lamenting’ PP 30, 8; o.o. do. 61, 4, etc. (1 ulu:); U III 13, 5 (i) (ačığ); 17, 3 (ığla:-); 17» 21; 42, 26, etc.: Xak. xı oğlaın sığta:dı: ‘the boy (etc.) wept’ (sığta:r, siğta:ma:k); alternatively pronounced with -x- (wa bi'l-xa luğafihi), as in Ar. ğumar/xumar and ğaddar/xattar; this (change) is permissible only in V.s and not in N.s; you may not say sıxıt for al-buke' instead of sığıt Kaš. III 275; a.o. III 355 (1 baŋ): xıv Muh. neha ‘to wail, lamentsıkta:- in Turkistan, sığta-/sıxta- in ‘our country’ Mel. 8, 8; Rif. 80; neha sıkta:- 31, 9; wa nadaba (same meaning) sıxta- 115: Čağ. xv ff. sıkta- (and also siktal-) ba--mubelağa wa ifrat (girya') kardan az rü-yi tangdili ‘to lament to an excessive extent because of grief’ San. 254r. 23: Kip. xıv šıkda- (sic) nadaba 'ale'1-mayt ‘to bewail the dead’ Id. 59; neha šıkta- (vocalized šokuta-) Bul. 85 r.

D sığtat- (weep, lament, bewail, grieve, mourn) Caus. f. of sığta:- (weep, lament, bewail, grieve, mourn); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı (under the cross-heading -D-, cf. köklet-) ol anı: sixtatti: (sic) abkehu ‘he made him weep’; sığdadtı: (sic) alternative form (luğa) Kaš. II 327 (sıxtatu:r, sixtatma:k); (in a grammatical para.) anı: sığtat abkihu II 360, 12: Čağ. xv ff. sığtat- (-tı) ziyada ağlat- ‘to make (someone) weep to excess’ Vel. 287 (quotn.); sığtat- Caus. f.; ba-ifret giryenîdan ditto San. 254V. 6 (quotns.).

D sağtur- (milk, доить) Caus. f. of sağ- (milk, доить); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ol ko:y sağturdı: ahlaba’l-labina (MS. labin) ‘he had the milch-ewe milked’ Kaš. II 185 (sağturur, sağturma:k).

D sığtur- (fit into, suit, fill) Caus. f. of sığ- (fit into, suit, fill); ‘to insert or fit (something into something else)’. S.i.s.m.l. as sığdır’ or siydir-, Cf. sığur- (fit into, suit, fill). Xak. xı ol bi:r ne:gni: bi:rke: sığturdı: ‘he inserted (adxala) one thing into another, and made it fit in it’ (awsa’ahuftkŋ Kaš. II185 (sığturur, sığturma:k).
807

D sıktur- (pressed, squeezed) Caus. f. of sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress) ; ‘to have something pressed, squeezed, etc.’. S.i.m.m.l.g. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. in USp. 53 (3), 3-4 the right reading is prob. bor sıkturğalı kelip ‘who came to organize the wine-pressing’: Xak. xı ol üzüm sıkturdı: ‘he gave orders for pressing (bi-'ašŋ the grapes, and they were pressed’ Kaš. II186 (sıkturur, sikturma:k): Kip. xv (another Suff. of the Caus. f. is -tır-, e.g....) ista'šara sıktır- Tuh. 55a. 3. .

D soktur- (beat, crush) Caus. f. of sok- (beat, crush); ‘to order to crush, grind’, etc. Unlike sok- and suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide), soktur- and suktur- are separated in Kaš. S.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. xı ol murč sokturdi: adaqqa’l-fulful ‘he had the pepper ground’; and also other things Kaš. II 187 (kadelika, ‘the saroe Aor. and Infin.’ (as suktur- which precedes it)).

D suktur- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) Caus. f. of suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide); ‘to order to insert, thrust in’, etc. S.i.m.m.l.g.; in SW Osm. soktur-; Tkm. sokdur-. Xak. xı ol bi:r ne:ŋni: bi:rke: sukturdi: ‘he ordered the insertion (bi-idxel) of one thing into another, and it was inserted’ Kaš. II 186 (sukturur, sukturma:k): Kip. xv (another Suff. of the Caus. f. is -tur-, e.g....) tstahše ‘to have (something) filled or stuffedsuktur- Tuh. 55a. 4.

D sığtaš- (weep, lament, bewail, grieve, mourn) Co-op. f. of sığta:- (weep, lament, bewail, grieve, mourn); ‘to lament, or wail, together’. S.i.s. NE 1. as sıktaš-/sıktas-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the two brothers) ığlaštı ötrü sığtaštılarwept and lamented together’ PP 53, 1; Xak. xı kiši: kamuğ sıxtašdı: ‘the people all wept (baka) together’ (sıxtašu:r, sıxtašma:k); another form (luğa) with -ğ- sığtašdı: Kaš. II 211.

Tris. SĞD

D sığıtčı: (mourner, or rather wailer, плакальщик (-ца)) N.Ag. fr. sığıt (weeping, lamentation)mourner’. N.o.a.b. Türkü vııı yoğčı: sığıtčı: ‘participants in the funeral feast and mourners’ I E 4, II E 5; I N 11: (xiv Muh. (}) neyih wa nedib ‘mourner, wailer’ sığta:čı: Rif. 158 (only) seems to be an abbreviated N.Ag. fr. *sığta:ğ).

D sağdıčlığ (friends, братство) Hap. leg.?; P.N./A. fr. sağdıč (best man (wedding)). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. kalti varxar sanlığ sağdıčlığ tavarm altımız yuŋladımız erser ‘if we have taken and used property belonging to a monastery (Sanskrit vihera) or our friends’ TT IV 6, 44.

D sığıtsız (unlamented, unmourned) Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. sığıt (weeping, lamentation). Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (because he has established the doctrine of the Prophet) [gap s]uz sığıtsız boltımız ‘we have become free from... and lamentation’ M III 36, 6 (ŋ.

Dis. SĞG

?D sakak (saka:k) (pendulous, hanging (chin, ), Adam’s apple, gills) obviously cognate to saka:l (beard, sagged, hanged), and prob. a Dev. N. fr. *saka:- in the sense of ‘something hanging down, pendulous’; of human being, ‘double chin’; of a bovine, ‘dewlap (double chin)’, and the like. Survives in the same and some extended meanings in NE Kır., Kzx. sağak: NW Kk., Nog. (for ‘fish’s gills’) \808\ sağak: SW Osm., Tkm. sakak. Xak. xı sakak al-daqan ‘a double chin’ Kaš. II 286 (prov. misquoted, verbs following sakak and saka:l (beard, sagged, hanged) inverted); a.o. I 282, 26 (same proverb correctly quoted, with sakark): Čağ. xv ff. sakak zanaxddnla gardan mebaym ‘the part between the chin and the chest’ Vel. 276 (quotn.); sakağ ğabğab, same meaning San. 232V. 17 (same quotn.): Xwar. xıv sakak alması ‘Adam’s apple’ Qutb 153; Kom. xıv ‘chin’ sağak CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı (among ‘parts of the body’) al-gababa ‘double chinsağak Hou. 20, 7: Osm. xv ff. ğabğab sakak in several Ar. dicts. TTS I 591; II 781; III 589; IV 653.
808

Dis. SĞĞ

D sakığ (mirage) Dev. N. fr. sakı:- (see faintly, seem, recipr. of watch); ‘mirage’; n.o.a.b. Sakım, q.v., and SW xx Anat. sağın ‘mirage’ SDD 1178 are cognate forms. Xak. xı usııkmıška: sa:kığ (sic) kamuğ su:v körünü:r ‘to the thirsty man every mirage (sareb) seems to be water’ Kaš. 7191,7; a.o. III 268 (sakı:-); n.m.e.: KB sakığ ol körü barsa dünye İši ‘the affairs of this world, if you go to look at them, are a mirage’ 1410; a.o. 3627.

D sıkığ (pressured, constricted, squeezed, narrow, tight, severe; pressing necessity, trouble, straits) theoretically, as in the case of sevig and sevük, there should be two Dev. N./A.s fr. sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress ), a N.Ac. in -ığ, sıkığpressure, constriction’, and the like, and a Pass. N./A. in -uksqueezed, constricted’, and the like, the latter becoming sikik by vocalic assimilation in some modern languages. The early forms all seem to be sıkığ; of modern forms NE Tel. sıkıknarrow, compressed’ R IV 608: and SC Uzb. slklk ‘pressure; compressed, narrow, narrowed’ represent sikuk and SW Osm. sıkıtight, severe; pressing necessity, trouble, straits’, etc. sıkığ. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. erüš üküš alp sıkığ emgeklerig ‘many (Hend.) grievous constrictions and sufferings’ Suv. 109, 4; a.o. U II 11, 7 (tagığ): (Xak.?) xiv ?) al-šarab "wine (?)’ sıkı:ğ Rif. 190 (only).

VU?D sukak (gazelle (male)) the male of the ıvık (gazelle (fem.)), q.v., which was almost certainly ‘female gazelle’, so presumably ‘male gazelle;’ etymologically explicable as Dev. N. fr. suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide), lit. ‘thrusting (with its horns)'. N.o.a.b.; unconnected w. Osm. sokak ‘street’ which is a corruption of Ar. zuqdq. Uyğ. vııı e//. S 11 (yul): Xak. xı sukak al-raym mina't-siba ‘a male white gazelle' Kaš. II 287; arka:r sukak yomutti: ictama o'l-urted ıva'1-afr ‘the female mountain sheep and gazelles have assembled’ I 214, 17: KB 5374 (ıvık): Čağ. xv ff. sukağ (1) ‘a kind of gazelle (dhü), but bigger than an (ordinary) gazelle; its horns are used to make knife handles and are smooth and without corrugations’ ( (2) ‘a narrow street’; see above) San. 245r. le: Oğuz xı sukak kineya 'ani'l--fdrisi ‘a slang term for a Persian’; one says bu sukak ne: te:r ‘what does this Persian say?’ Kaš. II 287: Xwar. xıv sukak ‘gazelle’ Qutb 161.

D soğık (cold) (soggy) N./A.S. fr. soğı:- (cold) (soggy); ‘cold’. S.i.a.m.l.g. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. soğık suv ‘cold water’ TT VIII 1.5; soğık ydlte: ‘in a cold wind’ do. 14 — sovuk yaš ‘cold tears’ H I 85; o.o. do. 13s, 18e: Xak. xı KB kayusı soğık itti ‘some of them prepared a cold (drink)’ 1060; a.o. 4623 (islt-): x 111 (?) Tef. sovuk (?) ‘cold’ 257 (savuk, but unvocalized): xıv Muh. al-berid ‘cold’ sowıığ Mrl. 53, 11; (tıımuluğ; in margin) sa:vu:k Rif. 150; o.o. (water) 77, 10; 181; (day) 80, 7; 185: Čağ. xv ff. sawıığ/ sawuk sard wa hdrid ‘cold’ San. 236V. 21: Xwar. xııı sowuk ‘cold’ 'AH 57: xııı (?) soğuk Oğ. 242: xivsavuk/sovuk Qutb 156-9; savuk Nahc. 30, le: Kom. xıv ‘cold; the cold’ sawok, suwuk CGI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-bard ‘the cold’ sawuk (sic) Hou. 5, 9; al-berid sawuk do. 27, 12: xıv šowuk al-bard İd. 51; Bui 3, 4: xv bard wa berid sowuk Tuh. 7a. 10: Osm. xıv ff. sovuk (normal)/ savuk (less common) ‘cold’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 606, 637; 11 836; III 605, 636; 7F668, 702.

D sokğu: See soku:. (blow, sound of blow)

Tris. SĞG

VUD sukaklığ (“gazellity” gazelle (male)) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. sukak (gazelle (male)). Xak. xı sukaklığ ta:ğ ‘a mountain full of male gazelles’ ('ufr mina'1-zibe') Kaš. I 498.

D soğıklık (cold) A.N. (sometimes Conc. N.) fr. soğık (cold); s.i.s.m.l. w. phonetic changes. Xak. xı soğıklık ne:ij ‘anything intended for (use in) the cold weather’ (mu'addli’l-bunlda) Kaš. I 503 : Čağ. xv ff. savuğluk sardı ‘the cold’ San. 236V. 21 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv sovukluk ‘the cold’ Qutb 159: Kip. xıv (in a list of diseases, after ‘cold fever, ague’ ditretmek) al-bard ‘a cold’ (?) sowukluk Bui. 9,le: Osm. xıv ff. sovukluk ‘the herb purslane’ in onexiv, and ‘the cold’ in one xvı text TTS II 836; IV 703.

Tris. V. SĞĞ

D soğıklan- (cold) Ref], Den. V. fr. soğık (cold); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı <ol> bu: ye:rig soğuklandı: (sic in MS.; -11- ? error for -/-) ‘he reckoned that this place was cold’ (berid) Kaš. II 266 (soğuklanu:r, soğuklanma:k): Osm. xvı sovuklan- (of a man) ‘to be cold, feel the cold’; in one text TTS II 836.

Dis. SĞL

D saka:l (beard, sagged, hanged) obviously cognate to saka:k (pendulous, hanging (chin, ), Adam’s apple, gills), and prob. a Dev. N. fr. *saka:- (sag, sagging) in the sense of ‘something hanging down’; ‘beard’. S.i.a.m.l.g. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sakalı ertigü köp erti ‘his beard was very thick’ U III 30, 30; a.o. USp. 105t>. 3 (yüllt-): Civ. HI 144-5 (satun): Xak. xı (they fight) sakal tutup' ‘grasping one another by the beard’ (li'1-lihe) Kaš. I 230, 5; saka:l oxša:r (2 oxša:- (fondle, caress, soothe)) ‘he fondles his beard’ (and cuts his throat) / 282, 26; 4 o.o. of saka:l; n.m.e.: KB bu kökčin sakal ‘this greybeard’ 667; 1798; o.o. 1098 (bütür-); 1103 (1 sač): xııı (?) Tef. sakalbeard’ 259: xıv Muh. al-lihya saka:l Mel. 47, 5; Rif. 140: Čağ. xv ff. sakal lihya, in Pe. riš San. 232V. 17 (quotn.): Kom. xıv ‘beardsakal CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-lihya sakal Hou. 20, 7: xıv šakal ditto İd. 59: xv ditto Tuh. 31b. s; (šakallı:bearded’ Kav. 59, 19-20).
809

Dis. V. SĞL-

D sa:ğlığ (counted) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. 3 sa:ğ (sagacity, intelligence, intellect, mind) in its etymological meaning. Sağlığ in later texts is a Sec. f. of sağlık (milch animal). Xak. xı sağlığ ‘anything counted’ (al-tna'dûd); originally sa:ğlığ Kaš. 7464.

D sağlık (milch animal) Dev. A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. sağ- (milk, доить); ‘a milch animal’. Survives only (?) in SE Türki Shaw 11?,, Jarring 263 (‘ewe’). In other modern languages the words for ‘milch animal’ are generally other Dev. N.s fr. sağ-, usually sağın, q.v., but in SW Az., Osm. the hybrid word sağmal w. the Mong. Suff. -mal (Studies, p. 203) which can be traced back to xııı or xıv in Kip. (see below). Sağlık in other modern languages is an A.N. fr. 1 sa:g, ‘health, sobriety, and the like, first noted in Xwar. xıv Qutb 151 and Osm. xıv TTSII779, etc. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. iki sağlık koyn ‘two milch ewes’ USp. 36, 2: Xak. xı sağlık a\--na'ca (MS. in error tıac'a) al-halûbfVl-ašl ‘an ewe, originally a milch animal’ Kaš. 7 471; 3 o.o. translated al-na'ca I 520 and III 102 (košul-); 77 22 (tel-): xıv Rbğ. sağlık ditto 7? IV 279 (quotn.); Muh. al-hahlha sa:ğlığ Mel. 70, 17; sağlık Rif. 172: Čağ. xv ff. sağlığ sağılur ‘milch’ (goat) Vel. 276 (quotn.); sağlığ (1) düšidani wa šir dihanda ditto (same quotn.); ( (2) ‘good health’; (3) ‘sobriety’) San. 232V. 2: Kip. xııı al-halftb mina'1-ğanam wa'l--ma'az ‘a milch ewe or goat’ (šamğa:lı:, ?muddle of šağmal; and) ša:ğlı:k Hou. 15, 10: xıv sağlık al-tiaca Id. 59 (also šağmal ‘milch ewe’; šağlık ‘good health’ 58); al-na'ca sağlık (MS. soğlak) Bui. 7, 11: xv naca šawluk Tuh. 36b. 1 (and 'afiya ‘good health’ sawluk; Tkm. sağlık do. 24b. 4).

D saklık (alertness, caution, on guard) A.N. fr. sak (awake, alert); ‘wakefulness, watchfulness; caution’; s.i.s.m.l. in NW. Xak. xı saklık al-yaqaza fl'1-umür ‘watchfulness in affairs’ Kaš. I 471: KB (he presided over his kingdom) saklık bile ‘with watchfulness’ 438; o.o. 442 (oduğluk), i960, 2015, 2221, 2353.

D sukluk (greed, envy, covetousness) A.N. fr. 1 su:k (greed, greedy; envy, envious, covetous); ‘greed; envy, covetousness’. S.i.s.m.l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yana iki közi sukluk [gap] ‘and his two eyes... greed’ U III 30, 28: Xak. xı sukluk ‘greed (al-hirš) for food and other things, and covetousness’ (al-cašaa) Kaš. 7 471: KB (I collected the wealth of this world) suklukun ‘greedily’ 1119; bu sukluk ig ol ‘this greed is a disease’ 2002; a.o. 6092 (karağur-): xııı (?) At. (put out of your mind) tavar suklukin ‘greed for wealth’ 185: Kom. xıv ‘covetousness, lust’ suklik/sukluk CCG.) Gr.: Kip. xııı (under ‘diseases’) al-tam ‘covetousness’, the most grievous of diseases su:kluk (MS. su:köluk) Hou. 33, 7. .

Dis. V. SĞL-

D sağıl- (milked) Pass. f. of sağ- (milk, доить); ‘to be milked’. S.i.s.m.l, w. phonetic changes, e.g. NC Kır. sa:l-. Xflkr Štl»t sağıldı: 'the milk was rhilked' (huliba) Kaš. II 124 (sağılu:r, sağılma:k); (for 77 163, 3 see suğul-): Čağ. xv ff. sağıl- (spelt) düšida šudan ‘to be milked’ San. 231 r. 25: Xwar. xıv sağıl- ditto Qutb 154 (sic in MS. not sahil- as in Index).

D sıkıl- (squeezed, compressed) (sickened) Pass. f. of sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress); ‘to be squeezed, compressed’, etc., lit. or metaph. S.i.m.m.l., sometimes as sığıl-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if the common people are) sıkılmıš tapılmıš 'constricted and bound’ (by the agony of illness) Suv. 586, 14; sıkıldım ‘I was depressed’ (and felt ill and weak) Hüen-ts. 2071: Civ. beg er sıkılur eš bulmadın ‘the beg is depressed because he cannot find friends’ TT I 24 (so read, not iš ‘work’); yürek sıkılmak tın buzmak ‘heart disease and respiratory trouble’ 77 I 3-5: Xak. xı üzüm sıkıldı: ‘the grapes were pressed’ Čušira); also used of anything that has been compressed and squeezed Čušira aw duğita) Kaš. II 125 (sıkılur, sıkılma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sıkıl- (spelt) afšurda šudan ‘to be squeezed, compressed’ San. 254r. 21 (quotn.).

D suğul- (drained) Pass. f. of suğ- (drain); the meanings as given are more Intrans. than Pass., but the basic meaning seems to be ‘to be drained off’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. kördi bir uluğ köl suvı suğulup alkınğalı uğramıšın ‘he saw the water of a great lake sinking into the ground and beginning to disappear’ Suv. 600, 5; a.o. 603, 9: Civ. (if you take the meat of two bones of goat and boil them in one cup of wine and one cup of water and drink the water) suğulmıšta III 18; Arat translated ‘when it gets cold’, but soğı:- (cold) (soggy) being Intrans. cannot form a Pass.; the meaning seems to be ‘when it has been drained off (the meat)’; a.o. 77 77 12, 82: Xak. xı su:v suğuldı: ‘the water sank’ (or became scanty, nadaba), also used of milk w’hen it has become scanty (baku'a) Kaš. I1 124 (suğulu:r, suğulma:k); sü:t suğuldı: baku'a’l-laban II 139, 14; 163, 3 (MS. sağıldı:)-, suğulmıš su:v ‘water which has disappeared’ (al-ğebiŋ II 170, 12; bu: su:v ol tavra:k suğulğa:n 'this water always quickly sinks into the ground’ (yagüŋ; also used of a spring when it dries up (yagüŋ quickly 7 520: xııı (?) At. 387 (kö:l); Tef. suğul- ditto 27e: Kıp. xv dabala ‘to dry up’ (MS. dabala) šuvul- Tuh. 16a. 8.

D sokul- (crushed) Pass. f. of sok- (beat, crush); ‘to be crushed’, etc. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. tu:z sokuldi: ‘the salt was, crushed’ (duqqa) Kaš. II 125 (inserted (later?) in the middle of the entry of suval-; no Aor. or Infin.); o.o. 77 135, etc. (kakıl-): Čağ. xv ff. sokul- ( (1) see sukul- (inserted, thrust, filled up, stuffed, hidden)); (2) gazida šudan ‘to be bitten’ (by a poisonous animal). San. 245r. 12. . , .

D sukul- (inserted, thrust, filled up, stuffed, hidden) Pass. f. of suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide); ‘to be thrust into (something Dat.)’, etc. S.i.s.m.l.; in SW Az. soxul-; Osm. sokul-, Xak. xı tava:r evke: sukuldi: ‘the goods were brought into (udxila... fŋ the house and hidden’. (ğ«&ma) Kaš. 77 i25 (8ukulur,sukulma:k):Čağ. xv ff. sukul- (ŋ furü raftan ‘to go down, descend’, \\ and the like San. 245T. 12 (quotn.; (2) sokul-follows).
810

Dis. V. SĞL-

D sakla:- (guard, protect) Den. V. fr. sak (awake, alert); ‘to watch over, guard, protect’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some extended meanings like SW Osm. ‘to conceal’. Xak. xı KB sakıš birle saklar kiši iš küdüg ‘a man watches over his affairs with (careful) calculation’ 2220: xıv Muh. harasa ‘to guard’ sakla- Mel. 25, 7; Rif. 107 (mis-spelt sak-); nI-haresa saklamak 36, 3; Rif. 121; hafiza ‘to protect’, in margin sakla- Rif. 107 (and see sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think)): Čağ. xv ff. saxla- (sic) nigah deštan ‘to watch’ San. 23or. 3 (quotn.): Xwar. xııı sakla- ‘to protect’ 'Ali 28: xııı (?) sakla- ditto, and ‘to comply with (an ordeŋ’ Oğ. 128, 180: xıv sakla- 'to protect; to keep (an oath)’ Qutb 153; MN 425; Nahc. 237, 12: Kom. xıv ‘to guard’ sakla- CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı harasa wa hafiza sakla:- Hou. 35, 3: xıv šakla- ditto; another word for hafiza is ašra- [N.B. Mong. l.-w.] İd. 59: xv harasa tnina'l-harösa bi-ma'na l-hıf z šakla-; you can also use it in the sense of ‘to beware of’ (al-ihtirez), that is to beware of someone or something to avoid being dirtied by them; and you can use it in the sense of ‘to conceal’ (al-ixfd’), when you use it to tell someone to conceal an object from the sight of others, or a statement from the ears of others; there is another, more usual, word for ‘to conceal’, yašır- Kav. 74, 12; harasa sakla- Tuh. 13b. 7; a.o. do. 14b. 9 (kizle:-): Osm. xıv ff. sakla- (occasionally, xiv, saxla-) (in ‘to guard, protect’; (2) ‘to comply with’ (laws, etc.); c.i.a.p. TTS II 782; III 590; IV 654.

VU suğlı:- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) Hap. leg., but cf. suğlıt- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide); semantically close to suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) but morphologically incompatible. Xak. xı er <?elig) koyga: suğlı:dr. ‘the man thrust his hand (adxala... yadahu) into his bosom to search for something’ Kaš. III 297 (suğlı:r, suğlı:ma:k).

VUD suğlıt- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of suğlı:- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide). Xak. xı ol agar koyga: elig suğlıttı: 'he ordered him to thrust (adxala) his hand into his bosom to search for something’ Kaš. II 346 (suğhtu:r, suğlıtma:k).

D saklan- (protect, protected) Refl. f. of sakla:- (guard, protect); s.i.s.m.l. w. Refl. or Pass. meaning, ‘to protect oneself; to be protected’. Türkü vııı ff. Man. özlerin saklanu ‘protecting themselves’ M III 38, 5 ('): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M III 9, 7-8 (udik): Bud. [gap] saklanu körgil ‘see that you protect yourself’ TT X 426; a.o. PP 17, 1-2 (udik): Civ. saklanğu ‘you must beware’ TT VII 17, 2 etc.; o.o. TT I 195-6 (turuš), 214: Xak. xı ol mendin saklandı: hadira 'anni wa tawaqqa ‘he bewared of me and protected himself’ Kaš. II 247 (saklanu:r, saklanma:k): KB (oh king!) (lecıblarka saklanğu ol ‘you must keep watch on your ministers’ 2503; o.o. 443, etc. (osa:l), 1437: xııı (?) Tef. saklan- ‘to protect oneself’ Tef. 261: xıv Muh. salima wa nace ‘to be safe, to be saved’ sakla:n- Mel. 27, 7; saklan- Rif. no: Xwar. xıv saklan- ‘to protect oneself’ Qutb 153: Kom. xıv ‘to beware’ saklan- CCI; Gr.: Klp. xv taharrasa ‘to guard oneself’ (sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think)/) saklan- Tuh. 10a. 13.

D su:klan- (greedy, coveting) Refl. Den. V. fr. 1 su:k (greed, greedy; envy, envious, covetous) ‘to be greedy; to covet (something Dat.)', and the like. Survives as suktan- in NC Kır., Kzx., and suklan- in SC Uzb. and NW. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit nönyešem spfhako bhavet ‘you must not covet the property of others’ net) adınlarnıŋ bulunčıga: sıı:k1anda:čı bol-ğuluk ermez TT VIII E. 10; o.o. do. E. 10; USp. 94, 2: Xak. xı KB közi tok kerek nerjke suklanmasa ‘you must be satisfied and not covet things’ 2200; özüŋ sukla-nursen ajun tergeli ‘you yourself are greedy to collect (the goods of) this world’ (but death is greedy to collect you) 3619: Kom. xıv ‘to covet’ suxlan- CCG; Gr. 225 (quotn.): Kip. xv ištaha ditto šuklan- Tuh. 5b. 3.

D suklun- (fall, plunge) Refl. f. of sukul- (inserted, thrust, filled up, stuffed, hidden), with an Intrans. meaning, ‘to fall, or plunge (into something Dat.)’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (you have shown the bridge of true doctrine) küvenčlig suv közneklge suklunmıšlarka ‘to those who have plunged into the reflection on (the surface of) the water of pride’ TT III 55 : Xak. xı anıg ada:kı: ü:tke: suklundı: ‘his foot went into (daxafaft) a hole’; also used of anything that goes into something and gets stuck in it (istahkama fihŋ Kaš. II 247 (suklunu:r, suklunma:k): Osm. xv, xvı soklun- (sic in Osm.) ‘to push one’s way into (something)’, with the implication that it is not one’s business to; in two texts TTS II 831; III 698.

D saklaš- (guard, protect) Recip. f. of sakla:- (guard, protect); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı bodu:n kamuğ saklašdı: ‘the people all protected themselves from (tahefaza... min) one another’ Kaš. II 216 (saklašu:r, saklašma:k): Xwar. xıv saklaš- ‘to take precautions against one another’ Qutb 153.

D sıklıš- (squeezed, compressed) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sıkıl- (squeezed, compressed), Xak. xı bodu:n barča: sıklıšdı: ‘the people (etc.) crowded together (isdahama) until the place was congested’ (daqa); also used of grapes when they are pressed (in'ašarat) Kaš. II 216 (sıklıšu:r, sıklıšma:k).

D sukluš- (inserted, thrust, filled up, stuffed, hidden) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of sukul- (inserted, thrust, filled up, stuffed, hidden). Xak. xı suklušdı: ne:g idramacca’l-šay' ‘the thing was jammed in’; that is when one thing enters (daxala) another and is fixed in it (yustahkimfihŋ, as for example when the tang of a sword blade enters the handle and is fastened in it Kaš. II216 (suklušu:r, suklušma:k).

Tris. SĞL

D sakalduruk (throat strap (headstall)) N.I. fr. sakal (saka:l (beard, sagged, hanged)); survives in SE xix Türki Shaw 119 (only) for ‘the throat strap of a headstall’. Xak. xı sakalduruk ‘a strap (xayt) covered with brocade and fixed to a hat (qalansuwa), so that the hat may be fastened below the chin and does not fall off’ Kaš. I 530: Čağ. xv ff. sakalduruk (sic?; MS. sakaldurluk) ‘a string ('aqd) of pearls that \811\ women put over their heads so that it hangs below the chin like a beard’ San. 232V. 19.
811

Tris. V. SĞL-

D sağu:la:- (measure, weigh) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. sağu: (sa:ğu:) (measure, volume, some ?). Xak. xı er buğdaiy sağu:la:dı: ‘the man measured (kala) the wheat’ (etc.) Kaš. III 325 (sağu:la:r, sağu:la:ma:k).

D sakalduruklan- (throat strap (headstall)) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. sakalduruk (throat strap (headstall)); quoted only as a grammatical example. Xak. xı er sakalduruklandı:. ‘the man fastened the strap (xayf) of his hat’ Kaš. III 205, 14; n.m.e.

D sağlıklan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. sağlık (milch animal) . Xak. xı er sağklandı: ‘the man owned (milch) ewes’ (ni'ec) Kaš. II 275 (sağlıklanu:r, sağlıklanma:k).

D saklantur- (protect, protected) Caus. f. of saklan- (protect, protected); ‘to order (someone) to protect himself, be watchful’, and the like. S.i.s.m.l. in NW. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A MI 13, 4-5 (odğur-).

Dis. SĞM

D sağım (milking, yield (milking)) N.S.A. fr. sağ- (milk, доить); lit. ‘a single act of milking’, hence ‘the yield of one milking’. S.i.m.m.l.g. in this sense w. some phonetic changes, e.g. NC Kır. sa:m; Kzx. sawim: NW Kumyk savum; Nog. savım: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. sağım. See sakım. Xak. xı bi:r sağım sü:t qadr halba min laban the quantity of milk at one milking’ Kaš. I 397: Xwar. xıv sağım ‘a draught of milk’ Qutb 151.

D sakım (mirage) N.S.A. fr. sakı:- (see faintly, seem, recipr. of watch); ‘a (single) mirage’. Survives in NC Kır. sakim/zakim; Kzx. sağım; NW Kk., Kaz sağım (Kumyk, Nog. sağın; Tkm. salğım). Xak. xı KB (this world) sakım ol ‘is a mirage’ (if you go to see it, it continues to be visible, but if you try to grasp it it goes away and vanishes) 4759" Kip. xııı al-sareb ‘miragesa:ğım Hou. 5, 20: xv ditto Tuh. 85b. 11. •

D sokım , sukım (slaughter, knifing, stab) Preliminary note. The N.S.A. of sok- (beat, crush) is first noted in Čağ. XV ff. sokum 'slaughter cattle' San. 24$r. 24, and survives in this meaning in SE Türki sokum: NC Kır. soğum; Kzx. soğım.’ NW Kk. soğum; Nog. soğım. It is noted in Kip. Hou. 15,19; Bui. 7,14; Tuh. 31b. 8. The N.S.A. of suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) is noted in Kaš. but survives only (?) in SW Osm.

D sokim (stroke, blow, crush) N.S.A. of sok- (beat, crush)

D sukim (sokum) (socket, insertion, installation) (socket) N.S.A. fr. suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide); lit. ‘a single act of insertion’; in the phr. in Kaš. apparently ‘ (the whistle) (socket, or socketed whistle) in which (the arrow shaft) is inserted’. Survives in SW Osm. sokum ‘the act of insertion; the point of insertion’ (e.g. the point at which a horse’s tail joins the body). Xak. xı sukim the word for a piece of wood (xašaba) of which the interior is hollowed out; it is shaped in the form of a cone (al-šanübara) and pierced on three sides, and mounted on an arrow shaft; it is a whistle’ (al-šuferŋ; ‘the \\\ planet Mars’ is called bakır sukim (‘copper whistle’) after it Kaš. I 397; o.o. of bakır sukim I 360 (bakır; MS. sukum)\ III 40 (yultuz): (KB töpüdin savılmiš bakır 8ukm-a (sic) ‘Mars had descended from the zenith’ 4888: Kip. xıv see sağın).

D sıkma:n (wine-press, wine-press season) Dev. N. fr. sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı sikma:n ‘the season of pressing (atven 'ifir) the grapes in the autumn’ Kaš. I 444:xiv Muh. (?) (under ‘vintners’ implements’) al-mi’šara ‘wine-presssikma:n Rif. 162 (only).

Dis. SĞN

D sağın (milch ewe, milch camel) Intrans./Pass. Dev. N. fr. sağ- (milk, доить); syn. w. sağlık (milch animal). Survives in NC Kır. sa:n; Kzx. sawin; SC Uzb. soğın;NW Kk. sawin; Kaz. savin. Xak. (xi see sağınlığ) xıv Muh. (under 'camels’) al-haluba ‘milch camel sa:ğın Mel. 70, 11; Rif. 172 (MS. sa:ğır); Čağ. xv ff. sağın sildi sağılur koyun ‘a milch ewe’ Vel. 276 (quotns.); sağın gûsfand-i širder ditto San. 232V. 8: (Kıp. xııı see si:ğun: xıv šağan al-našl ‘arrow’; may be a muddle of sukım (slaughter, knifing, stab) Id. 59).

sağun (wise man)) n.o.a.b., perhaps a title, possibly foreign, rather than a N. Xak. (obvious a noun/adjective derivative of Türkic sag, sağ (-ğ- may be articulated silently) “wise, talented, foresighted”, from the stem sag- “mind, intelligence, acumen”, a synonym of Bilge (wise man))sağun laqab akebira Qarluq ‘a title of Karluk chiefs’; and a Turkish physician (al-fabtb) is called ata: sağun Kaš. I 403: KB (if a melon (kağun) has no flavour, you should throw it out) ay sağun 5111 (this, rhyming w. kağun, is obviously right, two MSS. have sığun (deer maral (male))).

sığan (straight, lank) Hap. leg. Xak. xı sığan sač al-ša'ru’l-sabip ‘straight lank hair’ Kaš. I 403.

sı:ğun (deer maral (male)) (used for lead animal in a herd) ‘the male maral deer’; clearly identified as such by the phr. sığun muyğak ‘male and female maral deer’. There are some odd occurrences w. a rounded vowel in the first syllable. Survives in NE Alt., Leb. Tel. 8iğın; Koib., Sag., Šor, Khak., Tuv. sı:n ‘maral deer’ and in SW, where there are no maral deer, Az;, Osm. sığın ‘elk’; Tkm. su:ğun ‘stag’. Türkü vııı tağda: sığu:n [gap] ‘the maral deer in the mountains... ’II W 5: vııı ff. toku:z arh: (?) sığum keyi:k men ‘I am a male maral deer with nine?’ (corrupt?) IrkB 60: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 35, 5-7 (eder-); Bud. the Hina-yena and Maheyena (‘Small’ and ‘Great Vehicle’) sects are metaph. described as koyn tartar sığun tartar karjli ‘the vehicle drawn by a sheep or a maral deer’, and yürtiŋ ud tartar uluğ kaplı ‘the great vehicle drawn by a white ox’ Hüen-ts. 2119-21: Civ. suğun (sic) it kulkakiga kelser 'if (the lot) falls on the maral deer or dog’s ear’ TT VII29, 4; o.o. H I 55 (ögi:-); II 22, 24: Xak. xı sı:ğun al-ayyil ‘deer’ (a non-specific word for several species): snğun oti: ‘a cultivated plant (nabt); its root is in the shape of a human being; it is used to treat sexual impotence’; its Pe. name is istarang (‘mandragora’); there are male and female (plants), the male (used to treat) males, and the female females; Sı:ğun (VU) samur the name of the place after which Buğra: Xa:n \8l2\ was named Kaš. I 409: KB sığun muyğak 'the maral stag and doe’ (frolic in the spring) 79; a.o. 5374; biligsiz sığun sen ağınap yor-a ‘you are an ignorant maral deer, go and roll on your back’ 6613 (a dubious verse, prob. spurious): xıv Muh. (l) al-ayyil sı:ğın Mel. 72, 11 (in one MS.): Čağ. xv ff. suğun (sic) 'a kind of wild bovine’ (getu-i kühŋ, called in Pe. gatcazn *elk' ( ?; a non-spccific term like al-ayyil) San. 244V. 25; suyğun gawazn, usually the male, but also the female; the male is also called buğu and the female maral (Mong. l.-w.s for ‘stag’ and ‘doe’) do. 249V. 1: Xwar. xıv sığun ‘stag’ (?) Qutb 164: Kip. xııı (among ‘wild animals’) al-aril (error for al-ayyill) šığın (vocalized šağ.tt; baqaru'l-ıvahš ‘wild bovine’ šığır keyik) Hon. 11, 7: xıv šığın baqaru'l-ıcahš Id. 58; šuwun al-ayyil; suwun keyik baqaru'l-ıvahš 61; a.o. do. 33 (bakıŋ; baqaru l-ıvahš sawan (sic, in error) keyik Bui. 10, 8; al-ayyil šığın do. 10, 14:xv baqaru l-ıvahš šıyın (in margin šığın) Tuh. 7b. 6 (there is obvious confusion between si:ğun and šığır here, but all these entries prob. belong here): Osm. xıv ff. sığın in several texts, mostly Pe. and Ar. dicts, translating gawazn, gaw-i wahšt, and the like TTS I 618; II 813; III ete; İV 680.
8l2

so:ğun (so:ğon) (soğan) (onion, snake, lovely, doctrine ?)onion’. See soğančığ (lovely, doctrine ?). An early l.-w. in Mong., w. Mong. Suff. -ğina as so'oŋğina (xx-onin with silent -ğ-) (xiv, Studies, p. 231) /soŋgina (Kow. 1386, Haltod 341). S.i.a.m.l.g. except SE, NC, usually as soğan, NE Alt., Tel. soğono; in SE, NC and some other languages displaced by Pe. piyaz. Cf. osğun (onion), kučkundı: (onion). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. soğunnı bıšurup ‘boil an onion and...’ II I 128; o.o.: do. 144-5 (satun); II 16, 11: Xak. xı so:ğun al-bašal ‘onion’, with either fatha or damma on the ğaytt; so:ğun yılarn al-huffat mina' l-hayydt ‘a large harmless snake’ Kaš. I 409: xıv Muh. al-bašal soğa:n Mel. 78, 3; Rif- 181: Čağ. xv ff. soğan piyaz, in Ar. bašal San, 244V. 24: Kom. xıv ‘onionsoğan CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-bašal (ya:wa: and more commonly) šo:ğa:n Hou. 8, 15: xrv šoğan ditto td. 59; Bui. 8, 7: xv ditto Kav. 63, 14 (so:ğa:n); Tuh. 7b. 12.

S suğun See sı:ğun (deer maral (male)) (used for lead animal in a herd).

D sukin See sukim (sokum) (socket, insertion, installation) (socket).

D sakınč (sa:kınč) (thought, concern, meditation, reflection, anxiety, uncertainty; hesitation) N.Ac. fr. sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); originally ‘thought’, hence ‘deep, anxious thought; anxiety’, and the like, survives in SC Uzb. soğinč: NW Kk., Nog. sağınıš; Kumyk sağınčanxiety’: SW Tkm. sa:ğınčuncertainty; hesitation’; concepts expressed in some other languages by other der. f.’s of sakın-. Türkü vııı ff. Man. Chuas. 118-19 (2 ö:g); neče yavlak sakınč sakınürbiz ‘whatever evil thoughts we think’ Chuas. 293-4; Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A (within a man’s body there are many) küčlükler körjüller biligler sakınčlar ‘strengths, mental activities, knowledges, and thoughts’ M III 9, 14-15 (ii); in do. 12, 2 (i) ff. is an enumeration of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sakınč: Man. TT II 17, 68-9 \\\ (bensiz): Bud. sakınč is common; (1) normally, ‘thought’, e.g. Sanskrit cittakalpa ‘way of thinkingsa:kınč TT VIII C.19; samkalpe ‘thoughts’ sarkınčlar do. E.2; a.o. do. H.3; ınča tep sakınč sakıntı ‘he thought as follows’ (thought a thought, думал думу) PP 45, 1-2; 56, 6; yek sakınčı ‘a diabolical thought’ do. 56, 5; o.o. U III 14, 13 (i) (sakınč sakınu); Î'T X passim, etc.; (2) 'meditation’ TT V 10, 87 (alagadtur-); (3) sakınč translating the Bud. technical term samjiid 'awareness, consciousness’ TT VI 160 (see p. 66, note 157); (4) küsüš sakınč seems to mean ‘wishes and aspirations’ TT X 501; UIV 14, 135: Civ. negü sakınč sakınsarsen bütmez ‘whatever ideas you have (thought) fail to come to fruition’ TT VII 28, 4; o.o. TT I no (t^trü), etc.: Xak. xı sakınč al-hamm ‘anxiety, concern’ Kaš. III 374; four o.o. translated al-hamm or al-huzn ‘grief’: KB ğariblik sakınčı sarığ kıldı eŋ ‘the worry (thought) of being a stranger made his cheeks yellow’ 498; sakınč usually occurs in antithesis to sevinč ‘pleasure’ (thought vs. feeling), e.g. 117 (1 kutur-); o.o. 913, 1087, 3549: xııı (?) At. (do not spend too much time on hope (amal), what I call ‘hope’ is uzun sanmak ‘meditating for a long time’) uzun sanma sakınč üküš kıl 'amal ‘do not spend a long time in meditation, concentrate on action’ 296; a.o. 426 (kadğu: (sorrow, grief, care, anxiety)): Tef. sakınč ‘thought, thoughts’ 259: Čağ. xv ff. (sakinma ayma sanma 'remembering, thinking’); sağınč (sic) also occurs with this meaning Vel. 275 (quotn.); sağınč (spelt) tasawwur wa andiša wa xayal ‘meditation, anxiety, reflection’ San. 232V. 9 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sakınč ‘thought’ Qutb 154: Kom. xıv ‘thought’ sağınč CCI, CCG; Gr.: Osm. xıv and xv sağınč (sic) (1) ‘thought’; (2) ‘anxiety’; (3) perhaps ‘hope, aspiration’ in five texts TTS I 587; II 778; III 585; IV 650.

Dis. V. SĞN-

D sağın- Preliminary note. The -k- of sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think) was voiced at an unusually early period, cf. sakınč (thought, concern, meditation, reflection, anxiety, uncertainty; hesitation). This may have been due to the fact that the first vowel was originally long, cf. the spellings of sakınč (i.e. sa:kınč) in TT VIII. Thus fr. xi there were two V.s sağın- (i.e. sakın- and sa:kın-). In Kaš. I sağmıš listed correctly between süsün- (butt, abut, thrust) and soğun- (cold, urinate); 2 sağın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think) is listed immediately before sakın-, three other V.s intervening between the two. Kaš.’s note shows that he was aware of the unusual status of 2 sağın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think).

D 1 sağın- (milk, доить) Refl. f. of sağ- (milk, доить); survives only (?) in SW Osm. sağın- ‘to yield milk, or, metaph., moisture’ R IV 265 (but few other authorities); Tkm. sağın- ‘to milk for oneself’. Xak. xı er koyun sağındı: ‘the man pretended to milk his sheep’ Kaš. II 152 (sağmu:r, sağtnma:k).

D 2 sağın- (sakın-) (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think) See sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think)
813

D sakın- (sa:kın-) (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (aka ponder, deem, meditate, plan, intend, conceive, alert, protect, wary, remember, imagine, keep distance) (think) Refl. f. of sa:k- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); originally simply ‘to think’; this meaning s.i.s.m.l., but in most it has come to mean ‘to think longingly about (something); to desire’, or ‘to think \813\ anxiously about something, to be worried’, and the like. In SW Osm. sakın- means ‘to take care of oneself, be cautious, be on one’s guard against (alert) and (Trans.) ‘to protect’. These are meanings appropriate to sakla-, saklan- and seem to be due to a folk etymology; in Tkm. se:ğın- (sic) means-‘to stop and think’. Other modern forms are NE sağın-: SE Türki sağın-, segin-: NC sağın- SC Uzb. soğin-: NW sağın-, More or less syn. w ö:- (think, meditate, remember) (awe), q.v. Türkü vııı sakın- ‘to think’, about a dozen occurrences, e.g. sakıntım 'I thought’ (if you try to distinguish between a lean and a fat ox from a distance, you cannot tell which is which) ınča sakıntım ‘that is what I thought’ T 5-6: vııı ff. (a woman put down her cup and bowl and went away) yana: edgü:ti: sakı:nmi:š ‘then she stopped and thought thoroughly’ (what am I doing?) IrkB 42; o.o. do. 58; Toy. III iv. 1 (ETY II 178), etc.: Man. Chuas. 293-4 (sakınč): Uyğ. vııı üč karluk yavlak sakınıp teze: bardı: ‘the Three Karluk (tribes) had evil thoughts and deserted me’ Šu. N 11: vııı ff. Man.-A M I 10, 19 (oyun); III 12, 7-9 (iii) (ö:- (think, meditate, remember) (awe)): Man. TT III 137 (etöz): Bud. sakın- ‘to think’ is common in such phr. as ınča tep sakıntı ‘he thought as follows’ PP 10, 7-8: sakınč sakın- do. 45, 1-2; 56, 6; U III 14, 13 (i) (sakınč) is syn.; w. the Ger. -ğalı/-geli it means rather ‘to plan, intend’, e.g. ölürğeli... sakınsar ‘if they plan (think) to kill’ Kuan. 27; Sanskrit na cimtayati ‘he does not think’ neg sa:kınma:sa:r TT VIII D.16; sa:kında:čı thinker’ do. C. 16; o.o. U II 9, 1 and 80,61 (ö:- (think, meditate, remember) (awe)); TT V 22, 21 (adirt); USp. 97, 25 (amru:); Hüen-ts. 1896 (kolu:la:-): Civ. ayığ sakınğučılar ‘those who think, or plan, evil’ TT I 141; a.o. do. 19 (see sakı:- (see faintly, seem, recipr. of watch)); sakınmıš kergek ‘one must think about, form a mental picture of’ (something) do. VII 15, 3 ff.; o.o. of sakın-, sakınč sakın- (28, 4 sakınč), and -ğalı sakın- in VII: Xak. xı ol maŋa: edgü: sağındı: (sic) zanna bt xayr wa admarra (sic) delika fi nafsihi ‘he thought well of me but concealed the fact’ (sağınu:r, sağınma:k); and one says er mendin sakındı: hadara 'anni ‘he was wary of me’; wa’l-qaf fi hede a slab mina'l-awwal ‘the velar sound in this is harder (more plosive) than in the first’ Kaš. II 153 (sakınu:r, sakınma:k); sakınma:sa: utsuka:r ‘if one does not think (yatafakkar, at the beginning of something) one is defeated’ I 242, 17; barmıš ne:gig sakınma: 'do not worry (tahtamm) about wealth that is lost’ III 361, 3; three o.o. translated zanna or tafak-kara: KB kutadmıš kiši kör sakınmıš kerek 'a fortunate man must be thoughtful’ 726; (speak your words well and) idi saknu ‘after deep thought’ 1008; o.o. 517, 1112, 4334 (ö:-): xııı (?) At. sakınthink carefully’ 173, etc.; a.o. 367 (e:t-); Tef. sakın- ‘to think; to think carefully, be cautious’ 259: xıv Muh. adtnara sa:ğın- Mel. 23, 1; (sa:xla- Rif. 103); fakkara ‘to think, pondersa:ğın- 30, 1 (PU bü:kšür- 113); zanna sa:ğın- 28, 11; 112; al-zann ša:ğınmak 37, 14; 124 (mis-spelt ṭalğınmak (with ṭ-)): Čağ. xv ff. sağın- \\\ (spelt) (1) yed kardan ’to remember, have in mind’; (2) tašavmmr kardan ‘to meditate, imagine’; (3) hadar kardan ‘to be wary’ San. 231 v. 16 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sağın- ‘to deem (to be)’ ’Ali 48: xıv sakın- ‘to think; to deem; to be wary’ Qutb 154: Kom. xıv ‘to think (of); to meditate’, etc. sağın- CCI, CCG; Gr. 211 (quotns.): Kip. xııı hadara sakın- Hou. 34, 19: xıv ṣağın- (with ṣ-) (vocalized ṣağan- (with ṣ-)) kasaba ‘to count, reckon’ İd. 58: xv in a para, on the Turkish equivalents of zanna as an Intrans. V., fakara wa tafakkara ṣağın- (with ṣ-) (MS. ṣağan- (with ṣ-)... zanna wa hasaba wa xala (‘to imagine, conceive’) ṣa:ğın- (with ṣ-) (MS. ṣağan-wa (with ṣ-) tap-) all other meanings of zanna ṣağın- (with ṣ-) (sic) Kav. 29, 5 ff.; taharrasa ‘to be warysakın- Tuh. 10a. 13; a.o. 14b. 9 (kizle:- cf. sakla:- (guard, protect)): Osm. xv sakın- ‘to protect’ in one text TTSIV654: xvı ‘to keep one’s distance’; in one text I 592: sağın- ‘to think’ II 778: xvııı sakın- in Rumi hadar kardan San. 232V. 14 (quotn.).

It should take an effort of an etymological linguist not to connect the dots between think and sa:k- both meaning “think”, given the indicators on the initial th-/s-, and the blurred phonetics that is Romanized with a cornucopia of phonetic conventions clearly reflecting a non-Roman phoneme: ṣ-/ṭ-/s- (ṣağ-/ṭalğ-/sak-), compare with OE þenc-, OFris. think-, OSax. thenk-, ONorse þekk-, hug-, OHG dench-, Gmn. denk-, Goth. þagk-. On top of the obvious phonetic parallelism, the semantic parallelism is not less striking, demonstrating nearly perfect paradigmatic transfer: OE “think, imagine, conceive in the mind; consider, meditate, remember, intend, wish, desire” vs. Türkic “think/reckon/ponder/deem/count, imagine, conceive/plan, consider/ponder/meditate, remember, intend, desire/wish”, plus metaphorical “worry, alert, wary, protect, keep distance”. The inlaut -n- points to a derivative of þa-, a common reflexive form close to þaŋ- with a nasal -ng “methink”.

Dis. V. SĞN-

D sığın- (harbor (safe), trust, rely) Refl. f. of sığ- (fit into, suit, fill); usually ‘to take refuge in or with (some place, someone, Dat.); to trust, rely on (someone Dat.)’. Survives in NC Kır., Kzx. sıyın-: SC Uzb. siğin-: NW Kk., Kumyk siym-: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. sığın-. NE Alt., Tel. sığın- ‘to shrink’ is a Sec. f. of sıkın-, Refl. f. of sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the hero Arjuna...) bilekin sığanıp ‘interlacing his forearms’ U II 25, 15-16 (this should prob. be read sikanip (sıkınıp) ‘pressing together’); (the maral deer...) y^rke yapšınu sığındılar ‘sought safety pressing themselves against the ground’ IV 34, 69: Xak. xı keyik turuğka: (MS. turağka:) sığındı: iltace'l-wahš ile'I -ma'qil ‘the wild animal took refuge in the place of shelter’; also used of anything that has taken shelter (leda) in something else; hence one says men teŋri:ke: sığınu:rmen a'üd bi'lleh ‘I ask God for protection’ Kaš. II 152 (sığınu:r, 8iğınma:k); a.o. II 160, 2e: KB sagar ok sığındım ‘I have asked Thee for protection’ 29; o.o. 451 (kö:šik), 2158, 3790, 5125: xııı (?) Tef. sığın- ‘to ask (God) for protection; to take shelter’ 258 (sağın-), 270: xıv Muh. iktanna ‘to hide oneself’ šığın- Mel. 23, 5; Rif. 104; al-iktinen sığınmak 35, 16; 121: Čağ. xv ff. sığın- (1) guncida šudan ‘to be contained in (something)’; (2) daxil wa multact šudan ‘to surrender, take refuge’ San. 253V. 7A (quotns.): Xwar. xııı sığın- ‘to rely on’ 'Ali 28 (and sığındır- ‘to cause to seek refuge’ 57): xıv ditto Qutb 151: Kom. xıv sığın/ sıyın- ‘to take refuge with’ CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı iltace mina'l-iltice šığın- Hou. 37, 8; leda mina'l-maled wa'l-iltice sığın- do. 43, le: xv iltace sıyın- (in margin sığın-) Tuh. 5a. 12; ittasa'a ‘to be expanded, filled’ (yayın-/) šıyın- do. 5b. 3; ta'assafa ‘to regret, be sorry’ sıvın- do. 9b. 9 (sic, dubious); rakana (‘to rely on’), wa iltace wa istanada (‘to have recourse to’) sıyın- (in margin sığın-) do. 17b. 8; leda wa iltace sıyın- do. 39a. 3.

VUD soğun- (soğın-)/suğun- (cold, urinate) Hap. leg.; in its first meaning Refl. f, of soğı:- (cold) (soggy); the meaning \814\ of the Ar. translation of the second phr. is disputed, but a Refl. f. of suğ- (drain) in the sense of ‘to drain oneself off’ would suit it. Xak. xı er soğundı: ‘the man became cold’ (tabarrada); and one says er suğundı: istateba’l-racul mina'l-bau'l ‘the man relieved himself of his urine’ (etc.) Kaš. I1 152 (soğunu:r, soğunma:k).
814

Dis. V. SĞN-

VUD sokun- (rub) this V. is vocalized both sıkın- and sokun- in Kaš. but the Uyğ. phr. points clearly to the latter; in the absence of an Indirect Obj. it can be taken as sokun- rather than sukun- with the basic meaning of ‘to rub oneself hard’ or the like, but this is not wholly satisfactory. SW Osm. xv to xvıı sokun- ‘to put (an ornament) on (one’s head); to plant (e.g. rose trees) in (the ground)’ represents an earlier *sukun-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. tıgrak bıčğu sač sokunğu künler ‘days for cutting the nails and washing the hair’ TT VII 32, 19-20; küskü künde sokunsar bay bolur ‘if a man washes it on a Mouse Day, he becomes rich’ do. 33, 2-3; a.o.o.: Uč xı urarğut bašın sokundı: iğtasalati’l-mara’a ‘the woman washed herself’ (should be ‘her head’); this is a word (luğa, used) in Uč Kaš. II 153 (sokunu:r, sokunma:k).

Tris. SĞN

PUD soğančığ (lovely, doctrine ?) pec. to Uyğ. Bud. where it is normally an epithet of nom ‘doctrine’ ((soğan) (onion, snake, doctrine ?)) and translates Chinese miaoexcellent, wonderful, lovely’ (Giles 7,857), see PP, p. 249, note 2. Prima facie a Dev. (rather than a Den.) ( makes it a deverbal noun with -ığ; homophones are a plenty) N./A. in -čığ, but as it has no plausible etymology it may be a l.-w. Kom. xıv ‘heelsowunčak CCI, Gr., which survives in NW Kar. T. soğančıx R IV 529, is obviously a different word. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. soğančığ bar atlığ ertini teg ‘like the lovely jewel called bara (Sanskrit)’ TT V 22, 31; soğančığ öq körk ‘lovely form’ (Sanskrit riipa) Suv. 164, 20; a.o. Kuan. 172; soğančığ ünlüg ‘with a lovely voice’ do. 203; with nom PP 46, 4 (tatığlığ); TT VI 25; Hüen-ts. 160, etc.

D sakınčlığ (sa:kınčlığ) (thoughtful, anxious, concerned) P.N./A. fr. sakınč (thought, concern, meditation, reflection, anxiety, uncertainty; hesitation); ‘having... thoughts’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit pepîyam ‘wicked’ a:yığ sa:kınčlığ TT VIII G.34; alku tınlığlarka edgü sakınčlığ ‘with kindly thoughts for all creatures’ USp. 43, 12-13; sakınčlığanxious’ U II 20, 4 (ata:): Xwar. xıv sakınčlığthoughtful’ Qutb 154.

D sakınčsız (sa:kınčsız) (thoughtless) Priv. N./A. fr. sakınč (thought, concern, meditation, reflection, anxiety, uncertainty; hesitation); n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. sakınčsız süzük kögüllüg ‘with a pure mind, free from (anxious) thoughts’ TT IX 95: Xak. xı KD (associate freely with the farmers and) boğuzdm sigar sen sakınčsız tiril ‘and so far as your throat (i.e. food needs) is concerned live free from care’ 4401.

D sakinuk (sa:kinuk) (thoughtful, thinker, cautious) Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. sakın- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); ‘thoughtful; a profound thinker; cautious’, and the like. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı KB sakinuk is fairly common as an epithet of commendation; (listen to the words of) snkl-nuk kiši ‘the thoughtful man’ (the thoughtful man is a leader of men) 1063; o.o. 58 (te:tik), 1266, 1442, 2186 (2 uruğluğ): xııı (?) Tef. taqi ‘God-fearing’ sakinuk 259: (Xwar. xıv saknukluk ‘caution; thoughtfulness’ Qutb 153): Osm. xıv (God accepts the sacrifices of) sakınıklardan ve eyülerden ‘the pious and good’ TTS I 592.

?D sağnağu: (pustule, gourd, dry) Hap. leg.; al-qar’ means both ‘a gourd’ and ‘a pustule’; either might be meant here. Prima facie a Dev. N. of the same form as karnağu:, q.v., which it follows, but with no obvious etymological connections. Xak. xı sağnağu: al-qar’u'1-yebis (‘dry’) Kaš. I 491.

D sağınlığ (milk, доить) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. sağın (milk, доить). Xak. xı sağınlığ er ‘a man who owns milch animals’ (halaib) Kaš. I 499.

D soğunluğ (oniony) P.N./A. fr. so:ğun (onion); survives in SW Osm. soğanlı. Xak. xı soğunluğ ta:ğ ‘a mountain full of wild onions’ (al-'unšul) Kaš. I 499.

Dis. SĞR

1 sağır (battue hunt) ‘a game battue’; n.o.a.b. Several Kip. authorities use this spelling for sığır, but that is prob. a mere error. Not connected with sağırdeaf’, a word of unknown origin first noted in xıv Muh. Mel. 46, 7; Rif. 139 and Kip. xıv Id. 58 (šağır), 60 (šanğıır) and surviving in SW Osm. Türkü vııı ff. IrkB 63 (ičre:): Xak. xı sağır (first syllable unvocalized) ‘a kind of hunt (šayd) by the king and common people; the king scatters (yabutt) the people in thickets and open spaces (al-acem tca’l-fayafi) to collect the wild animals (al-wuhtİš) and drive them towards him, and he stands and shoots at his own convenience (bavn yadayhi) without tiring himself out looking for them’ Kaš. I 364.

F 2 sa:ğır (cup, goblet, rhyton, jug) no doubt l.-w. fr. Pe. sağarcup, goblet’; Kaš.’s translation suggests that it was a sort of rhyton. Cf. sağrak. Xak. xı sa:ğır maxriif ka-hay'ati'1-minhez yucal fîhi’l-šarSb ‘a conical vessel in the shape of a mortar in which wine is put’ Kaš. I 40e: xıv JWuh. (?) laysa fî'l-küz ma ‘there is no water in the jugsa:ğarda: su: yo:k Rif. 92 (prob. the Pe. word itself).

sığır (cow, large bovine) ‘a large bovine’, perhaps a generic term; the exact meaning is discussed, not quite completely or accurately, in Shcherbak, p. 96. It can hardly originally have meant ‘cow’ since that was inge:k, q.v. Survives in SE Türki sigir/siyir ‘cow’: NC. Kır., Kzx. sıyır ‘cow’: SC Uzb. sigir ‘cow’: NW Kar. sığır ‘ox’; sıyır ‘cow’ (Shcherbak); Kk., Kumyk, Nog. sıyır ‘cow’; Kaz. siyer ‘cow’: SW Az. sığır ‘large bovine’; Osm. sığır ‘bull, cow, ox, buffalo’; Tkm. sığır ‘cow’. Xak. xı sığır al-baqar ‘bovine’; su:v sığırı: al-cemiis ‘ (water) buffalo’, that is ‘water bovine’ Kaš. I 364; o.o., same translation II 79, 21 (mügreš-); 189 (süsgir-): xıv Muh. al-baqar \815\ sığır/šığır Mel. 7, 14; 71, 1; Rif. 72, 172; ‘the ox year’ sığır yı:lı: 80, 18; 185 (cf. u:d (bovine, ox)): Čağ. xv ff. sığır (spelt) gew-i nar ‘a male bovine’ San. 254i". 3 (and several phr.): Xwar. xıv sığır ‘bovine’ Qutb 151 (sağıŋ, 164: Kom. xıv ‘ox’ sığır; ‘buffalo’ su Biğır CCI; Gr.: Kıp. xııı baqaru’l-ıvahš šığır (MS. šağıŋ keyik Hou. xı,7; al-baqar muflaqa ‘a generic term for bovines’ šığır (šağıŋ do. 14, 8; al-cetnüs šu: sığırı: (unvocalized) do. 14, 20: xıv šığır al-baqar İd. 58; Bul. 7, 7; al-cötnüs šu: šığın: (/gemus) do. 7, 10; baqaru'l--tvahš šawan keylk/keyik šığır do. 10, 8: xv šır/šığır al-baqar Kav. 5, 19; al-baqara ‘cow’ šığır (šağır) do. 62, 2; baqara (İnek/) sığır Tuh. 7b. 6 (and see sı:ğun (deer maral (male)) (used for lead animal in a herd)).
815

VU suka:r Hap. leg.; Aor. Participle, used as a N., prob. of suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide) in the sense of ‘one who pushes (with his forehead)’ (but has no horns to pierce with). Xak. xı suka:r ‘any animal that has no horns, or any man that has no hair on his head’ (so that it is) like his temples (nahwa'l--šudğayıŋ like the Turks (ka’l- Turkiya); hence one says suka:r ko:y ‘a hornless (camına) sheep’ Kaš. I 411.

VU ?F suğur (marmot)marmot’; Benveniste suggested in Journal asiatique, vol. 236, Pt. 2, p. 184 that this is a l.-w. fr. Pe. suğur, but that means ‘porcupine’; al-wabr is a small fur-bearing animal which hibernates (Red. ‘the Syrian coney, Hyrax syriacus’ in Osm.). Xak. xı suğur al-wabr, wahwa duwaybba šibhu'l-waral ‘the marmot, a small animal like (? the size of) a large poisonous lizard’ (Red. ‘the white-throated regenia or varan, Regeniaalbogularis'); its skin is used to make rain-coats (al-mimtar) Kaš. I 363; a.o. II 227 (tončuk-): Kip. xııı (among ‘wild animals’, ol-samür ‘sable’ šawšar (corruption of Pe. sıısmeŋ...) al-nims ‘weasel, ferret, etc.’ šu:ğır (sic) šawša:r Hou. 11, 14.

sağrı: (raw hide, horse leather, surface) originally ‘raw hide’; thence ‘leather from the hindquarters of a horse’, and thence ‘the hindquarters of a horse’; in this sense s.i.a.m.l.g. w. large phonetic changes, e.g. NE Tuv. sa:r: NC Kır. so:ru, Kzx. sawir: NW savrl/sawn/savir; the origin of English ‘shagreen’. Xak. xı sağrı: ‘raw hide’ (al-zarğab); and ‘the surface’ (adim) is called sağrı:; hence one says ye:r sağrı:si: ‘the surface and face (wa wachuhu) of the ground’, and kiši: sağrı:si: yü:z ‘a man’s hide is his face’, because it is the hardest and thickest part of his skin and endures heat and cold Kaš. I 421; o.o.1152 (etüklüg); III 350 (kırtlšla:-): xıv Muh. (under ‘cobblers’ wares’) kimuxt (Pe.) ‘thick leather’ sağrı: Mel. 59, 14; Rif. 158: Čağ. xv ff. sağrı: (spelt) kafal ‘the hindquarters’, and metaph. ‘the hide (püst) on the hindquarters of a horse or ass, which is tanned’, in Pe. kimuxt San. 232r. 1: Kom. xıv ‘leather’ sağrı CCI; savn CCG; Gr.

sığra: (ravine, valley, space between two fingers) Hap. leg.; being Oğuz perhaps a l.-w. Atalay plausibly suggests a connection w. Kip. xıv Šığrak me bayna’l-ašbu'ayn ‘the space between two fingers’ Id. 58; a l.-w. might well \\ occur in two forms. Oğuz xı sığra: al-facc wa'l-wedi ‘ravine, valley’ Kaš. I 422.
815

D sukru: (insertion, thrust, fill, stuffing, concealment) Hap. leg.; Ger. of *sukur- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide), Caus. f. of suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide), used as an Adv. Xak. xı one says evke: sukru: kirdim ‘I entered the house intruding without permission’ (demira (n) min ğayr idn; i.e. ‘pushing my way in’) Kaš. I 422.

DF sagra:k (cup, goblet, rhyton, jug)cup, goblet’; prima facie a Dim. f. of 2 sa:ğır (cup, goblet, rhyton, jug), but Steingass lists this as a Pe. word and both may be Pe. Survives in SW Osm. (Red. 1060). Xak. xı sağra:k ‘a cup or goblet (al-qa'b wa'l-kas) out of which one drinks’ Kaš. I 471 (prov.); o.o. I 100, 7; 468, 8: xııı (?) Tef. sağrak ‘cup’; xıv Muh. al-küs ‘jug’ sakra:k Mel. 69, 7; sağra:k Rif. 170; al-qihf ‘cranium’ ba:š sağra:kı: 46, 2; 139: Čağ. xv ff. sağrak küza-i lûlader ‘a jug with a spout’; also pronounced sığrak San. 232V. 2; reverse entry 253V. 28: Xwar. xıv sağrak ‘goblet’ Qutb 151: Kom. xıv ‘cranium’ savrak CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv sağrak al-huneb ‘a wooden bowl’ id. 58: Osm. xıv ff. sağrak (occasionally in xıv soğrak) ‘cup, goblet’, etc.; c.i.a.p. TTS I 589; II 779; III 581; IV 651.

Dis. V. SĞR-

?E sağur- See suğur- (drain).

sıkır- (whistle) ‘to whistle’; survives only (?) in NE Küer. sıkır-/sıkkır- R IV 609-12; Khak., Tuv. sığır-; there does not seem to be any widely distributed word for ‘to whistle’. Xak. xı kuš sıkırdi: ‘the bird whistled’ (šaffara); and one says kiši: sıkırdı: ‘the man whistled’ Kaš. II 83 (sıkra:r, sıkırma:k): xıv Muh. (?) šaffara šı:kır- Rif. 111 (only); al-safir sıkı:rmak 176 (Mel. 73, 11 ča:ğırmak).

D sığur- (insert, fit) Caus. f. of sığ- (fit into, suit, fill); ‘to insert, or fit (something Acc., into something Dat.)'. N.o.a.b. Cf. sığtur- (fit into, suit, fill) and see sikur- (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress). Xak. xı ol u:nuğ ka:bka: sığurdı: ‘he inserted (1adxala wa anca’a) a large quantity of flour into a small container’ (al-zarf); also used of other things when he fitted them (awsa'ahu) into something by force and pressure (bi-šidda wa rakl) Kaš. II 81 (sığurur, sığurma:k): KB (I have heard what you said and) kögülke sığurdım am ‘have driven it into my mind’ 3860: Čağ. xv ff. sığur- (-dı, -ğay) šığur- Vel. 287 (quotn.); sığur- (spelt) Caus. f. of sığ- (fit into, suit, fill), guncenidan 'to cause to be contained; to fit (something into something)’ San. 2S3r- x9 (quotns.): Osm. xıv and xv sığur- ditto; in a few texts TTS II813; III 617; /F681.

PUD sikur- (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress) the V. in the Uyğ. texts below does not obviously have the same meaning as sığur- (fit into, suit, fill) and may be a Caus. f. of sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress), lit. ‘to cause to squeeze’ or the like. Uyğ. vııı ff. Men. uluğ yarlıkančučı kögülüg üze olarnı barča sıkurup ‘pressing them all with your great compassionate mind’ TT III 90-100; 118-19: Bud. (we have sent a modest gift) küsüšümüz ol sıkurup alı yarkkazun ‘our wish is that he may deign to take it to himself (?) and accept it’ Hüen-ts. 2026-7.
816

VUD suğur- (extract, drain, suck out, suck in, absorb) Caus. f. of suğ- (drain); ‘to have (something Acc.) drained off (something Abl.)’ and the like. Consistently spelt sağur- in the main entry in Kaš., but this is clearly an error. Survives in NC Kır. su:r-; Kzx. suir- ‘to draw (sucked out, extracted) (a sword), pull out (sucked out, extracted) (teeth), winnow (suck out, extract) (grain)’: SC Uzb. suğur- ditto: NW Kk. suvvir-; Kaz. suir-; Kumyk suvur-; Nog. suvir- ditto. Xak. xı er su:v suğurdı: ‘the man gulped down (sucked in) ('abba) the water’; and one says kum su:v suğurdı: ‘the sand absorbed (naššafa) the water’: Karluk xı ol kurut suğurdı: ‘he drained off (sucked out, extracted) (atıša/a) the liquid from the dried curd cheese (i.e. cheese) (al-aqit) so that it became cheese (i.e. dried curd)’: Barsğa:n xı ol yoka:ru: ya:rın suğurdı: ‘he spat (bazaqa) towards the skv’; the other (Turks) say sodtı: Kaš. II 80 (suğurur, suğurma:k (see above); prov.); a.o. suğurdı: II 15 (suğ- (drain)): Čağ. xv ff. suğur- (-dı, etc.) čıkar- ‘to draw out, pull out (suck out)’ Vel. 296 (quotns.); suğur- (spelt) ‘to pull (extract) or bring (birûn kašîdan 10a dar-awardan) something out (extract) of something else’, e.g. (extract) a sword from the scabbard, (extract) an arrow from a wound, (extract) a hair from milk San. 244V. 6 (quotns.).
suğrut- (pulled out, pulled about, filled)
suğruš- (drain, absorb)
sağurul- (drain, absorb, sucked)

D suğrut- (pulled out, pulled about, filled) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. (double Caus. f.) of suğur- (extract, drain, suck out, suck in, absorb); lit. ‘to have (things) pulled out, pulled about’, etc. Xak. xı ol anıŋ evin suğruttı: (MS. suğrattı:) ‘he searched (bahata) his house, and saw everything that was (stuffed) in it’ Kaš. II 332 (suğrutu:r, suğrutma:k).

VUD sığrıš- (harbor (safe), trust, rely) Hap. leg.; second syllable unvocalized; Caus. f. of sığur- (fit into, suit, fill) with a meaning parallel to that of sığın- (harbor (safe), trust, rely), ‘to provide shelter for one another’ or the like. Xak. xı ola:r bi:r bi:rke: sığrıšdı: ‘they strengthened (or supported, makkaita) (relied) one another’ Kaš. II 212 (sığrıšu:r, sığrıšma:k).

D sıkrıš- (whistle) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sıkır- (whistle). Xak. xı ula:r barča: sıkrıšdı: ‘the partridges all whistled (šajfarat) together’; also used of snakes, etc., when they whistle (or hiss) Kaš. 7/213 (sıkrıšu:r, sıkrıšma:k).

D suğruš- (drain, absorb) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of suğur- (extract, drain, suck out, suck in, absorb) with a connotation of totality. Xak. xı kumla:r su:vuğ suğrušdı: (MS. suğrašdı:) ‘the sand (completely) absorbed (tanaššafat) the water’ (etc.) Kaš. II 212 (suğrušu:r, suğrušma:k; re’ unvocalized).

Tris. SĞR

?D sığırčuk (starling, partridge, quail, dove, grasshopper) the form, Dim. f. fr. sığır (cow, large bovine), is deceptive, and perhaps cloaks a l.-w.; a kind of small bird, original meaning obscure; survives, meaning ‘starling’, in SC Uzb. čuğurčik: NW Kumyk sıyırtğıš: SW (Az. sığırčın); Osm. sığırcık. NE Tel. sığırčıkgrasshopper’ like other NE words sığırtkı/sığırtkıč is prob. der. fr. sıkır- (whistle) and not connected. Xak. xı sığırčuk (MS. sığırčık) al-tayhûc (l.-w. fr. Pe. tihu) ‘partridge’, or ‘quail’ ? Kaš. I 501; sığırčuk (sûŋ ditto I 505, 24:xiv Muh. zurzür ‘starling’ sığırčuk Mel. 73, 3; Rif. 17e: (Čağ. xv ff. sığırčın ‘a black bird with white spots’, in Pe. ser ‘starling’ San. \\ 254r. 4): Kom. xıv ‘dove’ (?) sığırčık CCI", (Jr.: Kip. xııı al-zurzur šığırcuk Hou. 10, 10: xıv ditto Bui. 11, 14: xv zurzür sıyıršık (sic) Tuh. 18a. 11: Osm. xvııı sığırcık/ sığırčuk the same as (Čağ.) sığırcın, ser; also called sığır kušı San. 254r. 5.

sakırku: (tick) ‘a tick’; perhaps a l.-w. Survives in SW Osm. sakırğa; Tkm. sakırtğa and prob. NE Tuv. sarği; NW Kumyk kasırtğa; Nog. kasartki; most other languages use Pe. kana. Xak. xı sakırku: (qaf carries both fatha and kasra) al-qurad ‘a tick’ Kaš. I 489: Kip. xıv šakurğa: al-qurad Id. 59: xv qurad (VU köne; Tkm. kıšılfıkı; in margin) šakırğa Tuh. 29a. 12.

sıkırka:n (rat large kind) ‘a kind of large rat’; perhaps a l.-w. Pec. to Kaš. Xak. xı sıkırka:n ‘a kind of large rat’ (mŋia’l-ciraden) Kaš. I 521; sıčğa:n takı: sıkırka:n al-curd wa’l-fdra ‘rats and mice’ II 263, 22.

VUD sokarlač (tall, carded-wool?) Hap. leg.; prob. a l.-w.; the Suff. -lač, which is very rare, is prob., like -va:č, foreign (? Iranian). (sok- (beat, strike, crush, dig, pierce, peck, bite, card (wool), Caus. f. sokar, here (card (wool))) Xak. xı sokarlač börk ‘a tall (al-faıvi/a) (carded-wool) hat’ Kaš. I 493.

D sığırlığ (cattle-owner) P.N./A. fr. sığır (cow, large bovine); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı sığırlığ er ‘a cattle-owner’ (dü baqar) Kaš. I 495.

VUD suğurluğ (marmoty) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. suğur (drain, absorb). Xak. xı suğurluğ ta:ğ ‘a mountain full of marmots’ (wabŋ Kaš. I494.

Tris. V. SĞR-

VUD sağurul- (drain, absorb, sucked) Hap. leg.; if this could be read as suğurul- (drain, absorb) (the script is Uyğ., and such a mistake is possible), Pass. f. of suğur- (extract, drain, suck out, suck in, absorb), which gives reasonable sense. Türkü vııı ff. Man. (because they did not know the beneficent God) sağurulğay örtengey otluğ tamu ičinde ‘they will be sucked down and burnt in fiery hell’ Mill 7, 11 (ii).

D sığırla:- (cow, large bovine) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. sığır (cow, large bovine). Xak. xı ol am: sığırla:dı: ‘he reckoned that he was an ox (baqar) and traced his ancestry back to one’ (nasabahu ilayhi) Kaš. III 331 (sığırla:r, sığırla:ma:k).

D sağrı:la:- (raw hide, horse leather, surface) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. sağrı: (raw hide, horse leather, surface). Xak. xı ol kö:nüg sağrı:la:dı: ittaxada'l--cild zarğab ‘he made the skin into raw hide’ Kaš. III 353 (sağri:la:r, sağrı:la:ma:k).

Dis. SĞŠ

D sakıš (sa:kıš) (thought, reckoning, counting, calculation, countless, number, decide, care, worry) Dev. N. fr. sa:k- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); originally ‘counting, calculation’; in the medieval period in some languages it came to mean ‘thought, care, worry’, and so more or less converged w. sakınč (thought, concern, meditation, reflection, anxiety, uncertainty; hesitation); survives in this sense as sağıš/sağıs in most NE languages and NW Kaz., R IV 270. Uyğ. vııı II. Bud. ayığ kılınčlarımız sanı sakıšı idi yok ‘our evil deeds are quite innumerable (Hend.)’ TT IV 6, 25; a.o. VI 54: Civ. beš grahalar yorıkı sakıš (sic not sayıš, see facsimile) ‘enumeration of the \817\ movements of the five planets (Sanskrit l.-w.)’ TT VII 1,5; beš otuz sakıšnumber 25’ do. 21,3; a.o.o.: Xak. xı (I was counting ('adadtu) the revolutions of the Great Beaŋ sakıš ičre: künüm tuğdı: 'and while I was counting them (ft dalika'l-'adad) my sun rose’ Kaš. III 247, 25; n.m.e.: KB (the gold and silver which I have collected lies idle) maga tegdl sakıš anıgdın ültlš ‘my (only) share in them is counting them’ 1363; o.o. 9 (katıl-), 367 (tüket-), 2220 (seč- (choose, select, pick out, peck, клевать), sakla:- (guard, protect)), 4048 (ağıčı:): xııı (?) Tef. sakıšcounting, calculation’ 260: XIV Muh. yawmu’l-hisöb ‘the day of reckoning8a:ğıš gü:n Mel. 44, 14; Rif. 138 (sa:kıš): Čağ. xv ff. sağıš šumera wa hiseb ‘computation, reckoning’ San. 232V. 6 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv sakıšthought, reckoning’ Qutb 154; sakıš kıldılar ‘they counted up’ Nahc. 119, 5; sakıšı yok ‘are innumerable’ do. 260, 4: Kom. xıv sakıš et- ‘to decide’ (to do something): Kip. xııı al-hiseb ša:ğıš Hou. 22, 2: xıv sağıš ditto Id. 58; al-adad ša:ğıš Bul. 12, 10: Osm. xıv ff. sağıšcalculation; numbering’; common down to xvııı TTS I 588; II 778; III 586; IV 650.
817

D sıkıš (crowding, colliding) Dev. N. (with Recip. connotation) fr. sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress); n.o.a.b. (Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sıkıš in U II 73, 2 (iii) seems to be a misreading of sıkığ): Xak. xı sıkıš al-zahma wa’l-tašedum:crowding together, colliding’ Kaš. I 368.

E sakšı See sakız (gum, resin, wax, mastic) Uyğ. Civ.

Dis. V. SĞŠ-

D sağıš- (milk, доить) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sağ- (milk, доить), Xak. xı ola:r Ikki: sü:t sağıšdı: 'those two competed in milking’ (fi halbi’l-taban); also used, for helping Kaš. II 101 (sağıšu:r, sağıšma:k).

D 1 sıkıš- (crowded, compressed, urgent) Co-op. f. of sık- (sığ-) (squeeze, press, compress, distress, depress); survives in SW Az. sıxıš-; Osm. sıkıš- ‘to be crowded together, compressed; to be urgent’, and the like. Xak. xı ol maga: üzüm sıkıšdı: ‘he helped me to press (fi ’ašr) the grapes’; also for to compete (MS. in error ‘to help’); and one says kiši: sıkıšdı: ‘the people crowded together (izdahama) until the place was full’ Kaš. II 104 (sikıšu:r, sıkıšma:k).

2 sıkıš- (fuck, have sex) (OTD, in mixed spelling) jazïnmïšda, katıl-, kavıš-, qatïl-, qavïš-, uvutsuz, sik-, sikiš-, uvutsuzluk, uvutsuzluq, uwutsuz, uwutsuzluq, yazınmıšda, совокупляться; совершать половой акт (fuck, have sex)

D soğıš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of soğı:- (cold) (soggy) with a connotation of totality. Xak. xı ö:d (time) soğıšdı: (MS. soğušdı:) tatoaccaha'l-zamen li’l-burüda ‘the season tended to coldness’ (i.e. the cold season came) Kaš. II 101 (soğıšu:r, soğıš-ma:k, sic).

D sokuš- (beat, crush, meet) Recip. f. of sok- (beat, crush); properly ‘to beat, crush one another’, and the like, but in the early period often ‘to meet, encounter one another’ with no implications of violence. S.i.a.m.l.g. in NE, NC, NW soğuš-/soğıš-, and the like, in SE, SC, SW sokuš- usually meaning ‘to beat one another, to fight’. There seems to be no certain occurrence of sukuš-. Türkü vııı ff. sokuš- ‘to meet (someone, usually Dat., once Acc.)’ is common IrkB .2 and 16 (utru:), 6 (toguz), ,27, k 35, 47 (öme:le:-), SĞ;Z 817

49: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. PP 18, 1 (kikšür-): Civ. tütüške sokušur ‘one gets involved in a quarrel’ TT VII 36, 5; bay bolur edgU yultuzka sokušur ‘one becomes rich and meets a lucky star’ do. 37, 3-4: Xak. xı ol maga: tu:z sokušdı: ‘he helped me to crush (fi daqq) the salt’ (etc.); also used for competing Kaš. II 104 (sokušu:r, sokušma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sokuš- (1) ba-y ak digarfurü bur dan ‘to carry one another down’ (perhaps sukuš-, see suk- (insert, thrust, fill up, stuff, hide)); (2) ‘to bite (gaztdan) one another’ San. 245r. 15.

Tris. SĞŠ

D sakıščı: (accountant) N.Ag. fr. sakıš (thought, reckoning, counting, calculation, countless, number, decide, care, worry); ‘accountant’ and the like. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı KB (the waziŋ sakıšcı kerek bolsa bilge tetik ‘must be a knowledgeable and quick-witted accountant’ (. . . the whole work of a wazir is sakıšlar ‘calculations’) 2218: xıv Muh. hesib ‘accountant’ sa:ğıščı: Mel. 57, 5; sa:kıščı: Rif- 155.

D sakıšlığ (thinking) P.N./A. fr. sakıš (thought, reckoning, counting, calculation, countless, number, decide, care, worry); survives in some NE and NW languages as sağıštığ, sağıštu:, sağıslı, etc. R IV 272 for ‘having a... mind or disposition; intelligent; anxious’, etc. Xak. xı KB (he managed all his affairs, and) sakıš-lığ bitip kodtı barča barın ‘made a written list, with figures, of all his property’ 1722; a.o. 2997: xııı (?) Tef. sakıšlığ ‘having a (predetermined) number’ 260.

D sıkıšlık Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. sıkıš; ‘worry, concern’, etc. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. TT VIII B.6 (azkina:).

D sakıšsız (incalculable, innumerable) Priv. N./A. fr. sakıš (thought, reckoning, counting, calculation, countless, number, decide, care, worry); ‘incalculable, innumerable’. Syn. w., and often used in Hend. w., sansız. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sansız sakıšsız teŋriler yekler ‘innumerable gods and demons’ TT VI 431: (Xak.) xııı (?) Tef. sansız sakıšsız 2el(under san): Xwar. xıv sakıšsız ‘countless’ Qutb 154 (under sakıš); sansız sakıšsız Nahc. 399, 1.

Dis. SĞZ

sağız/sakız (gum, resin, wax, mastic) Kaš. distinguishes these two words, but the meanings are very similar; perhaps both are later forms of *sa:kiz, but the Tkm. f. is sakız. S.i.a.m.l.g., meaning ‘gum, resin’, and the like, in a wide range of forms: NE sağıs/sagıs/sa:s R IV 269, 287, 394: SE Türki segiz: NC sağız: SC Uzb. sakič (sic): NW sağız/sakkız: SW Osm., Tkm. sakız; Čuv. soxer/suxer Ash. xı 218. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. kulak sakzı bolsa ‘if he has wax in the ears’ HI 56 (not sakšt ‘dirty’ as suggested by Arat); a.o. II 28, 137: Xak. xı sağız al-ilk ‘gum, resin’: sağız topra:k al-šalšel wa’l-ftnu’l-hurr ‘clay (or loam), unadulterated clay’: sakız hull luzûca ‘any viscous substance’ which sticks to the clothes, like thickened fruit-juice (^/-r«Z>ŋ, etc. Kaš. I 365: xıv Muh. (al-misk ‘musk’ yipa:ŋ al-kundur ‘frankincense’ sakız Rtf. 162 (in Mel. 63, 15 yipa:r has fallen out and ka:šlık, q.v., has come under al-kunduŋ: Čağ. xv ff. \818\ sakkız (so spelt) 'a gum (sawgŋ which flows from a tree’, in Ar. 'ilku'l-butm (‘turpentine’) San. 232V. 22: Kom. xıv ‘gum mastic’ sakız CCI; Gr. : Kip. xııı al-'ilk sakız Hou. 18, 9.
818

D *sığız See sığza:-. (insert, inset)

D sığza:ğ (insert, inset) (zigzag) Dev. N. fr. sığza:- (insert, inset); lit. ‘something inserted or fitted in (between two things)’; survives in SW Osm. sığza ‘the gusset of a garment’ (Sami 847). Xak. xı sığzağ (MS. sığzrğ) al-kalb tvahwa sayr yucal bayn al-xarzatayn fi'l-xuff ua nahtcihi ‘the strip of leather which is put between the two rows of stitches in a boot and the like’ (the boot in this ense seems to have been a top boot with a narrow strip of leather inserted (at the front or more probably the back) between the two edges of the piece of leather forming the main part of the top); sığzağ (MS. sığztg) ‘a patch’  (al-ru'ba) between two things; and ‘a toothpick’ (xihilu'l-asnan) is called tı:š sığzarğı: Kaš. I 464: Kip. xıv šığza: tawqu’l-qamts ‘the collar of a shirt’ Id. 58.

Dis. V. SĞZ-

D sığza:- (insert, inset) Hap. leg., but see sığza:ğ (insert, inset); Den. V. fr. *sığız Dev. N. fr. sığ- (fit into, suit, fill) meaning ‘something inserted or fitted in’; ‘to insert, or fit (something between two other things)’. Xak. xı ol tı:š sığza:dı: ‘he picked (xallala) his teeth with a tooth-pick’; and one says ol etik yi:sin (first ye' undotted) sığza:dı: cadara'l--kalb fi'l-xuff ‘he fitted the strip of leather (between the two seams) in the boot’ (see sığza:ğ); also used of anything when it has been inserted (udxila) between two things under pressure (bi-tadviq) Kaš. III 283 (sığza:r, sığza:mn:k).

D sığzal- (inserted, inset) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of sığza:- (insert, inset). Xak. xı bi:r ne:ŋ bi:rke: sığzaldı: ‘one thing was inserted (tadaxxala) into another under pressure’ (bi-kulfa); as a handle is forced into the socket of an axe or spade and fixed (yaštadd) in it, or a strip of leather is inserted between the two rows of stitches (in a boot) Kaš. II232 (sığzalu:r, sığzalma:k).

Tris. SĞZ

sağızğa:n ‘magpie’; an old animal name ending in b. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. various phonetic changes, with a metathesis only in SW Az. sağzağan; Osm. saksağan. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. TT VI 95 (kızıl): Xak. xı kuš yavuzı: sağızğa:n (MS. sağzığa:n) ‘the worst (kind of) bird is a magpie’ (al-'aq'aq) Kaš. I 439, 6; n.m.e.: xıv Muh. al-'aq'aq sağıs-ğa:n Mel. 73, 3; Rif. 176 (vocalized sığsiğa:n): Čağ. xv ff. sakızğan šağšagan Vel. 276; saksağan (sic) kaleğ-i ablaq ‘magpie’, in Ar. 'aq'aq San. 232V. 22: Kip. xııı al-'aq'aq ša:ğızğa:n (? ; unvocalized) Hou. 10, 19: xıv sağasğan al-'aq'aq-, Tkm. sakasğan Id. 58 (one MS. has different vocalization); al-'aq'aq sağsağan (sic) Bui. 12, e: xv abtl zurayq ‘crow’) wa'l-aq'aq šağšağan Tuh. 4b. 10.

Dis. SĞZ

D sağızlığ/sakızlığ P.N./A. fr. sağız/sakız; s.i.s.m.l. w. similar phonetic changes. Xak. xı sağızlığ er ‘a man who owns chewing gum’ ('ilk yumdağ) : sağızlığ ye:r ‘ground containing unadulterated clay’ (fina hurra): sakızlığ to:n ‘a garment with viscous substances sticking to it’ (ta'alluqu'l-luziicat fihŋ Kaš. I 495.

Mon. SG

1 sik (sex, penis) ‘penis’; homophonous w. sik- (copulate) (sex). Survives in SW Osm. and perhaps elsewhere, but the kind of word deliberately omitted fr. many dicts. Xak. xı sik 'ardu'l-racul ‘penis’; followed by a para, saying that in reading the Koran before audiences of Turkish men and women it is customary to omit Ar. words containing the syllables sik (sex, penis), tila:k (clitoris), and am (vulva, vagina, pudenda muliebria, пизда) for fear of rousing ribald comments Kaš. I 334; a.o. / 2or (örün-): xıv Muh. al-dakar ‘penissi:k Alel. 48, 3; Rif. 142: Kom. xıv ‘penissik CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı faracu'l-racul ‘the male organsik Hou. 21, 3: xıv sik al-dakar muqebilu’l-farac (opposite to ‘vulva’) Id. 53:xv al-dakar sik Kav. et , 6; Tuh. 16a. 11.

2 sik (sex)

3 sik, siki (pee, urine) (ODT p. 499, SIK II ečkü siki моча “pee, urine” козы (Rach II 1 97), čürkü, errä, qašan, sidük, siδük, südük, siki, моча “pee, urine” (Russian sikat “, urinate”))

Mon. V. SG-

sik- (copulate) (of the male only) ‘to copulate’ (w. a female Acc.). S.i.a.m.l.g. R IV 681, but deliberately omitted fr. most modern dicts. Xak. xı er ura:ğutnı: sikti: ‘the man copulated with (cema'a) the woman’ Kaš. II 22 (sike:r, sikme:k); a.o. I 401, 21 stating that the Pres. Participle is sikkem comma': xıv Muh. cema'a si:k- Rif. 107 (only); neha ‘to copulatc’ (misspelt tıahe) sik- do. 116 (only); al-cime' shgmek Mel. 34, 10; sikmek 119: Kıp. xııı (after sik) ‘and it is also the Imperat. for the (corresponding) V.’ (bi'l-fi'l bihŋ IIou. 21, 3; nakaha ‘to marry’ sik- do. 34, 9; ueka tuina'l--cime' sik- do. 44, 2: xıv sik- neka Id. 53; Bui. 83V.: xv cema'a mina'l-cime' sik- Kav. 77, 11; nakaha sik- Tuh. 37b. 3.

sö:g- (curse, vilify) ‘to curse, revile’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w, some variations in the last consonant; SW Tkm. sö:g-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Suv. 136, 9-10 (tota:-); TM IV 252, 17-18 (sarsi:-): Xak. xı ol anı: sö:gdi: sabbahu ‘he abused, or cursed, him’ Kaš. III ı84 (sö:ge:r, sö:gme:k); bašı: boynm söge: turdi: ‘he continuously cursed (zalla yasubb) his head and neck’ III 230, 20; a.o. I 27 (sögüg): KB yayığ tep sögerler bu kılkım üčijn ‘they curse me and call me fickle because of my character’ 690: xıv Rbğ. itni sögti ‘he cursed the dog’ R IV 571: Muh. damma ‘to reprove, blamesö:g- Mel. 26, 7; Rif. 109; šatoma ‘to cursesö:g- 27, r 1; 1 to; al-ğadab ‘to be angry’ sökme^ 35, i (küsmek 130): Čağ. xv ff. sög- (-di ‘with -g-’) sög-, dušnem ver- ma'nestna ‘to abuse, curse’ Vel. 297 (quotn.); sök-... \\819 (2) dušnem dadan ... in this meaning also sög- San. 245r. 25 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sög- ‘to curse’ Qutb 159; Nahc. 14, 15-16; 129, 8: Kom. xıv ‘to curse, blasphemesök- CCI, CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı šatama sög- Hou. 34, 14; sabba sög-, also šatama; the kef in this \819\ word is like the Ar. qafu'l-manqüta (g) do. 40, 18: xıv sög- (‘with -g-’) šatama Id. 53; Bul. 51 r.: xv ditto Kav. 32, 15; 75, 12; Tuh. 21b. 5; sabba wa šatama sög- do. 20a. 11; o.o. do. 28b. 3; 3ib. 7.
819

1 sök- (tear, pull, break through) Trans.; ‘to tear apart, pull down, break through (an obstacle)’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. with these and extended meanings. Türkü vni karığ sökdim ‘I forced (cut) my way through the snow’ T 25; o.o. I E 35, II E 27 (batım): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ertinl alıp söküp ‘taking and detaching the jewel’ (in his ear) PP 50, 8; o.o. U II 76, 1 (so:); TT IV 6, 39 (buz-): Civ. otla:r söküppulling the vegetables to pieces’ (and boiling them in milk) TT VIII M.34; o.o. H II 26, 97; 28, 129: Xak. xı ol yama:ğ sökti: ‘he tore (ttaqada) the patch out of the garment’; and one says ol evin sökti: naqada xibaahu wa binaahu ‘he pulled down his tent or (built) house’ Kaš. II 21 (2 sök- (kneel) follows in the same para.): KB 2268 (čerig): xiv Muh. fataqa ‘to split, tear apart’ (sökül-; v.l.) sök- Mel. 29, 11; sök- Rif. 113; (al-naqf se:kmek is prob. an error for al-naqd sökmek 123): Čağ. xv ff. sök- (-ti, ‘with -k-’) bir bütün nesneyi ček et-, sök- ma'nestna ‘to tear apart something complete’ Vel. 297 (quotn.); sök- (1) šikeftan ‘to split, tear apart’ San. 245r. 25 (quotns.): Kip. xııı fataqa min fatqi'l-qumeš ‘to tear’, of tearing linen 80k-Hou. 35, 2: xıv sök- fataqa İd. 53; Bul. 68r.:xv fataqa (wa šatama) sök- Tuh. 28b. 3.

2 sök- (kneel) Intrans. w. Indirect Object in Dat.] ‘to kneel down’. Syn. w. čök- (Kaš. translates both the same), but n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. (if the man who understands this scripture stands among the company of Bodhisattvas and) iki tizin söküp berser ‘kneels on both knees and presents it’ USp. 106, 19-20: Xak. xı (after 1 sök- (tear, pull, break through)) and one says ol begke: sökti: ‘he knelt (cate) in the presence of the beg (etc.)’; hence one says söke: oltur iclis cetiya (n) ‘sit down kneeling’ Kaš. II 21 (söke:r, sökme:k); one says er söke: ol-turdı: cate'l-racul 'aid rukbatihi ‘the man knelt on his knees and sat’ III 230 (verse): KB bu Aytoldı kirdi körtindi söküp ‘Aytoldı entered and presented himself kneeling’ 581.

Dis. SGE

F sekü: (bench, platform, terrace) l.-w. fr. Pe. saktı ‘bench, platform, terrace’. Survives in NC Kır. seki ‘a small flat ledge in the foothills’: NW Kaz. seke ‘a bench in a house’: SW Az., Osm. seki; Tkm. seki ‘a wooden or stone bench, terrace, pavement, pedestal’. Xak. xı sekü: al-dukka ‘a (stone) bench’ Kaš. III 230: Kip. xııı al-mastaba ‘a large stone bench’ se:kü: Hou. 6, e: xıv al-mašfaba (sic, also correct) ditto Bttl. 14, 11: Osm. xvı ff. seki used in several Ar. and Pe. dicts, to translate words meaning ‘bench’, etc. TTS I fut', \\ 806; IV 673.

D söke: See 2 sök- (kneel).

VUD sö:ki: (former, of old) N./A.S. fr. sö:; ‘former, of old’. N.o.a.b. Türkü vııı ff. Man. (if we have some \\ how sinned against) söki teŋri yalavačı burxanlarka ‘the former messengers of God, the prophets’ Chuas. 64-5: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (how was it possible that one day Dharma-gupta) ban yarlıkadı erki tümen sökilerke ‘deigned to go to the innumerable men of old ?’ Hüen-ts. 1959-60; söki aršılar blligige ‘to the knowledge of the sages (Sanskrit fsŋ of old’ Suv. 589, 4-5: Civ. söki xanlar küči... so o futsı bilgegiŋ all ‘the strength of former kings... the devices of the later sage Confucius' TT 1105-7: Xak. xı KB söki teg bolur yandru kilki yagi ‘his character and habits turn back and become as they were formerly’ 738.
819

E sökö is read in TT VIII K.10 and identified w. the SW Osm. phr. sökü oti ‘bird’s-foot, Ornithopus compressus’, but sökti is the Osm. f. of *söküg Dev. N. fr. 1 sök- (tear), so this is impossible. The Brahmi text syo kyo dham no doubt represents sögötin ‘its tree’.

Dis. SGC

PUFF sügič (bird species) Hap. leg.; this word is glossed ytldtz ‘star’ in the Fergana MS. but this is an obvious error; it must be some kind of a bird, prob. a l.-w. Xak. xı KB (just before dawn) sügič koptı örlep kalıkka ağıp ünün sumlıdı sürı ‘ibri okıp ‘a sügič rose and soared climbing to the firmament; it chattered unintelligibly (as if it was) reciting a Hebrew psalm’ 5677.

Dis. SGD

sögüt (sögöd) (tree, willow) in Uyğ. a generic term for ‘tree’; fr. xı onwards specifically ‘the willow-tree, Salix'. Survives in SE Türki söget: NC Kır. sögöt: SW Az. söyüd; Osm. sögüd/sögüt; Tkm. sövüt. Cf. ta:l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ašok sögüt ‘Asoka tree’ U II 24, 3; mlapušup atlığ sögüt ‘a tree called Nlla-pušpa’ do. 25, 17-18: yemiš sögüt ‘a fruit tree’ PP 79, 4-5; sögüt ‘tree’ do. 7; o.o. U II 7, 1; 26, 19; 35, 32; U III 22, 14; Hüen-ts. 316;TT VIII K.10 (sökö); X 457, etc.: Civ. TT I 163 (ti:t), 165 (artuč), 191 (čüšüm); VII28, 41-2 (tik-); etc.: xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. ‘tree’ sögöt Ligeti 196; R IV 576 (‘willow’, ? error): Xak. xı sögtit šacaru'l-xilef ‘willow-tree’ Kaš. /3se (prov., see kadig); same prov. III 134, 13; 369, 22; a.o. III 168 (keyik): Čağ. xv ff. sögüd ‘a name for the willow (bid) tree’ San. 245V. 28 (the spelling looks Rumi): Kip./Tkm. xııı al-saffef'willow’ (Kip. ta:l) Tkm. sögü:t Hou. 8, 6.

D sökti: (bran) Dev. N. in -ti: (usually -di:, Pass.) fr. 1 sök- (tear); ‘bran’. N.o.a.b. Barsğa:n xı sökti: al-nuxela ‘bran’ Kaš. I 4le: Xak. xı KB 4767 (kavik).

Dis. V. SGD-

E sekit- See söküt-. ???

D sikit- (copulate) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sik- (copulate); cf. siktür-. Xak. xı <ol> ura:ğutnı: slkitti: ‘he urged someone to copulate (hamala man \\ cema'a) with the woman’ Kaš. II 309 (sikitü:r, sikitme:k).
820

Dis. V. SGD-

D 1 sökit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 sök- (tear); this V. seems to occur in the phr. below. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sökitgülük etlerig (? read etlerin) ‘you must have (their?) meat minced' Suv. 592, 18-19.

D 2 sökit- Caus. f. of 2 sök- (kneel); in Kaš. clearly w. Caus. meaning; but elsewhere it seems to mean simply ‘to kneel’ and is a l.-w. in this meaning in Mong. sögöt- (sic) (Haenisch 135, Kou\ 1433, Haltod 352). Cf. sökür-. N.o.a.b. Türkü vııı ff. Man. (then the holy King Bögü Xan came to the assembly of his own Elect and) dındarlar[ka?] sökütüp yinčürü (MS. in error yinčülü) ötündi ‘knelt before (?) the Elect and ventured to bow to them’ TT II'b, 34: Xak. xı ol anı: sökitti: actehu (MS. ahtehu) ‘he made him kneel’ Kaš. II 310 (sökitü:r, sökitme:k; everywhere vocalized sekit-): Kıp. xv (?) cate ‘to kneel’ (bağdaš oltur- (not an old phr.); in margin in two second hands) söküt- (perhaps here fr. Mong.) and čök- Tuh. 12a. 10.

D siktür- Caus. f. of sik- (copulate); n.o.a.b. Cf. sikit-. Xak. xı er kügin siktürdi: ‘the man urged someone to copulate (inšen 'aîe came') with his slave girl’ Kaš. II 186 (siktürür, siktürme:k).

D sögtür- (sö:gtür-) Caus. f. of sö:g-; ‘to order (someone Dat.) to curse or revile (someone Acc.)'. S.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. Xak. xı ol anı: sögtürdi: ‘he urged him to curse, or revile, him’ ('ale sabbihŋ; originally sörgtürdir with -ö:- but shortened Kaš. II 186 (sögtürür, sögtürme:k): Kıp. xv (in a para, on the Caus. f.) tea fi istaštama and for ‘to order to curse’ söktür- Tuh. 55a. 3.

D söktür- Caus. f. of 1 sök- (tear); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ol torn söktürdi: ‘he ordered that the scams of the garment should be torn apart’ (bi-naqd durûzi'1-taub); also used when he ordered the tearing down (bi-naqd) of a wall, etc. Kaš. II 186 (söktürür, söktürme:k): Čağ. xv fF. söktür- Caus. f.; šikefenidan ‘to order to tear apart, etc.’ San. 245V. 17.

Tris. SGD

D sökitkü (sökitgü) Hap. leg.; prob. merely the Ger. of 2 sökit-, that of 1 sökit- is less prob. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. [gap] turmıš tiktek ya:ğ ičürmiš kerek sökitkü ičürmiš kere:k . . standing you must make him drink bitter (Sanskrit l.-w.) oil; you must make him kneel and drink’ (you must bleed him) TT VIII 7.24.

D sögütlüg P.N./A. fr. sögüt; survives with much the same meaning in SW Osm. sögütlü (Red. 1094). Xak. xı (after sögütlük) and ‘the owner of one' is called (the same) with (final) -ğ Kaš. I 506.

D sögütlük A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. sögüt; survives in SW Osm. sögüdlük (Red. 1093). Xak. xı sögütlük manbat šacaru'l-xilef ‘a plantation of willow-trces’, with ( (inal) -k Kaš. I 506; a.o. 1 510, 22.

Tris. V. SGD-

D sögütlen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. sögüt. Xak. xı ye:r sögütlendi: ‘the ground was thickly planted with willows’ (muxlifa min šacari l-xilef) Kaš. II 266 (sögütlenü:r, sögütlenme:k).

Dis. SGG

D sögüg (curse, vilify) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. sö:g- (curse, vilify); quoted only as an example of a Dev. N. used as a verbal complement. Xak. xı <ol> am: sögüg sögti: sabbahu sabeba (rŋ beliğa (n) fxhi ‘he cursed (or abused) him violently’ Kaš. I 27, 12.

Dis. SGL

VU sigü/sögöl (? *sigöl) (siwel) (wart, swelling, nipple, piles) (swell)wart’ or similar swelling including ‘nipple’ and ‘piles’. The vocalization is chaotic, and perhaps best explained by assuming an original *sigöl. Survives as NE Khak., Tuv. sö:i: SE Türki sögel/sügei: NC Kır. soil; Kzx. süyel; SC Uzb. sügai: NW Kk., Kumyk süyel; Kaz. söyal; Nog. šüyel (sic): SW Az. ziyil; Osm. siğil; Tkm. siŋgil («e). See sengil (freckle). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. kimniŋ etinde sögöl ün-ser ‘if a wart emerges on someone’s skin” H I 73; a.o. do. 74; Xak. xı sigil al-tu'lül ‘wart, nipple’ Kaš. I 394; sögül III 301 (sögne:-): Čağ. xv ff. siwel (spelt) ‘a hard lump’ (dena-i šulb) which emerges on a hand or limb', in Rumi sigil, in Ar. tii’lfd San. 259r. 3: Osm. xıv bawasir siğilipiles’, in one text TTS IV 692: xvııı sigil (‘with -g-’) in Rumi, same translation as Čağ. siwel San. 255r. 12.

D sökel (sick)ill, sick’: survives only (?) in SW xx‘ ^ Anat. sökel SDD 1248; perhaps Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. 2 sök- (kneel) in the sense of ‘kneeling, unable to stand up’. Kaš.'s description as ‘Oğuz’ is dubious, since it is quoted in several Xak. phr. Xak./Oğuz xı sökel al-marid ‘ill’, in Oğuz Kaš. I 394; o.o. in Xak. phr. I 216, III 395 (both ogal-); II10 (1 sı:z-), 4o (tınığ); III 180 (tur-), 281 (savra:-), 286 (suvša:-): xın (?) Tef. sökel ‘ill’ 275: xıv Muh. al-alxl ‘ill’ (opposite to ‘well’ esen) sö:kel Mel. 56, 5; 64,10; Rif. i54 (sögel; 163 sökelliklŋ: Čağ. xv ff. sökel (‘with -k-’) xasta ıva bîmer ‘ill, sick’, also used of a man who is crippled (az 'udwi ma'yûb) San. 245V. 25: Xwar. xıv sökel ‘ill’ Qutb 160; Nahc. 235, 5-6; 240, 13 etc.: Kip. xııı al-marid (opposite to ‘well' ša:ğ) sökeri Hou. 26, 6; 33, 1 (MS. söhe:n): xıv sökel ditto Id. 53; Iiul. 9, 15; marida sökel ol- Bui. 82V.: Osm. xıv and xv sökel ‘ill’; in 3 texts TTS I 640; II 839.

sügli:n (pheasant, Phasianux spp.)pheasant, Phasianux spp.’; survives only in SW Osm. süglün/sülün; Tkm. süigün; elsewhere displaced by Mong. l.-w. kirğa’ul. Possibly a l.-w. cf. sügič. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. IIII 24, 51: Xak. xı süglirn al-tadruc ‘pheasant’; süvlirn alternative form (luğa fihŋ \\ Koš. I 444: xıv Rbğ. sülgün (jj'c) ‘pheasant' R IV 833 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv süglün ditto Qutb 160 (söklün), 162 (süklün): Kom. xıv ditto sövvlün CCI; Gr.
821

Dis. V. SGL-

D sikil- (copulate) Pass. f. of sik- (copulate); noted by Red. in SW Osm., and no doubt surviving elsewhere. Xak. xı ura:ğut sikildi: ‘the woman was copulated with’ (cümi'at) Kaš. II 126 (sikilür, sikilme:k).

D 1 sögül- (sörgül-) (curse, vilify) Pass. f. of sö:g- (curse, vilify); ‘to be cursed, reviled’, etc. S.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. (Xak.) xııı (?)/îf. y^rilgen sögUlgen törip börmegen ‘the man who accumulates (property) and does not give is reviled and cursed’ 247: Čağ. xv ff. sökül-... (2) dušnem deda šudan ‘to be reviled, cursed’ San. 245V. 14.

PU 2 sögül- (roast) ‘to roast (meat Acc.)'; a very unusual case of a Trans. V. with a Pass. f. N.o.a.b. There are two ancient cognate words, söglün-, 2 sögüš, q.v., the latter still surviving; and some modem ones, SW Osm. sögleme ‘roast meat’ (Red. 1093), söyüle- (sögle-) ‘to roast’ Barbier de Meynard in R IV 580 and in xx Anat. sögür- ‘to roast kebabs’, sögürme ‘roast kebab' SDD 1248; the likeliest transcription is therefore sögül-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (if a man’s armpits are malodorous) övkeni sögülüp üč kün yak-zun ‘roast a lung and rub it on for three days’ H I 28-9: Xak. xı er et sögüldi: ‘the man roasted (šawe) meat’ (etc.) Kaš. II 126 (sögü-lür, sögülme:k): xııı (?) Tef. (PU) sögli- ditto 278 (sükli-/süklü-): xıv Muh. šawe sörgül- Mel. 27, 13; Rif. m; al-šaıoe sögülmek 34, 16; 120; (under ‘food’) al-šiwe ‘roast meat’ sögülmiš 65, 12; 164: Kıp. XIII al-šare’ih ‘slices of meat’ sö:gülmiš (MS. šö.gülmiš) et Hou. 15, 17: xıv sögül- (‘with -g-’) šawe Id. 53; Bul. 51 v.: Osm. xıv end xv sögül- ‘to roast’; in several texts TTS I 639; II 839; IV 704.

D sökül- (tear, split, separate) Pass. f. of 1 sök- (tear) ; ‘to be torn apart, split’, etc. S.i.m.m.l. Xak. xı torn söküldi: nuqida durHzu'I-tawb ‘the seams of the garment (etc.) were torn apart’; also used of a building (al-bine').when it has been torn apart Kaš. II 125 (sökülü:r, sökülme:k): xnı (?) Tef. sökül- ditto 275: Čağ. xv ff. sökül- (1) šikefta šudan ‘to be torn apart’ San. 245v. 14 (quotn.): Kom. xıv sökül- ‘to be torn apart, separated’ CCG; Gr.: Kıp. xv maftiiq ‘splitsökülmiš Tuh. 34b. 13: Osm. xvı b ‘to be torn apart’ in one text TTS II 839.

PUD söglün- Refl. f. of 2 sögül- (roast), generally used as Pass. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sügükige tegi eti yini söglünüp ‘his flesh and skin being roasted through to the bone’ U III 24, 6 (ı); etözi söglündi ‘his body was roasted’ U IV 40, 171: Xak. xı et söglündi: ‘the meat was roasted’ (inšaıue); and one says er öziıje: et söglündi: ‘the man made it his business to roast (tawalla taštviya) the meat for himself’ Kaš. II 248 (söglünü:r, 8ög-lünme:k); the second phr. translated ‘he concentrated on roasting the meat and did not ask anyone else to help’ II 254, 20: Kip. xıv söglün- inšatoe İd. 53; al-šareyih ‘slices of meat’ šölenmiš et Bul. 7, 15: xv inšatoa (šıšlan-; in margin) söglün- Tuh. 7a. 1: Osm. xıv söglün- ‘to be roasted’; in one text TTS I 639.

Tris. SGL

PUD söglüncü: (roasted (meat)) Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. söglün- (roast); n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the cook brought the king) söglünčüsin ‘his roast meat’ TT V, p. 21, note A 124, 3: Xak. xı söglünčü: al-šiue ‘roast meat’ Kaš. III 242; a.o. II 309 (kokit-): xııı (?) Tef. sög-lünči ditto 279 (mklünčŋ: Kip. xııı al-šiwe sörglünči: Hou. 15, 17: xıv sörlüncü: (sic, under sîn-lem) al-šareyih (‘slices of meat’) wa’l-šiwe Id. 53; al-šiwe söglenei: (sic) Bul. 7, 15: xv al-šireyih sölencü Tuh. 21a. 9.

Dis. SGM

D sökmak (diarrhea) (OTD p. 510 SÖKMAK понос  (diarrhea))

D sökmem ("breacher", прорыватель) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. 1 sök- (tear), Xak. xı sökmem min alqebi'l-abtel ‘a military title’; it means ‘one who breaks the ranks of the (enemy) army’ (kesir šaffi’l-harb); taken from the phr. sökti: nerijni: ‘he tore (hataka) the thing’ Kaš. I 444.

Tris. V. SGM-

D sökmenlen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. sökmem ("breacher", прорыватель). Xak. xı er sökmenlendi: ‘the man put on military dress (tazayye... bi--ziyi l-abtel) and reckoned himself one of them’; the Imperat. is sökmenlen Kaš. II 278 (sökmenlenü:r, sökmenlenme.'k).

Dis. SGN

PU sögen (pack saddle) Hap. leg.; a Hap. leg. for such a common object is prob. a l.-w. Xak. xı sögen al-qirfela ‘a pack saddle’ Kaš. I 403.

D sögünč (curse, abuse) Dev. N. fr. *sögün- Refl. f. of sö:g- (curse, vilify); ‘a curse, abuse’, and the like. N.o.a.b.; cf. 1 sögüš. Xak. (xi KB in 4553 the Vienna MS. has sögünč, the others sögüš): xııı (?) At. 232 (tırd-)r Čağ. xv ff. sögünč (‘with -g-’) dušnem ‘curse, abuse' Vel. 297 (quotn.); sögünč (spelt) ditto San. 245V. 29: Xwar. xıv sögünč ditto Qutb 162 (sügünč).

Dis. V. SGN-

D 1 sökün- (tear, rapture, порваться) Ref. f. of 1 sök- (tear); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı (after 2 sökün-) ol tomm sökündi: ‘he pretended to tear apart (yanqud) the seams of his garment’ Kaš. II 154 (sökünü:r, sökünme:k): (xiv Muh. anqada (? for inqadda) se:kin- Rif. 104 (only) seems to be a misspelling of this word).

D 2 sökün- Refl. f. of 2 sök- (kneel); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı er begke: sökündi: ‘the man knelt (cate 'ale rukbatayhŋ before the beg’ Kaš. II 154 (followed by 1 sökün-): xıv Muh. ittake'to lean \\ on (something)’ and the like sö:ygen- (sic) Mel. 21, 12; sö:kün- Rif. 102 seems to belong here).
822

Dis. V. SGN-

PUD sögne:- Hap. leg., but see sögne:gü:; Den. V. fr. *sögün (whitlow (infection)) which seems to be cognate to sigil/sögül and may mean ‘whitlow’ or the like. Xak. xı er sögöi sögne:di: 'elaca'l--raculul-tulül tea dawdhu 'the man treated and cured the wart’ Kaš. III 301 (sögne:r, sögne:me:k).

Tris. SGN

PU?F sekentir (Saturn) virtually Hap. leg., occurring only in KB and the quotation fr. KB in Rbg.; ‘the planet Saturn’. The spelling is uncertain, the MSS. of both authorities varying between -r and -z. Since, unlike sevit ‘Venus’, q.v., it has no Turkish etymology, no doubt a l.-w. Xak. xı KB (the highest of these is) sekentir (it revolves and remains in one sign of the zodiac for 2 years and 8 months) 131.

PUD sögne:gü: Hap. leg.; Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. sögne:-. Xak. xı sögneıgü: ‘a swelling (batra, i.e. whitlow) which comes out between the nail and the flesh’ Kaš. I 491.

Dis. SGR

D sekrik (jump) Dev. N. fr. sekri:- (jump);‘a jump’: Survives in NW Kaz. sikrik ‘a jump’ R IV 681. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. [gap] segrik [gap] context obscure TT II 17, 59: Xak. xı sekrik ‘any place in the mountains which is crossed by jumping’ (yubar 'anhe bi’l-ıvatb) Kaš. I 478.

D sökrük Hap. leg.; Kaš.’s translation is the same as that of tilark and no doubt means ‘a woman’s sexual organs’; presumably therefore Pass. Dev. N. fr. (2) *sökür-, Caus. f. of 1 sök- (tear), Xak. xı sökrük iota ul-mar a Kaš. I 478: (Kip. xıv al-qadtd ‘dried strips of meat’ (kak et/) (PU) sögrük (unvocalized, -k- -k) (/kuru: et) Bul. 8, 9 is obviously a different word and, if correctly transcribed, cognate to sögül-, q.v.).

Dis. V. SGR-

D sökür- (kneel) Caus. f. of 2 sök- (kneel); ‘to make (someone Acc.) kneel’. N.o.a.b.; cf. čökür-. Türkü vııı I E 2 (1 bašlığ), 15, 18; II E 13, 16; N 10.

?D sekri:- (jump, leap, dance (?), сигать, скакать) < sek-, sik-,seg-, sig-, missing, ‘to jump’. See sekerči:. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. unusual phonetic changes: NE sekir-/seğir- R IV 442-e: SE Türki sekre-/ sekre-/sekeri- (also seki-/sekle-/sekli-/ šekilde-): NC sekir-: SC Uzb. sakra-: NW Kk., Nog. sekir-; Kaz. siker-: SW Osm. seğir-, in some cases with extended meanings. Cf. sačra:-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. U IV 10, 47 (tölük); TT X 355 ■ Xak. xı er suvka: sekri:di: ‘the man jumped (wataba) into the water’ (etc.) Kaš. İII 281 (sekri:r, sekri:me:k); o.o. I 142, 15; 354, 24: xııı (?) Tef. sekri- ‘to jump’ 267: xıv Muh. qafaza ‘to leap’ sĞgir- Mel. 30, 9; sĞkir- Rif. 114; wataba wa waqafa (? error for qafaza) sekir-ir6 (only): Čağ. xv ff. segri- (-di, ‘with -e-’) sıčra- 'to jump’ Vel. 288 (quotn.); segrl-/segir- (both spelt) castan ‘to jump’, but ‘to wake with a start’ (castan az xwab) and ‘to jump with surprise or fear’ is sesken- (not an old word) San. 254V. 13 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sekir-/sdkir- ‘to jump, dance (?)’ Qutb 156-7: Kom. xıv ‘to jump’ sekir- CCI", Gr.: Kıp. xıv sekri- wataba Id. 53: xv raqasa ‘to dance’ sekir- Tuh. 17a. 11; a.o. 28b. 5 (sačra:-): Osm. xıv to xvı sekri- (or segri- ?) ‘to jump’; in several texts TTS I 611; II 806; IV 673. (See sekerči: for all meanings)

D sekrit- (jump) Caus. f. of sekri:- (jump); Kaš. notes two forms without a cross-refce. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in SE Türki sekret-; SC Uzb. sakrat-; elsewhere sekirt- or the like. Xak. xı (in the section headed fa'landi:) ol atın arıktın sekritti: (vocalized sekiritti:) ‘he made his horse jump (awtaba) over the canal’ (etc.) (sekritü:ŋ; similarly one says ol bitig okir erke:n sekritti: ‘he made an omission (as7va barzax) in reading the book or Koran’ (sekritme:k) Kaš. II 333 (for the second phr. cf. sik): (in the chapter of words with two consecutive consonants) ol at sekirtti: ‘he started off (a’da) the horse’ (etc.) III 431 (sekirtür, sekirtme:k... Imperat. sekirt); o.o. II 274, 24! M 429. 3: KB (the proud warrior) sekirtip ‘setting (the army) in motion’ 2381: xııı (?) Tef. sekrit- ‘to start off’ (a horse) 267: Čağ. xv ff. segrit-/segirt- (both spelt) Caus. f.; cakamdan ‘to cause to jump’ San. 255r. 5 (quotns.): Kip. xııı tarada min tardi'l-faras ‘to drive (a horse) on’ (VU) sekrit- (unvocalized) Hou. 33, 17: Osm. xıv ff. sekirt- (Psegirt-) c.i.a.p.; occasionally in xıv and xv ‘to drive (a horse) on’, but normally Intrans., ‘to run; (of an armv) to advance, attack’ TTS I 611; II 805; III 610; 7^672.

D sekriš- Co-op. f. of sdkri:-; ‘to jump together; to jump in competition with one another’. Xak. xı (in n grammatical section) ol meniŋ birle: sekrišdi: ‘he -jumped in competition with me (7vetabani mubara) to see which of us was best at it’ Kaš. II 225, 12; a.o. 7 214 (tizig); n.m.e.

Tris. SGR

D sekerči: (brigand) Hap. leg.; the context indicates a meaning lijte ‘brigand’. Perhaps der. fr. serker, if not N.Ag. fr. *seker, which is also the basis of Kip. xııı hatta ‘to incite’ (VU) seke:rle:- (sin unvocalized) Hou. 39, 12; lazza' mina'l-lazz ‘to molest’ ditto do. 43, 3, and might possibly be the basis of sekri:- (jump) if that was a Den. V. iıı -i:-. Seker is prima facie the Aor. Participle, used as a N., of sek-, first noted in Kip. xıv sek- daraca, a word with several meanings, here perhaps ‘to walk’ Id. 53 and surviving in SW Az., Osm. 'to hop, skip along, walk mincingly’ (a link, perhaps illusory, w. sekri:- (jump)); Tkm., more neutrally, ‘to go, enter, come’. Xak. xı KB (thirdly, keep all the roads clear and) karakčığ sekerčig arıtğıl arığ ‘clean out the highwaymen and brigands (?)’ 5577.

Tris. SGZ

Dis. SGS

süksük (saksaul tree) some kind of a tree, prob. a tamarisk; prob. a quasi-onomatopoeic fr. the noise which it makes in a wind. Survives in SE Türki süksük ‘the saksaul tree’ (i.e. Haloxyfort ammodendron, see U 111, p. 32, footnote) Shaw 126 (only), and mentioned in SW Osm. ‘a kind of tree’ (Red. 1067). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ötrii braman süksük otugın tamturmıš ‘then the Brahman set fire to the firewood of süksük’ U III 32, 19 ff. r Xak. xı süksük al-ğade ‘Euphorbia, tamarisk’ Kaš. I 48e: Čağ. xv ff. süksük ‘plants which grow up in the spring and dry off in the summer and become dry sticks’ (xas u xešek) Vel. 298 (quotns.); süksük (spelt) ‘a tree (diraxtŋ which grows in sandy soil’; when it becomes dry its long roots emerge from the soil and they make sticks from them (quotn.); also called ucar (in 65r. 16 translated hima-i teğ ‘tamarisk’, otherwise unknown), in Ar. ğačle San. 245V. 22 (followed by two Rumi meanings otherwise unknown, ‘a rough, uneven gait’, and ‘a horse that does not keep to the road’).

VUC seksö:n (eighty) ‘eighty’; crasis of sekiz o:n, which was the form used in Türkü vııı, Ix. 3 and Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud., PP 24, 4 and still survives as segiz on in NE Khak. In all other modern languages the form is seksen or the like. Xak. xı seksörn the number ‘eighty’; originally sekiz o:n ‘eight times ten’ and then joined together (cu'ile wahid) Kaš. I 437: xııı Tef. seksen ‘eighty’ 267: xıv Muh. ‘eighty’ sekzern Mel. 81, 15; sekse:n Rif. 187: Xwar. xıv seksen ‘eighty’ Qutb 15e: Kip. xııı ditto Hou. 22, 15: xıv ditto Id. 53; Bui. 12, 14: xv ditto Kav. 39, 7; 65, 9 (seksem); Tuh. 60b. 10.

Dis. SGŠ

D sikiš (copulation) Dev. N. (connoting mutual action) fr. sik- (copulate); ‘copulation’. Survives in SW Osm. and no doubt elsewhere. Xak. xı sikiš al-mucema'a Kaš. I 369: Kip. xıv sikiš al-cima td. 53D 1 sögüš Dev. N. (connoting mutual action) fr. sörg-; ‘cursing, abuse’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. minor phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 10, 19 (oyun): Xak. xı sögüš al-sabb zva'1-tasebb ma’a (n) both ‘abuse’ and ‘mutual abuse’ Kaš. I 368: KB (there is little pleasure and much pain in governing a realm) az ol öŋgüčisi telimrek sögüš ‘there are few who praise and many more (who) abuse’ 2148; saran bolma artuk sögüš bulğa sen ‘do not be mean, you will receive much abuse’ 4553; o.o. 239 (ögdi: (customs)), 240, 260 (körksüz), etc.: xııı (?) At. ajunka bu sögüš malemat nelik ‘why these curses and reproofs to the world?’ 453; a.o. 242 (uzal-): xıv Muh. al-šatima ‘a curse’ sö:giš Mel. 84, 12; sörgüš Rif. 190: Čağ. xv ff. sögüš dušnem ‘curse, abuse’ San. 245V. 28: Kom. xıv ‘abuse’ söküš CCI; Gr.

(D) 2 sögüš ‘roast meat’; morphologically obscure, but cognate to 2 sögül- (roast), q.v. \\ Survives only (?) in SW Osm. sögüš ‘roast meat’. Oğuz xı sögüš (‘with -g-’) me yašluh li'l--šiwe' mina'l-cide’ tva’l-humlen ‘a kid or lamb suitable for roasting’ Kaš. I 369: Osm. xvııı sögüš... and, in Rumi, gûšt-i yaxııı ‘cooked meat’.San. 245V. 28.
823

Dis. V. SGŠ-

D sikiš- Co-op. f. of sik- (copulate); survives in SW Osm. and no doubt elsewhere. Xak. xı er urarğut birle: sikišdi: ‘the man and woman copulated’ (beda'a); and both of them are described as active participants (mucami') by this word Kaš. II 107 (sikišü:r, sikišme:k).

D sögüš- (sö:güš-) (curse, abuse) Recip. f. öf sö:g- (curse, vilify); ‘to curse, or abuse, one another’. S.i.m.m.l. w. some phonetic changes, SW Tkm. sö:güš-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A sögüsürler (VU) yon-tusurlar (sic) ‘they curse and threaten one another’ M I 9, 15-le: Xak. xı olarr ikki: sögüšdi: tasebbe ‘those two cursed (or abused) one another’ Kaš. II 107 (sögüšü:r, sögüšme:k); a.o. II 89, 13: Čağ. xv ff. sögüš- Recip. f.; ‘to curse (or abuse, dušnem dadan) one another’ San. 245V. 18.

D söküš- (tear, demolish, competing ) Co-op. f. of 1 sök- (tear); s.i.s.m.l. w. minor phonetic variations. Xak. xı ol maga: torn söküšdir ‘he helped me to tear apart (fi naqd) the seams of the garment’; also used for helping to demolish a house (fi hadmi’1-dar) (etc.); and also for competing Kaš. II 107 (söküšü:r, söküšme:k); a.o. II 90, 9-10 (artukluk).

Tris. SGŠ

D sögüšlüg Hap. Jeg. ?; P.N./A. fr. 1 sögüš. Xak. xı KB sögüšlüg nelük boldı pahhek utun ‘why was wicked Dahhek (universally) cursed?’241.

Dis. SGZ

sekkiz (eight) ‘eight’; like ottuz, ekki: (two, second), q.v., and three other numerals it originally had a medial double consonant, but this is seldom written and in many languages not pronounced. S.i.a.m.l.g. with some phonetic changes (-k-/-g-; -z/-s). OnIy (?) SE Türki sekkiz: SC Uzb. sakkiz preserve the -kk-. Türkü vııı sekiz (for sekkiz) is common; vııı ff. including Man. and Yen. ditto: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A: Man.: Bud,: Civ. ditto: O. Kır. ıx ff. ditto: Xak. xı sekiz the number ‘eight’; it is an abbreviation (taxfif) of sekkiz Kaš. I 365; a.o. 7 437 (seksörn): xııı (?) Tef. sekiz 26e: xıv Muh. ‘eight’ sekkiz Mel. 8r, 8; sekiz Rif. 18e: Čag. xv ff. sekiz (‘with -k-’) sekiz Vel. 288; sekiz (spelt) ‘eight’; also pronounced sekkiz San. 255r. 10; (on the -kk- see 2 ov. 9 ff.)r Kom. xıv ‘eight’ segiz (sic) CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı ‘eight’ sekiz HoUi 22, 8: xıv ditto Id. 53; sekkiz Bh/. 12, i i: xv sekiz Kav. 65, 7; Tuh. 60b. 7.

Tris. SGZ

sekizinč (sekkizinč) Ordinal f. of sekkiz (eight); ‘eighth’. As in the case of other Ordinals (see \824\ üčünč) the Suff. gradually became -inči:, in some languages -inci:, fr. about xi; s.i.a.m.l.g. in those forms. Not well attested in the medieval period. Türkü vııı fF. Man. sekizinč ‘eighth (paragraph)’ Chuas. 156; a.o. M III 19, 4 (in: Uyğ. vııı sekizinč ay ‘in the eighth month’ Šu. E 5, e: vııı ff. Civ. ditto in several documents in USp.: (Xak.) xııı (?) Tef. sekizinč 266 (under sekiz): Xwar. xıv seksinči (sic) Qutb 15e: Kom. xıv sekizinči CCG; Gr.
824

Mon. SL

1 sa:l (timber raft, skin raft, support (raft)) (sail) ‘a raft’, prob. specifically one made of timber, see 2 ta:r (skin raft). S.i.a.m.l.g., in SW Tkm. sa:l. See salla:-. Xak. xı sa:l al-'amd bi--ma'ne ta:r ‘a support’ in the (same) sense as ta:r Kaš. III 15e: Čağ. xv ff. sal ‘a thing used for crossing rivers’; they fasten timbers together and launch them on to the water and they do not sink; with it they cross the water Vel. 278 (quotn.); sal ‘a thing constructed of wood and reeds on which they sit and so cross deep rivers’ San. 235V. 26 (quotn.): Kip. xıv ša:l ‘poles ("ıden) put together and tied’; one climbs on to it on a r\\'tr (al-bahŋ, and so crosses from one side to the other; an (Ar.) word for it is al-tanf (properly ‘a raft of inflated skins’) Id. 59.

VU?F 2 sa:l (lacquer) Hap. leg.; ‘lacquer’. Prob. a l.-w., PTokharian (Agnean ?) or Indian, not Chinese. Cf. 1 sir (color, paint, glaze, silvering, lacquer). Xak. xı sa:l luzücet tuttaxad mina'l--gira ‘viscous substances made of glue’; they are smeared on Chinese and other wooden bowls (al-qisa); then they are carved (or painted?, yunqaš ’alayhe) Kaš. III 157.

VU si:l (mild, temperate, abstemious) Hap. leg.; ‘abstemious’. Xak. xı si:l kiši: 'an abstemious (qatin) person’, that is one who dislikes (yu'ef) eating all (sorts of) food; si:l at ‘n horse which eats sparingly’ (qalilu'l--i’tilef) Kaš. III 134.

so:l (šo:l) (left (side)) ‘left’ (opposite to ‘right’). S.i.a.m.l.g.; SW Tkm. so:l. See soltun (left, east). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sol közi ‘his left eye’ Suv. 595, 12; sol atsız ergek ‘the left ring finger’ TT V, p. 16, Note A 54, e: Xak. xı so:l elig ‘the left (al-yusre) hand’ Kaš. III 134; a.o. I 72 (elig): KB solındın ‘in his left hand’ 772; soluŋdın tamu orni ‘the position of hell is on your left’ 917; a.o. 405e: xııı (?) Tef. solleft’ (side) 273:xiv Muh. al-yadu l-yusre (in Turkistan) so:l elig, (in our country) šo:l elig Mel. 7, 15; Rif. 79; yasar ‘to the leftso:l el 14, 10; 90: Čağ. xv ff. sol sol taraf Vel. 297 (quotn.); sol cenib-i čap ‘the left side’ San. 24er. 17 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 158: Kom. xıv ‘left; on the left’ sol CCD Gr.: Kip./Tkm. xıv šol al-šamel ‘left’ in Tkm.; also called šağ and šon Id. 59 (šağ, the Tkm. word for ‘right’, is an obvious error; soŋ (sic) a Sec. f. of so:l, prob. due to the influence of ‘right’, is noted in NW Krım, R IV 533); šamel šolda: Bul. 14, 5: xv šamel šol Kav. 35, 4; Tuh, 3ia, 7; yasar šol do. 39a. 9; 73b. 8. \\\

sö:l (juice, sap, lymph) ‘the juice in meat; lymph’; survives in NW Kk., Nog. söl; Kaz. sül. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (demons) söl ašlığlar ‘who eat serum or lymph’ U II 61, 10; a.o. U III 41, 0-1 (ii) (kabar-): Xak. xı sö:l ‘the juice (al-rutuba) in a tree or meat’; hence one says sö:llüg et ‘meat which has not been thoroughly cooked (juicy), so that traces of blood remain in it’ Kaš. III 134 (prov., see kadig).

Mon. V. SL-

sal- (move) basically ‘to move (something Acc.), to put into motion’, with some implication of violent motion, and a wide range of extended meanings. S.i.a.m.l.g. ae a Trans., Intrans., and Aux. V. Cf. kemiš-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. bödiyü kolin sala [gap] ‘dancing and waving her arms’ U II 24, 4: Civ. bu iič [gap] birgerü salıp kayınturup ičgül ‘stir these three... together, boil them, and drink them’ H I 193-4; (in an agreement for the lease of a vineyard, after a list of various taxes on it) biz salmazbiz tep biz Budaširi Baxšıka tapšurup berdimiz Sve are not responsible for paying them; we have handed them over and entrusted them to Buddhasri Baxšı USp. 14, 15-16; a.o. TT VII42, 5 (beltiŋ: Xak. xı ol maga: to:nın saldı: ‘he waved (lama'a) his garment at me’; and one says ol maga: kİši:de: altun saldı: ‘he made me spend (1axraca lŋ money on the man’; and su:v yığa:čığ saldı: ‘the water washed away (laqafa) the wood’ (etc.); also used when a man signals (awma'a) with his hand from afar Kaš. II 24 (sala:r, salma:k): xııı (?) At. takab-burnı yardin salıpdrive pride away from the place’ (and cling to humility) 267; isiz-likdin öeni sıgaru salıpdrawing yourself aside from wickedness’ 36e: xıv Muh. (Mel.) abla'a ‘to cause to swallow’; (Rif.) ablağa ‘to bring (to a place)’ sa:l- 21, 11; 102; ba'ata ‘to send’ sa:l- 24, 1; 105; xala (read xalhl ‘to release’, see al-taxlfya) sa:l- 26, 1; 108; al-taxliya ša:lmak 36, 1; 121: Čağ. xv ff. sal- (-mak, etc.) sal-) also used for yürek oynaması ‘of the heart, to palpitate’, and harakat ve idtireb ‘to move, agitate’ Vel. 276 (quotns.); ditto also in the meaning of 'acz ‘to be weak, incapable (?)’ 277 (quotn.); sal- andaxtan ‘to throw’, and idtireb kardan ‘to agitate’, and mudtarib saxtan dil ‘to make the heart palpitate’; in the last meaning it is both Trans, and Intrans. but cannot be used without the word ‘heart’ San. 232V. 24 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı sal- ‘to throw’ 'Ali 31: xıv sal- ‘to put, put down, throw down’, etc. Qutb 152; MN 165, etc.: Kıp. xıv šal- arsala ‘to send’ İd. 59:xv rama 'an gayri’l-qan's ‘to throw’ (but not ‘to shoot’ an arrow) ša:l- (/bırak-) Kav. 74, 2 (but ‘to shoot’ an arrow at-); rame (bırak-/ kemiš-/) šal- (/yık-) Tuh. 17a. 13; laqqaha ‘to throwšal- (/bırak-/kemiš-) do. 22a. 10: Osm. xıv ff. sal- is noted with eleven different meanings TTS I 595; II 786; III 592; IV 657-

PU sil- (rub, wipe, smear, massage, caress, stroke, plaster) basically ‘to rub (something Acc.)) to wipe’ (often with the connotation of wiping \825\ clean), with various extended meanings like ‘to smear (plaster or mud) on to (a building); to massage; to caress, stroke’. Most modern forms have back vowels and are Diss.: NE Sag. sıla- ‘to smear, plaster’; Tüm. ‘to rub’ R IV 652: SE Türki sıla- ‘to caress, stroke; to rub, rub down; to Ratter' Jarring 273: NC Kır. sıla- 'to stroke, caress’; Kzx. sil- (? sila-)/ sılan- ‘to rub off; to strip (flesh from bones); to smear; to massage’: SC Uzb. sila- ‘to smoothe, stroke’: NW all languages sıla- ‘to stroke, caress; to massage; to smear’: but SW Az., Osm. sil-; Tkm. si:l- ‘to wipe, polish, clean, erase’. As the word is omitted fr. Kaš. and the only early der. f.s are sillg, and perhaps slli:, q.v., it is uncertain whether it was originally sil- or slli:-, but it certainly had front vowels. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. türtüngü slUp ‘rubbing on ointment’ U II 40, 106-7: (Xak.) xıv Muh. mahe ‘to erase’ (VU) 8İ1-Mel. 31, 7; Rif. 115 (masaha (‘to wipe’) wa maha); masaha yadahu ‘to wipe the hands’ sile:- 115 (31, 5 611: sürt-); al-mash sllmak (unvocalized) 121 (only): Čağ. xv ff. sil- (so spelt) pek kardan ‘to cleanse’ San. 255r. 13: Xwar. xıv sil- ‘wipe, wipe away’ Qutb 157 (note form silğeymen), 164 (sıla- in error): Kip. xrn masaha sil- Hou. 33, 13: xıv ditto Id. 53; masaha wa mahe sil- (-mek) Bui. 8rr.:xv masaha sil- Kav. 9, 21; 74, 1; Tuh. 25b. 13.
825

sol- See soluš-.

Dis. SLA

VUD sili: (trowel) Hap. leg.; the sin has a fatha in the MS., but if al-mityan (sic in the MS.j, a word not contained in the ordinary dicts., means, as morphologically it should, 'a mason’s trowel’ or the like, this is best explained as a Dev. N. (Conc. N.) in -i: fr. sil- (rub, wipe, smear, massage, caress, stroke, plaster). Xak. xı sili: al-mifyan Kaš. III 233.

Dis. V. SLA-

D salla:- (sail) Den. V. fr. 1 sa:l; ‘to put (people) on a raft’. This V. has been plausibly restored in Uyğ. vııı Šu. S 1, see altın (below, beneath, lower, under). It has no connection w. SW Osm. salla- ‘to swing, shake, hold in suspense’, and the like, which is an irregular der. f. of sal- (move).

DF sola:- (chain, fasten, interlock) Den. V. fr. so:; lit. ‘to chain, fasten with chains’, metaph. ‘to interlock’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. PP 31, 5-6 (so:); TT V 8, 55 (İČtirti:): Civ. (then that mucus dries like clinging mud) [gap] a:kağ yolla:rda: sola:p kodor perhaps ‘[the disease] fixes and deposits [mucus] in the respiratory passages’ TT VIII I.y.

S sula- See suvla:-.

D sü:le:- (raid, campaign, поход) Deri. V. fr. sü:; ‘to campaign’. Common in Türkü, but otherwise n.o.a.b. Türkü vııı süle:- and the syn. phr. sü: süle:- occur nearly thirty times in I, II, T, e.g. ilgerü: šantu:g yazı:ka: tegi: süledim ‘I campaigned eastwards as far as the Shantung plain’ / S 3; sü: sülepen ‘making campaigns’ \\\ (he subdued peoples in every direction) I E 2, II E 3: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if I have deprived other people of their lives) sü sülep ‘by making campaigns’ (putting on armour, etc.) U II 78, 30; 86, 47; TT IV io, 12: Civ. sü sülemek is the name of a hexagram TT I 31: Xak. xı beg yağı:ka: süle:di: ‘the beg campaigned against (ğaze) his enemy’; originally sü:Ie:df:, then the -Ü:- was shortened Kaš. III 271 (sü:le:r, sü:le:me:k (sic)\ verse): (xiv Muh. (?) sü:le:- is entered in the margin against habasa ‘to make prisoner’ (capture) zinda:nla:- (Pe. l.-w.) in Rif. 107).

Tris. SLB

sulifa title see xulifa title

Dis. SLC

(D) sa:lčı: (cook, cook’s knife) Hap. leg.; N.Ag. meaning ‘cook’, but there is no appropriate word *sa:l to provide a basis for it. Xak. xı sa:lčı: al-matbaxi fi ašli'1-luğa originally ‘cook’; thence ‘a large kitchen knife’ (šafratu' l-mafbaxi) is called sa:lčı: biče:k Kaš. III 442.

Dis. SLD

D soltun (left, east) Den. Adj./Adv. fr. so:l; lit. ‘situated on the left’; in the early period also, as a Cardinal Point, ‘in the east’ in the south-oriented system. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. soltun ‘in the east’ TT VI 94-5 (ogtun); soltun yigak ‘on the left’ X 159: Civ. soltın bašı ‘the left side of the head’ TT VII 34, 6; o.o. do. 9 (‘ear’); do. 12 (‘eyebrow’): Xak. xı KB (God is neither behind nor in front) na soldın oŋun ‘nor to the left or right’ 18.

Dis. V. SLD-

PUD solat- Hap. leg.; occurs in a text which certainly contains transcription errors; in the same line yağak was transcribed yasak. The meaning is within limits clear, but although the word can hardly be a Caus. f. of sola:- it is hard to make an alternative suggestion. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if a man erects a monastery the size of a nutshell (see yağak) and) buğday evininče burxan körklndin solatsar ‘adorns it (?) with a statue of Buddha the size of a grain of wheat’ (and puts in it a reliquary the size of one seventh of a perilla seed) Pfahl. 6, 6.

D sület- (sü:let-) (raid, campaign, поход) Caus. f. of sü:le:- (raid, campaign, поход); ‘to launch (troops) on a campaign’ and the like. N.o.a.b. Türkü vııı on ok süsi:n sületdim ‘I sent out the army of the On Ok (Western Türkü) on a campaign’ T 43; xaganimin (sic) sületdimiz ‘we persuaded my xağan to start a campaign’ T 53.

D saltur- Caus. f. of sal-; s.i.m.m.l.g. w. minor phonetic changes (-t-/-d-, -U-/-1-) and the same wide range of meanings as sal-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. burxanlarka sačığ tökük salturup ‘have offerings and libations put (or thrown) before the Buddhas’ (and give food to the spirits) TT VII 25, 7-8: Xak. xı (after Oğuz phr.) ol maga: yeg salturdi: ‘he ordered someone to wave a sleeve at me’ (hatte alma'a bi-kumma ilayya); also used for \826\ ordering someone to throw (bi-farh) something Kaš. II 187 (salturur, saltıırma:k): Oğuz xı ol meni: aga:r salturdi: amara bi'1-ihela U 'alayhi ‘he ordered me to make a payment to him’ (?) Kaš. II 187 (followed by Xak.): Osm. xv saldur- ‘to cause (someone) to abandon or give up (something)’ TTS IV 655.
826

Dis. SLĞ

D salığ (army tax, mark, weapon) Dev. N. fr. sal- (this, rather than salık, was prob. the original form) with a wide potential range of meanings. In the early period it meant some form of tax, and was the common word for ‘tax’ in the Golden Horde, see Caferoğlu in T M IV, p. 41. It survives in this sense as s^lik in SE Tar. R IV 359; Türki BŠ 386. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. borluknug negü kim salığı zaketı bolsar ‘whatever taxes and poor-rates (Ar. l.-w.) fall on the vineyard’ USp. 2, 8; salığ bergü bolmiš üčün ‘because they have become liable to pay taxes’ do. 25, 7; o.o. do. 14, 14 (basığ); 30, 5 (?): (Xak.) xıv Rbğ. salığ ber- ‘to point out’ (of the hand) (a route; lit. ‘togive a wave’) RIV359 (quotn,): Čağ. xv ff. salig/salik (1) 'a government assessment (tawcih-i mülkî) imposed on a country for (the pay of) a mercenary army’ (quotn.); (2) sııreğ tea nišen ‘a sign or mark’ (quotn.); (3) harba ‘weapon of war’ (Pe. quotn.) San. 234r. 14: Osm. xıv salık (1) ‘news, information’; (2) ‘some kind of weapon’, and salik/salu ver- *to point out, indicate’; in several texts TTS I 593; II 784; III 591; lVf>55-    *

D sola:k (left) prob. Dev. N./A. fr. *sola:- Den. V. fr. so:l; lit. ‘situated on the left’ or the like. Prob. the origin of Mong. soloğay ‘left, left hand; left-handed’ (Koru. 140x, Haliod 343). Survives for ‘left-handed’ in SW Osm., but all other languages seem to use some form of the Mong. word in this sense. The Kıp. xı meaning, not recorded elsewhere, seems to mean literally ‘the organ on the left’; Kaš.’s etymology is, of course, preposterous. Kip. xı sola:k ‘the spleen’ (al-tihel); the s- is altered from t- (i.e. in tala:k, q.v.); this is like the (Ar.) word sitt for sids and fast for tass (another example quoted) Kaš. I 411: (Kip. xv (?) al-a'sar ‘left-handed’ šolağay in text, šolak in margin in second (? SW) hand Tuh. 4a. 4): Osm. xvı ff. solak (metaph, for) ‘a personal bodyguard of the Sultan’; in several texts TTS 7/832; III 634; IV 699: xvııı solak in Rumi, ‘a man who uses his left hand’ San. 24er. 19.

S suluk See suvluk.

D salğa: Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. sal-. Xak. xı salğa: at ‘a restive (camu) horse’ Kaš. I 425.

D salkım (pendant (adj.), cold; hoar-frost (иний)) occurs in two quite different meanings (1) ‘cold; hoar-frost’, and the like, and rather later (2) ‘something pendulous, a bunch of grapes, ear-rings’, and the like. In the first sense it is syn, w. šarkım, q.v., which is prima facie a N.S.A. fr. sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag); but sark- means 'to \\\ hang limply’ and the like, so is semantically the basis of salkım in its second sense. On the other hand this is also one meaning of salın-, q.v. The explanation is perhaps that *salk-, a der. f. in -k- (Intrans.) of sal-, also meant ‘to hang limply’ and is the basis of salkım in its second sense, and that sark- and šarkım are Sec. f.s of these words. But the connection between sal- and its derivatives and ‘cold’ is obscure. Salkım in the sense of ‘a bunch of grapes’, and the like, survives in NW Kk. solkim: SW Az. salxim; Osm., Tkm. salkım; it does not survive in the sense of ‘cold’, but the cognate form salkın s.i.a.m.l.g., in NE Alt., Tel. for 'a violent (cold) wind’, elsewhere for ‘cool’, or ‘cold’ (weather). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (boil a few dry sirŋ bir keče taštın salkımkn t^güriip ‘expose them one night out of doors to the cold’ (and the next day take them and reduce them to ashes) II I 178: (Xak.) xııı (?) Tef. salkım ‘a bunch (of fruits)’ 2el(salğum ‘a mirage’ is a Sec. f. of sakım, q.v.): Čağ. xv ff. salkum (spelt) xûša-i aııgür ‘a bunch of grapes’ and the like, in Ar. 'uttqtld San. 234r. 10: Xwar. xııı salkum ‘a hunch of grapes’ 'AH 52: Kom. xıv ‘bunch of grapes’ salkum; ‘(cold) wind’ salkun (sic) CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-unqtld mina'l- anab wa ğayrihi salku:m Hou. 8, 1:xiv šalkum ditto; and one says bir šalkum üzüm yedim ‘I ate one bunch of grapes’ Id. 59: xv 'unqfid salkım Tuh. 25a. 11: Osm.xvi ff. salkım ‘pendulous ear-rings’ in several phr. TTS I 594; IV 656.

Mon. V. SLG-

silk- (shake, shiver) ‘to shake (something Acc.)’; s.i.a.m.l.g. as silk-/silik-/silki-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Hud. Suv. 49°. 17 (9aD): Xak. xı cr yığa:č silkdi: ‘the man shook (nafada) the tree’ Kaš. III 422 (silke:r, silkmcik): xki (?) Tef. silk- ‘to shake’ 269: xıv Muh. nafada sllkit- (? for sllki-) Mel. 31, 15 (only): Čağ. xv ff. silk- (spelt) taqandan ‘to shake, shake off’ San. 255V. 21: Kom. xıv ditto CCI; Gr. : Kip. xııı nafada silik- Hou. 36, 3: xıv silk- nafada Id. 53; ditto (but silik- before Suffs. beginning w. consonants) Bui. 83^: xv nafada mina’l--nafd silk- Kav. 76, 2; Tuh. 37a. 9.

Dis. SLG

D silig/silik (?) (clean, pure, smooth) Dev. N./A. fr. sil- (rub, wipe, smear, massage, caress, stroke, plaster); 'clean, pure, smooth’, and the like, lit. and metaph. The original form (or forms?) is uncertain. The only certain early -k is in Türkü and there the second vowel is not marked and might have been -Ü-. Medieval and modern forms like slli: point to -ğ, Osm. silik to -k. Both forms may have existed, but if so were syn. Türkü vııı (VU) sİHk kız oğlın 'their pure (i.e. virgin) daughters’ I F. 7, 24; II E 7: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud, (the lay sister) Tegriken tegln (PU) sllig terken kunčuy terjrim P.N. Pfahl. 6, 4: Xak. xı (PU) sllig er al-raculu’l-- zarifu’I - ttaqtyu’l - hasanu’l - latif u’I - kalam ‘a man who is graceful, clean, good-looking, and a witty speaker’ Kaš. I 390: KB silig \\ particularly in the apostrophe ay silig is common; it consistently rhymes w. words ending in -g, bilig, tilig, ögdilig, etc.; 42 (kılık), 43 (alčak), 75 (1 okı:-), 527 (sa:v), 956 (akru:), 2072 (1 ö:z), etc.: xııı | ?) At. uluğka klčigke sılığ (or silik, sic, MSS. vary) kıl sözüŋ ‘speak honestly to great and small’ 35e: xıv Muh. (?) al-nazif ‘clean, pure’ 8i:li:g, quoted as a word ending in -g Rif. 77 (only): Čağ. xv ff. sılığ- (iiV) pek wa bi-'ayb ‘pure, faultless’ (also an abbreviation of ısıllğ ‘hot’) San. 25er. 7 (quotns.): Kom. xıv ‘pure’ sill CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı Ay slli: ‘clear (tiazif) moon’; P.N. of .slave girl Hou. 30, 18: xıv silik (MSS. se/ik) al-šebbu'l-zarlf ‘a graceful boy’... sili: malmüs (l, MS. malmas) ‘smoothed’ Id. 53.

Dis. SLG-

PUD sülük (army’s (horses etc.)) Hap. leg.; if correctly so transcribed perhaps A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. sü: meaning ‘army horses’. It is obviously not sülUk ‘a leech’ first noted in Čağ. xv ff. San. 24er. 2e: Kip. xııı Hou. 7, e: xıv İd. 53 and s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı KB (from the stockbreeders come food, clothing) mingü (mounting) at adğır sülük ‘riding horses, stallions, army horses (?)’ (and load-carrying baggage animals) 4441.

D sö:llüg (juicy, succulent) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. sö:l (juice, sap, lymph); ‘juicy’ (meat, etc.). Xak. xı Kaš. III 134 (so:l); n.m.e.

D silkim (quake, tremor) Hap. leg.; N.S.A. fr. silk- (shake); lit. ‘a single act of shaking’. The word, with sepük, also Hap. leg., occurs in the guide to good table manners. A translation can only be conjectural. Xak. xı KB (stretch out your right hand and pronounce the name of God; your food supplies will increase and you will become rich. Do not stretch out and take a meat ball opposite someone else; take whatever is opposite you and eat it. Do not draw a knife and pick up a bone on it) ayı bolma kovdaš ne silkim sepük ‘do not be excessively quarrelsome (? ; Hap. leg.) or upset the table-ware’ (?) 4599 (this would be easier if a corruption of ye silkme could be assumed).

Dis. V. SLG-

D silktür- Caus. f. of silk- (shake); ‘to have (something Acc.) shaken’, etc. S.i.s.m.l. Uyğ.vııı ff. Bud. (then the officials) kančanabatı balıkta čuŋ silktürüp ‘had a bell (or gong, Chinese 1.-w.) sounded in the city of Kancanavati’ U III 29, 13-14.

D silkin- Refl. f. of silk- (shake); s.i.s.m.l. as (1) Intrans. ‘to shake, shiver’; (2) Pass. ‘to be shaken’. Xak. xı er to:nın silkindi: ‘the man busied himself shaking (naftf) his garment’; and one says er silkindi: iqša'arra cildu'l-insen ‘the man’s skin quivered’; and tevey silkindi: ‘the camel was restless’ (intafada) Kaš. II 246 (silkinü:r, silkinme:k; prov.): Čağ. xv ff silkin- tagenda šudan ‘to be shaken’ San. 2.ser. 1 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 158: Kom. xıv ditto CCG; Gr.: Kip. xv intafada silkin- Tuh. 6b. 4.
827

Tris. SLG

PUD siligük A.N. fr. silig/silik; ‘cleanness, purity’, and the like, lit. and metaph. Xak. xı KB (a man must have gentleness) ham siligük kerek ‘and purity’ (or honesty ?; understanding and knowledge) 326; (Aytoldı started to speak placidly, and said what he had to say) siligük bile ‘with honesty (or sincerity?)’ 584: xıv Muh. (as an example of (1) ya representing -İ-; (2) haf representing -g-) al-nizafa ‘cleanness, purity’ si:li:gli:g Mel. 5, 18; 6, 9; Rif. 76, (77 see silig).

Tris. SLM

D sola:muk (left-handed, левша) Hap. leg.; prob. Dev. N./A. fr. *sola:-, cf. sola:k. Xak. xı sola:muk al-a'sar mina'1-ricel ‘a left-handed man’ Kaš. I 487.

Tris. V. SLM-

D salımlaš- Hap. leg.; Recip. Den. V. fr. *sahm, N.S.A. fr. sal-. Xak. xı <ol> anig birle: salımlašdı: cedalahu wa merefıu ‘he contended with him and opposed him stubbornly’ Kaš. II 258 (salımlašu:r, salım-lašma:k; see note on konuklaš-).

Dis. SLN

D salŋu: (sling) Hap. leg.; in a section headed fa'Id for words containing -ŋ-; crasis of *salınğu: Dev. N. (N.I.) fr. salın-; ‘a sling’; in most modern languages ‘sling’ is some form of sapğan, not an ancient word, but in NC Kır. salmo:r Dev. N. fr. sal- w. Suff. -mo:r, prob. Mong., see Studies, p. 203. Xak. xı salgu: ‘a sling (al-xaddafa) used to throw pebbles’ (al-haše) Kaš. III 379.

Dis. V. SLN-

D salın- Refl. f. of sal-; s.i.m.m.l.g. with a wide range of meanings. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (of a dying man) altın erini boš bolup kodi salinsar ‘when his lower lip becomes loose and hangs down’ Suv. 595, 17; (of a corpse; the stomach bursts and) bağırsukları salınıp ‘its entrails hang out’ TT X 548-9: Xak. xı yinčü: kula:ktın salındı: ‘the pearl hung (tadalla) from the ear’; also used of anything that was hanging from something Kaš. II 154 (salinu:r, salınma:k): KB (fulfil God’s commands and offer Him your service) učup kir sarayka erejin salın ‘fly (i.e. die?) and enter the palace (of heaven) and grasp (?) its happiness for yourself’ 3672; a.o. n8 (küjek): xııı (?) At. takabbur libesın kedip tap salın ‘if you are wearing the garment of pride quickly cast it off’ 277; aya artak İšlig sevinčin salın ‘O man whose deeds are corrupt, cast away your pleasure in them’ 413; Tef. šadlık üze salınu salinu 'giving themselves over to joy’ 261: Čağ. xv ff. salın-/salil- andaxta šudan ‘to be thrown’ San. 233V. 5 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı ditto 'Ali 33: Kom. хiv ‘to be suspended, to hang (Intrans.)’ salm-CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv šalın- istarsala ‘to hang down’ Id. 59: (xv salın- in a second (SW?) hand in the margin against tadalle Tuh. 5a. 9 \828\ and ta'allaqa ‘to be suspended’ do. 10a. iŋ: Osm. xıv ff. salın- (i) 'to sway, wobble’; (2) ‘to be suspended’; (3) ‘to be thrown (into something Dat.)'; c.i.a.p. TTS II 785; III 592; IV 656.
828

Tris. SLN

D salındı: Intrans./Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. salın-; survives in SW Osm. salıntı ‘a swell at sea; swaying about’. Xak. xı salındı: otuŋ ‘firewood which a flood has thrown up (laqa-tabu) on the bank of a river’: salındı: ne:ŋ ‘anything thrown away’ (al-matruh): salındı: (MS. sal.ndt:) ‘a man’s plait of hair’ ('arf, ?read ’;trf), derived fr. the phr. salındı: ne:ŋ ‘the thing hung down’ (tadalle), it means ‘permanently hanging down’ (abada (n) mutadallŋ, an incorrect word (luğa ğavr fašîlıa) Kaš. I 449.

Tris. V. SLN-

D salintur- Caus. f. of salın-,• s.i.s.m.l., usually w. much the same meaning. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the maral deer) tillerin salin-turup ‘hanging out their tongues’ UIV34, 71.

D salŋu:la:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. salgu:; vocalized saltyuda:- in the MS., but this seems to be an error. Xak. xı üzüm salŋu:la:di: ‘the grapes hııng (tadalle) from the vine trellis’; and one says er ıtığ salt)u:1a:di: ‘the man threw a missile (rama... hi-qidafa) at the dog’ Kaš. III 410 (salŋu:la:r, salgu:la:ma:k).

Dis. V. SLŠ-

D salıš- Recip. f. of sal-; s.i.s.m.l. w. a wide range of meanings. Xak. xı ola:r Jkki: ye:ŋ salıšdı: ‘those two waved (lama'a) their sleeves at one another’; also used when they grasped one another by the shoulders (axada... 'ataf) in wrestling and pushed one another right and left; the original meaning is shaking (nafd) garments, etc. at one another Kaš. II 109 (salıšu:r, salıšma:k).

D soluš- Co-op. f. of sol- ‘to wilt, wither’. Sol- with the same meaning s.i.m.m.l. but is not noted earlier than Xwar. xııı 'AH 40: xıv Qutb 158; MN 349, etc. Xak. xı ya:š solušdı: ‘the vegetables (etc.) withered’ (dabala); also used of any vegetable or fruit when it has lost its freshness (dahabat tarawa-tuhu) Kaš. II 109 (solušu:r, solusma:k).

Mon. SM

se:m (remedy) not an independent word but a jingle w. em in the phr. em se:m, n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. uküš törlüg em sem ‘many kinds of remedies’ TT VI 264-5: Xak. xı ‘a remedy’ (af-ileč) is called em se:m; se:m is not used alone (yufrad) but (only) in the Hend. (yuz-dawac) Kaš. III 157; a.o. (em sem) I 407, 28: xııı (?) Tef. em semremedy’ 7e: Osm. xıv to xvı (onlv) ditto, common TTS I 267; II 381; /// 252; /F296.

si:m alliterative Pref.; see si:m simra:k. (food (kind))

süm alliterative Pref. in Oğuz xi; Kaš. I 338 (süčig).\\\

Dis. SMA

seme, säma (joyful, happy, cheerful) (OTD. p. 493, 495, SEMA' [а. ] см. säma' совершать радение; петь (веселый) ~ zealously, sing (joyful))

VUF soma: (sprouting barley, wheat) Hap. leg.; prob. a Chinese phr., the -ma: may be mailmn ‘wheat’ (Giles 7,602). Xak. xı sonia: the word for ‘sprouting wheat’ (hinta nutnahbata); it is dried and ground and made into porridge (al-'ašeyid) or bread; also ‘sprouting barley’ (al-ša'iŋ which is made into beer (xamiru'l-fuqqa) Kaš. III 234.

Dis. SMD

VU?F samda: (sandals) Hap. leg.; prob. a corruption of some form of Greek sandalion which is a l.-w. in several Oriental languages. Čiğli xı samda: al-šandalu'lladî yulbas ‘a sandal’ which is worn (i.e. not ‘sandal-wood’) Kaš. I 418.

D sımta:ğ (negligence, negligent) Dev. N./A. fr. simta:- (neglect); ‘negligent, negligence’; n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (of inferior men) Sanskrit pramattdnam ‘of the negligent, carelesssımta:ğla:rnıŋ) TT VIII A.2; a.o. U I 58 (mis-spelt šımtağ).

?F samdu:y (warm (food)) Hap. leg.; prob. a Chinese phr., sari tui. Xak. xı samdu:y ‘the word for any food which is somewhere between (ta'em mu tadil) hot and cold, as suits its character’ Kaš. III 240.

Dis. V. SMD-

simta:- (neglect) ‘to neglect, be careless about (something)’; l.-w. in Mong. as šimta- (Kow. 1507)/ šimda- (Haltod 379), where, no doubt owing to a misunderstanding of some Buddhist text, it means ‘to hasten, make great efforts, do one’s best’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (evildoers must be rounded up and arrested) yarašmaz kemišip sımtap boš ıdsar ‘it is not seemly to disregard or neglect them and let them go free’ Suv. 56 j , 1 2-j 3 ; o.o. U158.

D simta:l- (negligent) Pass. f. of simta:- (neglect) used as Intrans.; ‘to be negligent, careless’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vtıı ff. Bud. Sanskrit apramedavišayes-min ‘in this region of non-negligence’ simta:!-ma:ma:ki [gap] TT Vlll A.2; a.o. do. E.23; nom ermezde yorıdačı sımtal-mıšlar ‘those who behave irreligiously and are negligent’ Radloff, Kuan-fi-im Pusar 71, 16.

Tris. SMD

D sımta:ğsız (diligent) Priv. N./A. fr. sımtaîğ (negligence, negligent); ‘free from neglectfulness, or idleness’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (they observed your commandments) sımtağsız körjülün ‘with a mind free from neglectfulness’ TT III 131; o.o. do. 148; IX 4e: Bud. (at that time they become) sımtağsız kögüllüg; sımtağsız bolmišta ken ‘after having become free from neglectfulness’ (they can achieve all good things) Maitrisimit fragment, TT III, p. 30, note 131, 2; a.o. Suv. 247, 14-16 (2 örüg).

Dis. SMG

simek (copse, brushwood, thicket forest, jungle) this word and simekle:- (bury) (cemetery) raise some difficulties. Malov in Pamyatniki drevnetyurkskoi pis'mennosti, Moscow-Leningrad, 1951, \829\ p. 420, suggested w. refcs. to Suv. 5, 2 that it was identical w. Čuv. čimek (syimek) and meant ‘funeral feast’; but that word is merely the Čuv. equivalent of yemek ‘food’ and is quite irrelevant. In the vast majority of cases simek is used in the Hend. arığ (2 arığ (copse, wood, forest, jungle)) simek and seems to mean ‘copse (brushwood, thicket); forest, jungle’, or the like. In Suv. 602, 7 it is used by itself and cannot have this meaning. Semekle-, so spelt, in Suv. 5, 2 may be a different word. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. arığ simek U 111 10, 13-14 etc. (2 arığ); (on the banks of that river a large crowd of fishermen had collected and) balık tartğu simekin kilurlar erti Suv. 602, 7-8 (for continuation see 2 to:ğ) meaning obscure, possibly ‘and had made scoops (?) to catch the fish’, see simekle:- (bury) (cemetery).
829

Tris. V. SMG-

D simekle:- (bury) (cemetery) Den. V. fr. simek (copse; forest, jungle), q.v.; n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (he died... the people in the house) uluğ yiğit sığıt kılı[pölügüg] semeklegeli [. . . Bitmezken] üč kün ertip ba[rdı. törtünč] kün... Suv. 5, 1-4 (text restored by Rad.) the meaning suggested by Malov, op. cit. above, is ‘raised loud lamentations; three days passed and they had not yet succeeded in burying the corpse. On the fourth day...' in this context semekle- might mean ‘to carry out (to burial)’ or the like; (after the passage quoted under 2 to:ğ; it was impossible to block up that outlet quickly. Seeing this he thought ‘when this outlet was broken up, a deep channel formed’) ınčıp yüz miŋ kišiler birle simeklep terk tavrasar üč ayka tegi yeme bütürgülük iš ermez ‘so if a hundred thousand men together hurried to scoop up (earth) (?) the work of blocking it up could not be done within three months’ do. 602, 15-18.

Dis. SML

VUD sumlim (not knowing language) N.S.A. fr. sumli:- (babble); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı sumlim tat ‘a Persian who is completely ignorant (la ya'rif... albatta) of the Turkish language’; and anyone who does not know Turkish is called sumlim Kaš. I 486; a.o. II 347 (sumlit-).

Dis. V. SML-

D semle:- ( remedy) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. se:m ( remedy), used only in the Hend. emle:- semle:-. Xak. xı one says as a Hend. (fi'l-atba) ol am: emle:di: semle:di: ‘he treated him medically’ (Hend., 'alacahu wa dawShu) Kaš. III 298 (semle:r, semle:me:k; MS. in error ma:k).

VUDF simle:- (crush, mince) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. *sim, no doubt a Chinese l.-w.; ‘to crush, mince’, or the like. Cf. kinle:-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. H I 157 (čüwit).

VU sumli:- (babble) ‘to talk unintelligibly’; pec. to Xak. Xak. xı er sumli:di: ‘the man spoke a non-Turkish language (bi-kalem ğayri’l--turhtya) which the man addressed did not understand’ Kaš..dII 298. (sumli:r, sumli:ma:k): KB čičeklikte sandwač ünün sumlıdı ‘the nightingale sang unintelligibly (joyfully) in the flower garden’ 5972; a.o. 5677 (sügič).

VUD sumlit- (babble) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sumli:- (babble). Xak. xı ol am: sumlitti: ‘he urged him to talk a non-Turkish language’; this is because the Turks call anyone that does not know Turkish sumlim, just as the Arabs call anyone that does not know Arabic a’cami; that is the original (meaning), but if he later learns Arabic they still call him by this name; but the Turks, when he learns their language, remove him from the category of sumlim Kaš. II 347 (sumlitu:r, sumlitma:k).

VUD sumlıš- (babble) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of sumli:- (babble). Xak. xı tat kamuğ sumlıšdı: ‘the Persians all talked to one another in their own foreign language’ (tardtana... bi-luğatihim); also used of any people who talk to one another in a non-Turkish language Kaš. II 216 (sumlıšur, sumlıšma:k).

Dis. SMN

sama:n (straw, adobe, солома, саман) ‘straw’; s.i.a.m.l.g.; in SE: NC Kır.: SC: NW Kaz.: SW saman (Tkm. sarman, with long vowel transposed): NE Tuv. savag: NC Kzx.: NW Kk. saban. NW Kumyk, Nog. salam is a corruption of Russian soloma and not connected. Cf. 2 küvük (straw). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (food, slaughter cattle, and) yetl kaglı saman ‘seven wagons of straw’ USp. 92, e: Čigil xı samarn ‘straw’ (al-tibn) Kaš. I 415; a.o. in Xak. verse II 316, 11: xıv Muh. (?) al-tibn (ke:wük; in one MS.) šamam Mel. 77, 13: Čağ. xııı saman keh ‘straw’, in Ar. tibn San. 234r. 28: Kip ./Tkm. xııı al-tibn (kewük/šala:m — see above); Tkm. sa:ma:n IIou. 9, 14: xv tibn (kevvük) Tkm. šaman Tuh. 8b. 8: Osm. xv ff. saman oğrısı ‘the Milky Way’ (lit. ‘the thief of straw’); c.i.a.p. TTS I 597; 7/789; 111 594; IV 659; San. 234V. 1.

Tris. SMN

D samanlığ (straw, adobe, солома, саман) P.N./A. fr. sama:n (straw, adobe, солома, саман); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı samanlığ er ‘a man who owns straw’ (tibn) Kaš. I 499; a.o. 500, 12.

Dis. SMR

simra:k See si:m simra:k. (food (kind))

Dis. V. SMR-

simür- (gulp) ‘to swallow in a single gulp’; survives as simir- in NE Bar.: NC Kzx. and sümür- in SE Tar., Türki: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. Xak. xı ol sü:tüg simürdi: ‘he gulped down (’abba) the milk’ (etc.) Kaš. II 85 (simürür, simürme:k); bu er ol sü:tüg simürgern (MS. sümürgem) ‘this man is constantly gulping down milk’ (etc.) / 523; a.o. 525, 1: (xiv Muh. mašsa ‘to suck in’ so:r- Rif. 115 (only); al-mašš samurmak (jic) Mel. 37, 3; 123 might be this word mis-spelt or an error for so:rmak): Čağ. xv ff. sümür- (spelt) (bamangtdan(?) *to \\ murmur’; Pan error, not recurring), nûšidan 'to drink’ (recurring alone throughout the Conjugation), in Ar. mašš San. 240r. 27 (quotns.): Kom. xıv ‘to swallow’ slm- CCG; Gr. 220 (q.v., dubious).
830

Dis. V. SMR-

(D) semri:- (fat) ‘to be, or become, fat’; prima facie Den. V. fr. *semir, an R-Turkish form of semiz, q.v. S.i.a.m.l.g. as semir-, Xak. xı ko:y semrildi: ‘the sheep (etc.) became (or was) fat’ (samina) Kaš. III 281 (semri:r, semri:me:k); a.o. 11 365, 2e: KB 3600 (2 bulak): xıv Muh. samina semür- Mel. 27, 9; Rif. 110: Čağ. xv ff. semir- (‘with -r-’) farbih šudan ‘to be fat’, also spelt semir- San. 234r. 19; reverse entry 250r. 11: Kom. xıv ‘to be fat’ semir- CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv semir- samina with -r-, but semiz with -z samîn Id. 53: xv samina semir- (/semiz bol-) Tuh. 20a. 10: Osm. xv and xvı semri- (sic) ‘to be fat’; common until xvı TTS I 612; 11 808; HI 613; IV 675.

D semrit- (fatten) Caus. f. of semri:- (fat); ‘to fatten’; s.i.m.m.l.g. as semirt-. Türkü vııı ff. turuk at semrhti: ye:rin: öpen ‘a lean horse, remembering the place which fattened him’ IrkB le: Xak. xı er atın semritti: ‘the man fattened his horse’ (etc.) Kaš. II 333 (sem-ritü:r, semritme:k); a.o. do. 366, 1: KB özin semritür ‘he fattens himself’ 988; o.o. 990, 3549: xııı (P) Tef. semrit- (sic, unvocalized) ‘to fatten’ 267: Osm. xıv semrit- ditto; in two texts TTS II 808.

D semriš- (fat) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of semri:- (fat). Xak. xı atla:r kamuğ semrlšdi: ‘the horses (etc.) all got fat’ (axadat... fi’l-siman) Kaš. II 213 (semrišü:r, semrišme:k).

D simrüš- (gulp) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of simür- (gulp); the sin everywhere carries both kasra and damma. Xak. xı ol meniŋ birle: su:v simrüšdi: ‘he competed with me in gulping down (ft ’abb) the water’ (etc.) Kaš. 7/213 (sim-rüšü:r, simrüšme:k).

Tris. SMR

samurtuğ (complicated, entangled) Hap. leg. Xak. xı samurtuğ ı:š ‘a complicated (muxtalit) affair with no obvious way out’ (Id yudrd maxracuhu) Kaš. I 494.

VUD simürgük (bird type) a kind of bird; spelt semürgi'tk in the MSS., but KB 6609 shows that it must be a Dev. N. (connoting habitual action) fr. simür-; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı Bala:-sa:ğu:n dialect simürgük ‘a creature (jflj’) like a nightingale’; büč büč öter simürgük boğzı: üčün meŋlenü:r ‘the bird which sings its song (al-mutarrib bi-ilhdnihŋ when it is hungry picks up (yaltaqit) seed for the sake of its throat’ Kaš. II 290: KB (knowledge is a sea which has no bounds or bottom) neče suv kötürgey simürgük sora ‘however much water the simürgük may suck up and carry off’ 6609.

S samursak See sarumsak (garlic).

Dis. V. SMS-

(13) samsit- (injure) Hap. leg.; presumably Caus. f. of *samsi:-; the only recorded cognate V. seems to be NE Tel. samzil- ‘to lose one’s strength, collapse’ R IV 436. Xak. xı ol am: samsitti: ‘he injured him (addhu) with his tongue or hands’ Kaš. II 336 (samsitu:r, samsitma:k).

Tris. SMS

C si:m simra:k (food (kind)) Hap. leg.; listed among Mon.s w. a central long vowel, which shows that si:m is an alliterative Prefix. The second sin is unvocalized but must represent si; al-ra's means quite unspecifically ‘a head’ of an animal, garlic, or anything else and its precise meaning here is obscure. Čigil XI si:m simra:k ‘the name of a kind of food’ (al-ta'dm); a head (al-ra's) is cooked, cut up small, and put in an earthenware bowl (al-buslftqa) with spices (afawih); sour cream is poured over it until it matures (yudrik), then it is eaten Kaš. III 136.

Dis. SMZ

semiz (fat)fat’; etymologically connected w. semri:- (fat), q.v. S.i.a.m.l.g. Türkü vııı T 5 (ira:k): vııı ff. IrkB 65 (ağız): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (the trees and shrubs all become) semiz ‘fat’ (full of colour and sap...) Wind. 19: Xak. xı semiz ‘fat’ (al-samin; of any animal) this word agrees with (wdfaqat) Ar., except that they have changed the -n to -z; this is permissible (edyiz) in their language; they call ‘thou’ sen and ‘you’ siz, changing the -n to -z Kaš. I 365; a.o. I 285, 13: KB (this body is prone to evil) semiz tutsa ‘if it puts on fat' (it becomes more evil) 3599: xıv Muh. al-samtn (opposite to ‘lean’ aruk) semiz/ semi:z Mel. 48, 12; 65, 12; Rif. 152, 164: Čağ. xv ff. semiz (spelt) farbih wa tamht ‘fat’ and ‘precious’ (? error for samin); also spelt semiz San. 234V. 3; semiz farbih 25er. 12: Kom. ‘fat’ semiz CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-samin (opposite to ‘lean’ aruk) semiz Hou. 27, 18: xıv Tkm. semiiz al-samin; Kip. semiz ditto Id. 53: xv asman ‘fatter’ semiz Kav. 24, 10; samin semiz Tuh. 18b. 3.

Tris. SMZ

D semizlik (fatness) A.N. fr. semiz (fat); ‘fatness’; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı semizlik al-siman ‘fatness’ Kaš. I 507: xııı (?) Tef. semüzlik ditto 267: Čağ. xv ff. semizlik farbihi ‘fatness’ San. 234V. 4: Kip. xv (VU) sumtia ‘fattening food’ (?) semizlik Tuh. 49b. 8: Osm. xvı semizlik otu ‘purslane’ (in Osm. usually semiz otu) TTS IV 675: xvııı semizlik oti in Rttmi, xarqa ‘purslane’, in Ar. baqlatu'l--hamqd San. 234V. 4.

Mon. SN

D sa:n (count, respectable) Preliminary note. There is only one genuine Turkish word sa:ŋ, Dev. N. in -n (usually Inlrans./Pass.) fr. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think), basically 'number, estimate, calculation', which later acquired \831\ such meanings as ‘a military parade' (i.e. 'a count of the troops') and '(personal) esteem, reputation’, the latter following the development of meaning of say- (count) (sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think)) to mean 'to respect (someone)’. With one or two such meanings, esp. 'military parade', it became a l.-w. in Pe. (Japanese san) It s.i.a.m.l.g. A Pe. word sen meaning 'manner, resemblance', and the like used in such phr. as badın sen ‘in this manner’, and as a Suff. in words like pilsan ‘like an elephant' entered Turkish as early as KB and s.i.s.m.l. as a l.-w. San' san ‘in small pieces' noted in Čağ. and s.i.s.m.l. is merely a quasi-onomatopoeic not noted in the early period.
831

D sa:n (count, respectable) Dev. N. fr. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); see above. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. altmıš İki kotı, sam Gang ögüz İčindeki kum samnča bodısatvlar ‘the Bodhisattvas, 62 crores in number, equal to the number of (grains of) sand in the river Ganges’ Kuan. 84 (and UII 15, 11); (if a man has no faith) ol neg kiši sanığa klrmez ‘he is not reckoned as a human being’ TT V 26, 114; o.o. IV6, 25 (sakıš) etc.: Civ. Yazdigird elig sanı Uč yüz takı sekiz altmıš ‘ (the year) 358 of the era of King Yazdigird’ TT VII 9, 11-13; kün teŋri bun sanı bir takı üč tsu ‘the basic (Chinese l.-w. pin) number of the sun is one and three-quarters’ do. 13-15; sa:n ‘number’ is common in TT VIII L.; birmiš büznig sanı ‘the number of cotton cloths which I have distributed’ USp. 31, 4-5; a.o.o.: Xak. xı sa:n al-'adad ‘number’; one says ko:y sa:nı: neče: ‘how many sheep are there?’ Kaš. III 157; a.o. III 429, e: (KB sanı in such phr. as yinčü sanı ‘like a pearl’, 2ii, is very common; o.cf. 266, 493, 1916, 2684, 5780, etc.; it is the Pe. l.-w. sen mentioned above): xııı (?) At. sanarmu ediz kum ušak taš sanı ‘can one count (the grains of) tall sand dunes and pebbles?’ 60; (the rich man... dies and) berür sanını ‘renders up the number’ (of his goods; or ‘his accounts’ ?) 276; Tef. san ‘number’ 261: Čağ. xv ff. san hiseb wa sağıš ‘number, calculation’ Vel. // 279 (quotns.); san (1) šumera wa hiseb ‘number, counting’ in general (quotn.), and šumera wa 'ard-i laškar ‘numbering and reviewing troops’ in particular; (2) pera-i 'udw ‘part of a limb’ (?) (quotns.); (3) one says san san meaning šarha šarha ‘in slices’ San. 235V. 2 (followed by seven meanings in Pe. including menand ‘resembling’): Xwar. xıv san (‘like’ Qutb 152; MN 89, etc.); ‘reputation’ MN: Kom. ‘number’ san CCI; Gr. : Osm. xıv ff. san noted in various meanings, 'number, calculation’ (sometimes in san sağıš); ‘reputation’; various meanings which seem to be Pe., and as Imperat. of san- TTS I 597; II 790; III S94; IV 660.

saŋ Preliminary note. There is one meaning in which saŋ is not demonstrably a l.-w., though even there it might be. Otherwise in Uyğ. saŋ represents Chinese l.-w.s: (1) in U II 86, 41 (sanliğ) it is a Sec. f. of saŋ, q.v.; (2) in H II 30,1144 it is the name of an unidentified drug; (3) in the formula namo saŋ "homage to the community’ it represents tsfing the Chinese transcription of Sanskrit sangha. ‘ .

saŋ (bird’s dung, mistletoe, Loranthus) Hap. leg.; but see saŋla:-, saŋlat-. Xak. xı sag salhul-feyir ‘bird’s dung’; hence one says kuš saŋı: darqu’l-feyir (this also means ‘bird’s dung’, but is generally used in Ar. fofr ‘mistletoe, Loranthus’ and may have this meaning here) Kaš. III 357. ’

sen (thou) the 2nd Pers. Sing. Pron. ‘thou’. The vocalization follows the same irregular pattern as ben, q.v., the Dat. having always been saŋa: (to you, тебе). In other cases the vowel was almost certainly -e-; spellings w. -Ğ- are fairly common in some dialects, but it seems impossible to find any grammatical explanation of the difference. In Türkü sen was used both as Sing, and as Plur., the regular Plur. siz not being found in these texts, perhaps fortuitously, but in Xak., q.v., it was regarded as uncivil to address anyone except an inferior as sen. C.i.a.p.a.i. Türkü vııı sen occurs several times attached to V.s, e.g. ölteči: sen ‘you will die’ I S 8, II E 6; s^ni: Tavğačığ ölu:rteči: ‘they will kill you Chinese’ T 10 (the only example of -e-); ben sege: (so spelt, perhaps in error) ne: ayayım ‘what shall I say to you?’ T 32: vııı ff. Man. ay sen Waruk-dad oğulı senig ayğag ančağ ol ‘O thou, son of WarukdadI Thy words are thus’ M III 23, 6 (ŋ1; örtengey sen ‘thou shalt be burnt’ do. \\ 23, 4 (ii); sini okiyur men ‘I am calling thee’ do. 23,12 (in: Uyğ. vııı ölmečİ: yitmeči: sen ‘you will not die or get lost’ Šu. E 5: vııı ff. Bud. the normal form is sen (often spelt in), e.g. sen nečük ozdug ‘how did you escape?’ PP 54, 4; but sen occurs in barmağay sen do. 19, 3; seni teğ ‘like you’ U III 53, 7 (ii) (doubtful reading); in TT VIII the forms are se:n and sernig: Civ. the normal form is sen, e.g. sen... bergil, sen ök tapšırıp ber-geysen ‘do you give...; you shall hand over and give it’ USp. 17, 14-16; but seni bertgeli ‘to wound you’ TT I 17; sinide boldi do. 126-7; seni birle ‘with you’ TT VII 30, 2 (same document): Xak. xı sen a Pron. (harf) meaning ‘thou’ (anta); the Turks address this word only to children (al-šiğeŋ, servants, and anyone junior to them in age or rank; and anyone enjoying respect or (high) rank (lahu hurma wa martaba) they address as siz, with -z; the Oğuz reverse this practice and say sen to an adult (or great man ?, li’l-kabtŋ and siz to children and for the Plur. (li’l-cam') also; this is the rule (al-qiyas) for both (peoples) because siz is the Plur. Kaš. I 339; both sen and seni:, senig, saga:, sende:, šendin are common in Kaš.: KB sen, senl (33,194, etc.), Senig, saga, senigdin (7, 23, etc., perhaps only metri gratia) are the standard forms: Gancak xı se:n ‘thou’ (anta); the Turks say sen, and in this the Gancak pronunciation is corrupt (taraddala) because they always use e (for e, tatba'u’l-kasra; followed by an irrelevant note regarding the Oğuz use of w \832\ and u/ii for Turkish V and ı/ŋ Kaš. III 138:x 111 (?) At. sen, senig, saga are regular; the MSS. vary between seni, sende and seni, sende; Tef. sen, seni, senig, saga/sagar, sendin/senigdin 267: xıv Muh. sen, senig, saga, senden noted in Mel. 6 ff., Rif. 77 ff.: Čağ. xv ff. sen xitah ediip ‘as a Vocative’ sen Vel. 2QO; sen 2nd Pcrs. Sing. Pron. tii ‘thou’, used both at the beginning and nt the end of a plır. e.g. sen sön til-i ‘thou nrt’ San. 258r. 5: Xwar. xıı (?) the standard forms in Oğ. are sen, senig/sennig, sendin and irregularly senler/senler; siz not used: xıv sen passim Qutb, MN: Kom. xıv sen, senl, senig, saga (also spelt sağa, sa'a), sende, senden CCI, CCG; Gr. 217 (quotns.): Kip. xııı sen Hou. 50, 8 etc.; senin 52, 8; saga: (triply dotted hef) 52, 12: xıv sen Pron. meaning ‘thou’ Id. 54; ma'ak senin bile Bui. 14, 13; lak saga: (sanga:) and senün (sic) 15, 2; ‘thou’ sen 16, e: xv sen Kav. 21,1 etc.; saga: (sağa:) 21, 2; seni: 32,11; senin (bile:) 34, 4; senden 45, 6; sende: 45, 15; seni Tuh. 41a. 12, etc.; senden 73b. 3.
832

sı:n Preliminary note. Kaš.’s theory that the second word is merely a special meaning of the first is not plausible and the two have been listed separately. See sına:- (test, try).

1 sı:n (human body, statue, size) originally ‘the human body’, hence ‘stature, height, external appearance’, and the like. Survives in the latter meanings in NE: SE: NC Kır.: NW Kk., Kaz., Nog., and in some of them for ‘statue’, esp. one on a grave. Cf. 1 bo:d. Türkü vııı ff. Man. M III 16, 1 (i) (kedür-); do. 18, 13 (ii) (közün- (visible, appear)): Uyğ. vııı ff. bu beš yar[uk teŋri] smlari ‘the bodies of these five light-gods’ M I 21, 5-6  (ı); o.o. do. 23, 33 (bača:); M III 13, 19 (in: Bud. sının bodın kırtıšın ‘his body, stature, and complexion’ Suv. 593, 20-1: Civ. (if there is an illness on a Monkey Day, it makes a man’s head ache and) sının sıšlatur ‘his body swell’ TT VII 24, 21-2 (transcribed samn, no doubt in error): Xak. xı si:n al-qadd wa’l-qama ‘size, stature’; one says bo:dluğ sı:nlığ kiši: ‘a tall (tawil) man’ Kaš. III 138 (and see 2 sı:n (tomb)): KB bod sin 1849 (2 kuŋ, 2663: xııı (?) Tef. sinim sügüküm ‘my body and bones’ 271.

2 sı:n (tomb) ‘tomb’; survives only (?) in SW Osm. sin (51c); v. G. in TT VI, p. 89 suggested that this might be a l.-w. fr. Chinese ts'in (ch'in, Giles 2,091) ‘the rear hall in an ancestral temple’, but this is impossible since in Middle Chinese this word had a final -m, not -n. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if one plans to construct) ölüg kiši üčün sın orun ‘a tomb for a dead man’ TT VI 289-90; a.o. U II 53, 5 (iii) (suburğan): Xak. xı (after 1 sı:n) hence ‘a tomb’ (al-qabŋ has been called si:n because it is the length of a man’s stature Čala qadri'l-qama): si:n al-qabr; ka:tu:n sum: a town between Taqut and China (al-Štn) Kaš. III 138; sı:nka: kirüp körü: yanmn:s ‘a man who enters the tomb does not return’ III 65, 2: \\\ xıv Muh. (l) al-qabr Sin; (al-maqbara ‘cemeterysınla:ğ) Rif. 179 (only): Čağ. xv ff. sın (‘with -ı-’) qabr wa madfan-i amwat ‘tomb, burial place’ San. 258r. e: Xwar. xııı sin ‘grave’ 'Ali 52: Kom, xıv sin ‘a memorial statue (balbal)’ CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-qabr wa’l--šanam ('statue') sin Hou. 6, 11: xv šaxs ‘statue’ šın (/abak) Tuh. 21a. 5; šanam sin do. 22I1. 5: Osm. xıv ff. sin (sic, consistently sprit with sin not fad) ‘grave’; c.i.a.p.; and sinle ‘cemetery’ down to xvil T'J'S I 627; II 824; III 627; / V 692.

siŋ (humm, buzz) (sing) onomatopoeic for a humming or buzzing noise; n.o.a.b. Cf. siŋek (buzzing insect), siŋi:le:- (whine, moan). In some Uyğ. Bud. texts siŋ is a mistranscription of šeŋ, q.v. Xak. xı one says kula.’kim siŋ etti: ‘my ear buzzed’ (tanna); and kömi:če: (MS. köminče:) siŋ etti: ‘the gnat buzzed’ (naqqa), also used of a fly buzzing Kaš. III 358: (xiv Muh. (?) al-anin ‘to groan’ siŋa:tmak (unvocalized) might represent siŋ et- or at- Rif. 125 (only)).

For a linguist, it should take an effort not to notice correspondence between Türkic siŋ (sing) “humm, buzz” and English sing “make melodious sounds”. The effort is visible in an omission of the verb siŋ (sing) “humm, buzz” (OTD, 1969, p. ) from the listing of the verbs (below), and in evading citation of all textual illustrations for the concealed correspondence, as is done with all other cases except where English and Türkic words are related. The effort is even more ominous because the Türkic verb siŋ- (sing-) carries two meanings, “make sounds” and “sink”, both carried to English and in a feat of paradigmatic transfer both have survived into the modern English: Türkic siŋ-, English sing/sink. Even worse, a puzzling pretentiously puzzled note accuses M. Kashgari in error for listing the word twice, without disclosing what was the M. Kashgari's second entry (See siŋ- (sink) below). The memorial for the outstanding linguist will remain marred by indisputable scientific falsification.

VU so:n (kind (man) Hap. leg. Xak. xı ‘a good-natured, kind-hearted (al-layyinu’l-cenibi'1-salimu'l--qalb) man’ is čalled so:n kiši: Kaš. III 138.

F su:n (inch (Chinese)) the Chinese word ts'un ‘a (Chinese) inch’ (Giles 11,965) one-tenth of a Chinese foot (see 2 čığ), noted as tsun, q.v., in Uyğ. Bud. is also spelt su:n in the passages below. Kaš.'s exact meaning is uncertain; al-suftaca means ‘a bill of exchange, cheque’, and the like. The reference is perhaps to Chinese paper currency; these notes varied a good deal in size; it can hardly be to physical gold. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. II I 146 (otura:): Xak. xı su:n altu:n ‘a currency note expressed in gold’ (al-suftaca tnina'l-dahab); it is something exceeding an inch and up to a cubit in length (me zeda 'ale tûli'l-išba' ile'l-dire') Kaš. III 138.

soŋ (1 end, back, later, last, subsequent, then, afterwards, after, leave behind; 2 descendants) originally perhaps physically ‘the end, or back’ of something, but normally used of time, as a N. ‘the end’, an Adj. ‘later, subsequent’, and an Adv. or Postposn. ‘afterwards, after (w.Abl.y. S.i.a.m.l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. munda (? read mundin) soŋafter this’ USp. 103, 11: Civ. soŋ fııfsı bilge ‘the later sage Confucius’ (in antithesis to ‘the former (söki) kings’) TT I 106; (this man’s body at first (burunda) suffered and is still (amti maj suffering) soŋ yorıyu edgüke tegir ‘later he will proceed and reach a good state’ TT VII 28, 47; bu küntin soŋ ‘from today onwards’ USp. 21, 11; 51, 4; antin soŋafter that’ do. 98, 4-5: Xak. xı soŋ 'aqibu'l-insan ‘a man’s descendants’: soŋ a Particle (harf) meaning ‘after’ (ba'dl; MS. ba'ad); hence one says sen meniŋ soŋda: kel ‘come behind me’ (halft): soŋ ‘the end’ (axir) of any thing or action, one says bu: sö:z soŋında: ayğıl ‘speak yourself at the end of this speech’ Kaš. III 357: xııı (?) At. kamuğ ebedennıg xarab ol soŋi ‘ruin is the end of every (period of) prosperity’200; o.o. i4 (ud-), 181 (yügür-), etc.; Tef. soŋ ‘the end; afterwards’; anda/andın soŋ 273: xıv Muh. ba'd so:ŋ Mel. 14, \833\ 8; Rif. 90; exiru' l-layl ‘the end of the night’ dü:n so:ŋi: 80, 7; 185 (tü:n); a.o. 179 (only): Čağ. xv fF. soŋ šoŋra ‘afterwards’ Vel. 299; soŋ (spelt) pas tva 'aqab tea ba’d ‘then, afterwards’ (quotns.); and metaph. axiri ‘latter, last’ (quotn.) San. 247r. 21: Xwar. xııı (?) phr. like andın soŋ are very common in Oğ.: xıv soŋ ‘the end (of something)’ Qutb 158; w. Abl. ‘after’ MN 7e: Kom. xıv ‘lastsoŋ CCI, CCG\ Gr. 222 (phr.): Kip. xıv šon (? for šoŋ) axir; šona koy- axxara ‘to put, or leave, behind’ Id. 60; ba'd (hanüz/) šoŋda: Bul. 13, 10: xv exir šoŋ Tuh. 3b. 10; 62b. 3: Osm. xıv ff. soŋ in various phr., esp. soŋ uc ‘consequcnce, result’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 631;; 7/833; 7/7 634; IV 700.

For a linguist, it should take an effort not to notice correspondence between Türkic soŋ (song) “offspring, descendant” and English son “male offspring, male descendant”. The effort is visible in not separating semantically the distinct meanings into separate entries, as is done with all other cases except where English and Türkic semantics is related, and evading citation of all textual illustrations for the concealed correspondence. The memorial for the outstanding linguist will remain marred by scientific falsification. The preceding OTD, 1969, p. 508, in contrast, note the correspondence with reference to Mahmud Kashgari III 357.
833

Mon. V. SN-

D san- (sa:n-) (count, deem, think, suppose, conjecture) Refl. f. of sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); basically ‘to count oneself, to be counted’, hence, very early, ‘to be counted among a group, class, etc.’, that is ‘to be deemed to be (something Dat.)'; after about xı it seems to have been regarded as an Active V. and survives only (?) in SW Az., Osm. san- ‘to think, suppose, deem’. It must not be confused w. sana- Den. V. fr. sa:n (count, deem, think, suppose), q.v. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (a person who wounds his father’s or mother’s heart is doomed to hell and) oğul kızka sanmaz ‘is not reckoned to be a son or daughter’ PP 11, 7; (if a man leads an upright life) ol tömin klšike sanur ‘he is immediately reckoned to be a (real) man’ TT VI 34; o.o. do. 38, 194, etc.: Civ. muga tuğmıš kišiler (PU) lukususi yultuzka sanur ‘people born in this (year) are reckoned as being (born) under the star Lukususı (P)’ TT VII 17, 4-5; similar phr. do. 17, 6 and 19-20: Xak. xı ol er xayl (sic, prob. a slip of the pen for yılkı:) bile: sandı: ‘that man was reckoned to belong to the horse class’ ('udda... min cumlati'l-xayl); similarly used of anyone who was reckoned to be something ('udda ma'a'1-šay'); (prov.) ba:rığ utru: tutsa: yokka: sanma:s ‘if what is to hand (al-hediŋ is put before (a guest), (the hospitality) is not, reckoned to be inadequate’ (ma'dûm) Kaš. II 28 (sa:nur (sic), sanma:k): KB bilip sözlese söz biligke sanur ‘if a man knows what he is talking about his speech is reckoned to be knowledge’ 170; a.o. 262 (1 e:l): xııı (?) Tef. san- ‘to think’, e.g. men ayla sandum ‘I thought as follows’; yavuz sanmag ‘do not have evil thoughts’ 262; At. sanıp sözlegen ‘a man who thinks before he speaks’ 133; o.o. 326, 367 (e:t-): xıv Muh. (}) hasiba ‘to think, deem’ (bul-; in margin) ša:n- Rif 107 (only): Čağ. xv ff. san- qiySs kardan ‘to estimate, judge, deem’ San. 234V. 7 (quotns.; San. adds ‘and in Rumi w. kef’, i.e. sen-, which is an error; most of the quotns. are in Rumi): Xwar. xıv san- ‘to think’ Qutb 152; (he will provide that believer with food) sanmaduk yöndin ‘from a direction that he had not thought of’ Nahc. 188, 8: Tkm. xıv šan- ?anna ‘to think, conjecture’; Kıp. sağan' Id. 60; (sağan- hasiba) Tkm. šan- do. 58: Osm. xıv ff. sah- (1) ‘to think, suppose, \\ expect’; (2) ‘to wish (e.g. good, to someone Dat.)'] c.i.a.p.; the Imperat. also occurs in the phr. sanki ‘suppose that’, sometimes used ungrammatically as a N. ‘supposition’ TTS I 599; 7/791; III 597; IV 662.
833

D sın- (sin, trespass, break) Refl. f. of sı:- (break, destroy) always used as an Intrans. or Pass.; ‘to break; to be broken’, physically or metaph. S.i.a.m.l.g. Türkü vııı (he speared six men) sügügi: sındı: ‘his lance broke’ (and he killed the seventh with his sword) I N 5 (hitherto mistranscribed): vııı ff. IrkB 6 (azığ): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. kemi süsüp sı:nur ‘the ship collides (with the rocks) and is broken’ PP 17, 5; tükel yazukluğ sınyuk čaxšaputluğ (commandment) dindar (Elect, superior) ‘a devotee who is thoroughly wicked and breaks the commandments’ TT IV, p. 14, note A 23, 13: Civ. TT I 225 (endür-): Xak. xı yığa:č sındı: ‘the piece of wood (etc.) broke’ (inkasara); and one says sü: sındı: ‘the army was routed’ (in-hazama) Kaš. II29 (sına:r/sınu:r, sınma:k); o.o. I 254, 24 (1 bu:t) etc.: KB (if a man does not know how to perform a task) sinup kadğu yer ‘he is disheartened and distressed’ S534Î o.o.l 167 (1 tı:š), 4610: xııı (?) At. 131 (1 tı:š); Tef. sın- ‘to be broken’ 271:xiv Muh. inkasara sın- Mel. 23, 11; Rif. 105: Čağ. xv ff. sın- (-ğan) šın- ya'ni šikasta ol-‘to be broken’ Vel. 289; sın- šikasta šudan San. 25Ör. 12 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sın- ‘to be broken’ Qutb 164; Nahc. 275, 9 (oğurğa:): Kom. xıv ditto CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv sin- inkasara Id. 54; Bul. 31 v.: xv ditto sın- Tuh. 6a. 8: Osm. xıv ff. sın- ‘to be broken; to be routed; to be weakened, lost, spoilt; (of the wind) to drop’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 624; II 821; III 624; /1/687.

siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink) ‘to sink into (something Dat.); to be absorbed, digested’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. as siŋ-/siŋi-/sin-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. aš siŋer erken ‘while the food is being digested’ Suv. 592, 7; a.o. do. 8: Civ. [gap] siŋme:se:r TT VIII M.21: Xak. xı aš siŋdi: ‘the food was digestible’ (hana'a); and one says su:v ye:rke: siŋdi: ‘the water sank (edr<ŋ into the ground’; and sö:z kögülke: siŋdi: ‘the remarks made a good impression (naca'a) (sunk) on the mind and were effective’ Čamila) (siŋe:r, siŋme:k); and one says ördek kamıška: siŋdi: ‘the duck (etc.) slipped into (tadxul) the reeds or litter (al-qumeš) so that it was hidden (tatvere) in them’; also used of anything that slips into something, e.g. of a man who has slipped into (tadaxxala) someone’s house as an intruder (demiŋ or the like (siŋe:r, siŋme:k) Kaš. III 391 (there is no obvious reason for having two paras, for this V.): KB tapuğ siŋse ‘if his service is satisfactory’ (the small man becomes great)... tapuğ siŋmeginče tilek kim bulur ‘who achieves his desires if his service is not satisfactory?’ 611-12: xııı (?) At. serip sende rSzig slgip turmasa serermü gšigde ‘if your secret does not remain hidden within yourself, will it stay hidden within your friend?’ 175-e: xıv Rbğ. (this river completely) kumka siŋersinks into the sand’ R IV 686; (Muh. hadama ‘to digest’ \834\ siŋ- Mel. 32, 5; error for siŋür-, q.v.): Čağ. xv ff. siŋ- (spelt) (1) muncadib šudan ya'ni ba--xunid furû kašida šudan ‘to be absorbed, that is drawn into oneself’; (2) xaivd kardan ‘to plunge into (something); (3) hadm kardan wa furû xwurdan ‘to digest, consume’; it is also used for tahammül kardan ‘to bear, endure’ and they also use siŋ- of a bird which hides its head under its wing San. 257r. 3 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv (if these two women had not vomited, but) bu yeğenleri ičinde siŋse erdi 'if these foods had been digested by them’ (they would have gone to hell) Nahc. 389, 9: Kom. xıv ‘to be absorbed, digestedsiŋ- CCG; Gr. : Kip. xıv siŋ- (‘with -ŋ-’) ‘to hide oneself (xanasa) on the ground, and lie close to it (lasiqa bihe) in order to conceal (yuxfŋ oneself’ Id. 54: XV inhadama ‘to be digestedsin- Tuh. 6b. 11: Osm. xıv ff. siŋ- (1) ‘to be digested’; (2) ‘to sink in; to influence’; (3) ‘to be beneficial’; (4) ‘to hide oneself’; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 630; 77 826; 111 630; 7K694.

siŋ- (sing, buzz, ring) (sing) (OTD p. 500: SIŊ: sil] et- звенеть, жужжать: (buzz, ring) Ср. siŋ, šïŋ, звенеть, жужжать)
834

sun- (stretch out, present, offer) originally Trans., ‘to stretch out (one’s hand Acc.); to offer or present (something Acc., to someone Dat.)’; later also Intrans. ‘to stretch oneself out’. S.i.a.m.l.g. Türkü vııı ff. Man. Chuas. 314 (elig): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. kaltı toyın kiši eliği karıyuğaru kötürser azu kanyuğaru sunsar ‘ifa mönk raises his hand against someone or stretches it out to him’ TT V, p. 15, note A 23, 19-21; teŋri burxan adakında bağırın suna yatıp ‘lying stretched out on his stomach at the feet of the Buddha’ TT X 175; do. 458 (tağunčı:); a.o. U IV 14, 153: Xak. xı ol maga: etme:k sundi: ‘he offered me (nawalam) bread’ (etc.) Kaš. I1 28 (suna:r, sunma:k): KB blri kında čıktı sunup el tutar ‘the one has come out of the scabbard and reaches out and grasps the realm’ 87; elig sundi ‘stretched out his hand’ 98; o.o. 281, 400 (sevit-), 1410, 2647, 4130 (utruki:): xııı (?) At. kedinrek qadahka sunup zahr katar ‘later he stretches out (his hand) to the cup and mixes poison in it’ 208; a.o. 286 (tapa:ru:); Tef. sun- ‘to stretch (something) out’ 277: Čağ. xv ff. sun- (-di, etc.) uzan- yat- ‘to lie stretched out’ Vel. 300 (quotn.); sun- both Intrans. and Trans, diraz šudan ‘to be stretched out’ and direz kardan ‘to stretch out’ San. 246v. 15 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı sun- ‘to offer’ 'Ali 41: xıv sun- ‘to stretch out, hold out’ Qutb 161; MN 168, etc.: Kom. xıv ‘to stretch out, extendsun- CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı madda ‘to stretch out’, in the sense of stretching out your hand to take something or to give it to someone else sun- Hou. 43, 19; neuala šunu: ber- do. 44, 2: xıv sun- im-tadda ‘to stretch oneself out’ Id. 54; šun-netvala do. 60: xv sun- is entered in the margin against inmatia ‘to stretch oneself out’ Tuh. 6a. 9 and madda do. 35b. e: Osm. xıv ff. sun- (1) ‘to hold out, offer, present’; (2) ‘to stretch out one’s hand, reach out’ (Intrans.); c.i.a.p. TTS I 647; 77 847; III 642; IV 710.

sön- (die down, disappear) (descend) ‘to die down, disappear’, esp. of a flame, but also metaph. of other things; more or less syn. w. öč- (quelling, затухать). Survives in NC Kzx. sön-: \\ SC Uzb. sün-: NW Kk., Kumyk, Nog. son-; Kaz. sün-: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. sön-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. armaksızın sönmeksizin ‘without wearying or flagging’ Suv. 211, 5-6; 236, 11; o.o. U III 38/35 (tikig); TT VI 446 (tindur-): Civ. TT I 5-6 (topra:k); sön-of an illness) ‘to die down, disappear’ is fairly common in H I and 77, e.g. 7 44 (tolğağ): Xak. xı Kli urup berge bašı büter terk söner ‘the wounds inflicted by a whip quickly heal and disappear’ 2580: xıv Muh. (?) inta-fa’ati’l-ndr ‘of a fire, to ^o out’ sö:n- Rif. 105 (only): Čağ. xvff'. sön- (-gey) söyün- ‘to go out’, of a candle or a tire Vel. 299 (quotn.): sön- xwemüš šudan etaš ‘of a fire, to go out’ San. 246V. 16 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 160: Kip. xıv söyün- (MS. seyün-) tafi’a ‘to go out’; sö:yün- intafa’a İd. 54 (sic); intafa’a söndi:, söyünür (sic) Bid. 23V.: Osm. xıv ff. söyün- ‘to die down’ (of fire) and the like is the common form till xvı and occurs sporadically later TTS I 643; 77 841; HI 639; /F706.

*süŋ- (battle, fight) See süŋü: (süŋü:g) (lance, spear (cavalry)), süŋük (?süŋök) (bone), süŋüš (battle), süŋüš- (fight).

Dis. SNA

D sıŋ: (digestible) Dev. N./A. fr. siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink); ‘digestible’ and the like. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı one says bu: aš ol siŋi: ‘this food is wholesome and digestible’ (mart’ hani’) Kaš. III 368: Xwar. xıv siŋü ‘digestible’ Qutb 158.

D sunı: (cross-beam, stretching (something)) Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. sun- (stretch out, present, offer); lit. ‘something which stretches out’. Xak. xı sunı: ceyizatıı’l-bayt ‘the cross-beam of a house’ Kaš. III 236.

?F su:nu: (coriander seed, Nigella sativa) ‘coriander seed, Nigella sativa’; prob. a l.-w.; Ar. šûniz is itself a l.-w. fr. Persian. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (in a prescription for stomach ache) sunu tört bakirni ‘four copper coins’ weight of coriander seed’ III 18: Xak. xı su:nu: al-šûniz Kaš. III 238.

D süŋü: (süŋü:g) (lance, spear (cavalry)) ‘a lance, spear’ (only (?) as a cavalry weapon); prima facie a Dev. N. in -ü: fr. *süŋ- (lance, spear (cavalry)); the cognate form süŋü:g (lance, spear (cavalry)), a Dev. N. in -ü:g, seems to be pec. to Türkü, in which süŋü: does not occur. Survives meaning ‘spear, bayonet’, and the like in NW Kaz. söŋge; Kumyk süngü; Nog. süŋgi: SW Az., Osm. süngü. Türkü vııı süŋüg batımı: karığ ‘snow a lance’s length in depth’ I E 35, 77 E 26; o.o. 7 N 5 (sın-); T 28 (1 ač- (open)): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 20, 15-16 (bere:): Bud. (if the dheranŋ süŋüde ašsar ‘is hung on a lance’ USp. 104, 19; o.o. U II 86, 48 (süvri:); TT V 10, 92 (kılıč): Xak. xı süŋü: al-ramh wa’l-qana ‘lance, spear’ Kaš. III 368; five o.o.: xıv Muh. al-ramh sü:gü: Mel. 71, 6; Rif. 173; al-alam ‘standard’ süŋü: 146 (tu:k 51, 4): Čağ. xv ff. süŋü (spelt süngiŋ nayza ‘lance’; in Rumi süŋü (misunderstanding of kef used for g) San. 247r. 28: Xwar. xıv süŋi ‘lance’ Qutb 162: Kom. xıv ‘lance’ süŋü CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-ramh süŋü: (sic?, MS. süngü:) Hou. 13, 14; 24, 10: xıv süŋü: (‘with -g-’) ditto td. 54: xv \834\ ditto süŋü: (süngü:) Kav. 63, 19; Tuh. 17a. 7: Osm. xıv ff. süŋü (transcribed süŋiŋ ‘lance’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 653; II 854; III 648; IV 716.
834

Dis. V. SNA-

D sana:- (sa:na:-) (sana-) Den. V. fr. sa:n (count, deem, think, suppose); ‘to count’; syn. w. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think), which it gradually displaced. S.i.a.m.l.g. (Türkü vııı the reading sanağalt: in T 27 is an error, see asın-): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ülgülegeli sanağalt bolğay 'it will be possible to measure and count’ USp. 8o, 2: Civ. in contracts relating to the payment of money or goods sanap (or tükel sanap) aldım or berdim ‘I have counted (in full) and received, or paid’ is a stock phr. USp. 16, 8-9; 5'. 5! 56, 11 (egsüksiiz) etc.: sana- ‘to count’ (the age of someone) TT VII 12, r ff.; 13, 53-4: sa:na:- ‘to count’ is common in TT VIII L. \ Xak. xı ol ko:ym sana:di: ‘he counted ('adda) his sheep’; originally sa:na:-di: but shortened Kaš. III 274 (sana:r, sana:ma:k): xııı (?) At. 60 (kum): xıv Muh. 'adda sa:na- (sic; v.l. sa:yi:-) Mel. 29, 1; (Rif. 112 (VU) azla:-): Čağ. xv ff. sana- (-p, etc.) ihtiraz et- ve tadenık et- ‘to take precautions, prepare oneself’; hiseb et- (and hiseb al-) ve say- ve i'tiber et- ‘to reckon up, to count, to take thought of’ Vel. 279-80 (quotns.); sana- (spelt) šumurdan ‘to count’ San. 234V. 24 (quotns.; pointing out in 235r. 3 that Vel.’s first translation is an error): Xwar. xııı (?) sanağuluksız nemeler yılkılar aldı ‘he captured innumerable things and livestock’ Oğ. 308: Kip. xııı al-'adad ‘to count’ šana:mak Hou. 22, 2; 'adda tnina'l-'adad šana:- do. 42, 5: xıv šana- *adda; Tkm. saId. 60: xv 'adda šana-/šay- Tuh. 25b. 13.

D sına:- (sı:na:-) (test, try) ‘to test (someone or something Acc.)’; Den. V. perhaps fr. 1 sı:n (human body, statue, size), but the semantic connection is not close unless it originally meant ‘to take the size, or measure, of something’. S.i.a.m.l.g.; SW Tkm. si:na-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. sınamıš em ol ‘it is a tried (and proved) remedy’ HI 154, 175, etc.: Xak. xı ol anı: sina:di: carrabahu fi šay’ ‘he tested him about something’ Kaš. III 273 (sina:r, sina:ma:k); sina:masa: arsika:r ‘the man who does not test a thing is deceived about it’ (yağtarr bihŋ I 242, le: KB sınamıš kiši ‘the man of experience ’(proven) (i.e. one who has been tested) is one of the sources of traditional wisdom 245, 723 (1 karı:), etc.; neče me sınadım isiz kılğučı ‘whenever I have tested the evil-doer’ 247; (hear now the words of the man...) smayu teglp ‘who attains (his purpose) by trial (and error)’ 346; (the king...) sınadı erig ‘tested his advice’ 593; sınama yağlğ ‘do not take chances with the enemy’ (he is big and strong; get an iron shield as a protection against him) 4263: xıı (?) At. baka körgil emdi uka sinayu ‘be sure that you look (carefully) now, test and understand’ (what other thing is as valuable as knowledge) 99; Tef. sına- ‘to test’ 271: xıv Muh. carraba sına:- Mel. 25, 1; si:na:- Rif. 107; al-tacriba sınamak 36, 3: 131: Čağ. xv ff. sına- (misspelt sine-) imtihen kardan ‘to try, test’ San. \\ 256V. 19 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 164, Nahc. 212, 13: Kom. xıv ditto CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv sına- carraba Id. 54: xv ditto Tuh. 12a. 4: Osm. xıv ff. ditto; c.i.a.p. TTS I 621; II 817; III 620; IV 684.
835

Dis. SNB

SF sanwač See sanduwa:č. (nightingale)

Mon. V. SNC-

sanč- (pierce, transfix, spear, stab, sting, plunge, rout) properly ‘to pierce (with a lance), transfix’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some extended meanings as sanč-/sančı-/šanč-/čanč-, etc. Türkü vııı sanč- is fairly common, both lit., e.g. alti: erig sančdı: ‘he speared six men’ IN 5; and metaph., e.g. (I advanced against the Čik...) sü:si:n sančdım ‘I pierced (i.e. routed) their army’ II E 2e: vııı ff. IrkB 34 (sü:): Uyğ. vııı süŋüšdim... sančdım ‘I fought... and routed’ is common in Šu.: vııı ff. Bud. yağı sančıprouting the enemy’ U II 78, 30; o.o. PP 57, 5-6 (tegler-); U II 86, 48 (süvrŋ: etc.: Civ. TT VIII 1.4 (tuluŋ): Xak. xı ol am: biče:-kin sančdı: ‘he stabbed him (waca'ahu) with a knife’ (etc.); and one says beg yağı:sı:n sančdı: ‘the beg routed (hazama) his enemy’ Kaš. III 420 (sanča:r, sančma:k): KB (the signs of the Zodiac Gemini and Cancer) sanču yorir ‘come piercing’ 139; yağı sančğa 2329: xııı (?) Tef. sanč- (of a thorn) ‘to pierce’ 262: xıv Muh. ta'ana ‘to spear, stabsa:nč- Mel. 28, 9; Rif. 112; al-ta'n sančmak 37, 14; 124: Čağ. xv ff. sanč- (-ğay) šanc- Vel. 279; sanc- (so spelt) niš zadan ‘to sting’, also ‘to plunge (a javelin, lance, and the like) into something’ San. 235V. 2e: Xwar. xıv sanč- ‘to pierce’ Qutb 152: Kom. xıv ditto CCI, CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı ta'ana ša:nc- Hou. 33, r8: xıv šanč- (-tı:) ditto Id. 60; Bul. 57r.: xv ditto šanš- (sic) Kav. 75, 8; ditto šanč- (-tı) Tuh. 24a. 5 : Osm. xıv ff. sanč- ‘to pierce; to plunge in (a sting, etc.)’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 598; II 791; III 596; IV 661.

Dis. SNC

sanač (bag, мешок) survives in SE Türki sanač ‘an entire goat-skin used as a bag for flour (etc.)’ Shaw 120 (only): SC Uzb. sanoč ‘water-skin’. With final it looks like a l.-w. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (in a list of goods, one cow, one cooking pot) bir sanač (spelt snač?) ‘one skin bag’ (etc.) USp. 55, 3: Xak. xı ‘a red leather bag’ (al-cirebu’l-ahmar) is called sanač kösürgü: (MS. k.sirİü:) Kaš. I 358: Čağ. xv ff. sanac (sic!) xikča wa anbeni ‘water-skin, leather bag’ San. 235V. 10 (quotns.).

E seŋeč See seŋgeč (apple (kind)).

VU?F sinčü: (bread) Hap. leg.; the shape suggests a l.-w. fr. a Chinese phr. Xak. xı sinčü: al-xubz bayna’l-ruqeqa wa'l-rağıf ‘a loaf of bread (intermediate in shape) between a flat flap and a round loaf’ Kaš. I 417.

D sančığ (piercer) Dev. N. fr. sanč-; lit. ‘something piercing’. Survives in SE Türki sančık ‘colic’: \836\ NC Kır. čanču: ‘lumbago’; Kzx. šanšu: ‘puncture, perforation, colic’: SC Uzb. sančik ‘colic’: NW Kk. šanšuw; Kaz. čenčü; Nor. šanšuv ‘colic, lumbago’: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. sancı ‘colic’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yüre-kimde sančığ kirip 'sharp stabbing pains enter my heart’ U III 37, 6-7; (in hell demons thrust down the wicked) süvri sančığın ‘with a sharp spike’ TM IV 254, 102: Čağ. xv ff. san čığ ‘colic and flatulence (qfdanc tea nafx) which collects in a man's side’ San. 235V. 24 (quotn.): Kip. xv rihıı'1-batn ‘wind in the stomach’ šanšu (in margin in SW (?) hand šancı) Tuh. 16b. 6.
836

Dis. SNC

?D sunčuk (presented, offered) Hap. leg.; prob. Dev. N. fr. sun- (stretch out, present, offer); lit. ‘something held out’; v. G. suggests plausibly that it is a pure Turkish word added to explain the l.-w. batır (Sanskrit pattra). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the Buddha said, ‘O Ananda’) batirtmm sunčukumm kötürgil ‘pick up my begging bowl (Hend.)’ TT X 124-5.

VUD sančğa:n (piercing) in this form Hap. leg.; the sin is unvocalized but the obvious transcription of a word for some kind of thorny bush is sančğa:n, N./A. of Habitual Action fr. sanč-, lit. ‘constantly piercing’. The only difficulty is that it may survive in SW Osm. (only) sıncan ‘the box-thorn, Lycium europaeum’. Xak. xı sančga:n ka:tı: hamhıl-'ideh ‘the fruit of a thorny bush or tree’ Kaš. III 146, 26 (see 2 ka:t); n.m.e.

Dis. V. SNC-

D sančıt- (pierce) Caus. f. of sanč- ; s.i.s.m.l., but not with the unusual use of Caus. f. shown below7. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (if this omen comes to anyone) siide erser sančıtur ‘if he is on a campaign he lets himself be routed’ TT I 67.

D sančık- (pierce) Hap. leg.; Intrans./Pass. f. of sanč-, Xak. xı yağı: sančıktı: ‘the enemy was routed’ (huzüna, MS. in error haz.ma); also used when a man has been stabbed (tu'ina) Kaš. II 228 (sančıka:r, sančıkma:k).

D sančıl- (pierced) Pass. f. of sanč-; s.i.m.m.l. Xak. xı biče:k ta:mka: saııčıldı: ‘the knife was thrust (irtazza) into the wall’ (etc.); and one says sü: sančıldı: ‘the army was routed’ (inhazama); the origin is the phr. erke: bičerk sančıldı: ‘the man was stabbed (zcuci'a) with a knife’ Kaš. II 231 (sančılu:r, sančılma:k): xııı (?) At. qada birle sančlur adakka tiken ‘by fate the thorn is thrust into the foot’ 455: Čağ. xv ff. sancıl- (sic!) furil šudan ‘to descend’ and the like San. 235r. 28 (quotn.): Osm. xıv ff. sancil- (1) of a person, ‘to be stabbed’, etc.; (2) of a weapon, ‘to be thrust in’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 598; II 790; IV 661.

D sančıš- (pierce) Recip. f. of sanč-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ola:r ikki: sančıšdı: ‘those two stabbed (icaca'a) one another with daggers or the like’; and one says begle:r sančıšdı: ‘the begs went to war (taharabat) and routed (hazama) one another’ Kaš. II 217 (sančıšu:r, sančıšma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sancıš- (spelt) Recip. f. ‘to stab one another, to wound one another with a javelin or lance’ San. 235r. 28: Osm. xv and xvı sancıš- to spear one another’; in two texts TTS I 598; III 596.

Tris. SNC

D sančığlığ (colic) P.N./A. fr. sančığ; survives in SW Osm. sancılı ‘suffering from colic’. The only early occurrence is damaged; Muller transcribed it sınč[tkh]ğ citing as a parallel NE Sag. sr.ncik ‘a wooden wedge’ R IV 635, but that word is clearly a Dim. f. of si:n which represents an earlier Diss., sığın or the like, and cannot be relevant here. The original Chinese text can he translated as ‘the immortal t’ö/rrt-iron-spike mother’, the last word not reproduced in the Turkish version. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ölümsüz vacır sanč[ığlı]ğ ‘the immortal owner of a vajra spike’ U II 60, 2 (iŋ.

Dis. SND

VUD siŋüt (offering, tribute, presentation) Hap. leg.; the sin carries both kasra and damma in the MS.; the w’ord seems to be a Dev. N. but there is no obvious semantic connection w. siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink). Xak. xı siŋüt ‘a gift (al-hiba) which is not matched by a return gift (le yutedfilm) and for which there is no offset’ (la ri'd film)] one says bu: at maga: siŋüt be:rdi: ‘he gave me this horse’ (without receiving anything in return?) Kaš. III 362.

sındu: (scissors) ‘scissors’; one of several words with this meaning, cf. bıčgu:č (scissors), kifti: (scissors); survives only (?) in SW Osm., Tkm. sındı; perhaps a l.-w. Oğuz xı sındu: al-miqrad ‘large scissors’ Kaš. I 418: xıv Muh. al-miqrad sındu: Mel. 60, 12; Rif. 159: Čağ. xv ff. sındı güz ‘scissors’, in Ar. miqriid San. 2s8r. 7: Tkm. xııı Hou. 23, n (bıčgu:č): xv Tuh. 34a. ıx (kıftı:; sındı in the margin in SW (?) hand): Osm. xıv ff. sindu (normal till xvı)/sındı (normal fr. xvi) ‘scissors’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 622; II 818; /// 62ı; IV 68g.

D sandrıš (craziness, quarrel, row) Dev. N. (connoting mutuality) fr. sandrı:- (insane, mix up, scatter-brain, hallucinate, rave, confused, помешаться); in a Chapter for Diss.s containing consecutive consonants, but misvocalized in the MS. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı sandrıš (MS. sandıtruš) ‘mutual abuse and quarrelling’ (al-muetaba ua'l-nııtcedala) Kaš. III 416 (prov.); same prov. I 402, 24 (sandrıš); II 214, 5 (sanrıš).

Dis. V. SND-

D sınat- (sı:nat-) (test, try) Caus. f. of sına:- (test, try) ; s.i.s.m.l. w. the same meaning. Xak. xı ol meni: bu: ı:šta: sınattı: ‘he ordered someone to test me (man carrabanŋ in this work’ Kaš. II 312 (sinatur, sinatma:k).

D soŋda:- (pursue, follow, chase) Den. V. fr. soŋ; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol yağı:nı: soŋda:di: ‘he chased (atba'a) the enemy, and rode after him’ (rakiba fi 'aqibihŋ; also used of anyone who followed (sera 'aqib) something to catch it Kaš. III 400 (soŋda:r, \837\ soŋda:ma:k): KB klšig soŋdama 'do not persecute people’ 4301.
837

D siŋdür- (absorbed, drawn in, plunge into) Caus. f. of siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink); s.i.s.m.l.; cf. siŋür-. Xak. xı süčig ašığ siŋdürdi: ‘the wine made the food agreeable’ (or digestible; amra'a’l-fa'em); and one says ol am: evke: siŋdürdi: ‘he surreptitiously introduced (adxala wa axassa; ?so read, MS. ahasa unvocalized) him into the house’ Kaš. III 397 (siŋdürür, siŋdürme:k): Čağ. xv ff. siŋdür- (spelt) cadab kunanidan ‘to cause to be absorbed, drawn in’; xawd farmudan ‘to cause to plunge into (something)’; fun1 xwurdnidan 'to cause to be consumed’ San. 257V. 8.

D söndür- (extinguish) Caus. f. of sön-; ‘to extinguish (a fire)’, etc. Survives in the same languages as sön-, Uyğ. vııı ff. (Bud. in some MSS. of TT VI 446 (tındur-) söndürmez is written instead of sönmez owing to a false analogy w. tindurmaz): Civ. söndür- ‘to extinguish’ H II 26, 97: (Xak.) xııı (?) Tef. söndür- ‘to extinguish’ (a lamp) 275: xıv Muh. atfa'a ‘to extinguish’ söndir- Mel. 23, 1; sö:ndü:r-Rif. 103: Čağ. xv ff. söndür- Caus. f.; xwemûš kardan etaš ‘to extinguish a fire’ San. 247r. 13 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 160; Nahc. 257, 4: Kom. xıv ditto CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı atfa’a söyündlr- (MS. seyün-diŋ Hou. 34, 7: xıv söyündür- ditto, also pronounced söndür- Id. 54; ditto söyündür Bul. 2jr.: xv ditto sö:ndür:- (or söwün-dür-?; spelt sewindir-, which is then said also to mean ‘to make glad’, i.e. sevindir-) Kav. 74, 3; ditto söwündür- Tuh. 6a. 2: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) söyündür- ‘to extinguish’; common TTS I 642; II 840; III 638; IV 706.

sandrı:- (insane, mix up, scatter-brain, hallucinate, rave, confused, помешаться) ‘to be delirious, to rave’, and the like. An early l.-w. in Mong. as sandur- (of a mob) ‘to be in confusion’ (Haenisch 132); sandara-/sandura- ‘to be in confusion; to scatter; to be uneasy, alarmed’ (Kotu. 1288, Haltod 318). Survives in SW Tkm. samra-; it is an open question whether sandira- and the like in NC Kır., Kzx.: SC Uzb.: and some NW languages is a direct survival or a reborrowing fr. Mong., prob. the latter. Xak. xı esrük sanrıulı: ‘the drunken man raved’ (or was delirious, hada); the original form was sandrı:dı: (MS. sandiraydi:) Kaš. III 281 (sanrı:r, sanrı:ma:k): (Čağ. xv ff. sandirak ‘delirium in illness or a nightmare’ San. 235V. 27 (prob. reborrowed fr. Mong.); sandirakla- ‘to be delirious’ 235r. 14): Kom. xıv ‘to rave, be delirioussandira- CCG; Gr. (? fr. Mong.).

D sandrıš- (go insane) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sandrı:- (insane, mix up, scatter-brain, hallucinate, rave, confused, помешаться). Xak. xı esrükle:r kamuğ sanrıšdı: (MS. sanrušdı:) ‘the drunken men all raved (go insane) (hadat) together’; originally sandrıšdı: (MS. sandi-rıšdı:) Kaš. II 213 (sanrıšu:r, sanrıšma:k; prov.).

Tris. SND

F sanduwa:č (nightingale) ‘nightingale’; l.-w. fr. Sogdian zntwch ‘sweet-voiced’, see Henning, op. cit., s.v. suburğa:n and H. W. Bailey, ‘Arya IV’ \\ BSOAS, XXVI, p. 81. Survives in NE Tel. sandığaš R IV 307: NW Kaz. sanduğač; elsewhere displaced by Pe. bulbul. Xak. xı sanduwa:č al-'andalib ‘nightingale’ Kaš. I 529 (verse); III 178 (same verse); a.o. III 311 (sayra:-): KB čečeklikte sanwač öter ‘the nightingale sings in the flower garden’ 78; a.o. 4963 (sayra:-): xıv Rbğ. R IV 225 (sayra:-); Muh. (?) hazar ‘nightingale’ sanduwa:č (MS. st:d.tva:c) Rif. 176 (only): Xwar. xıv sanduwač ‘nightingale’ Qutb 153; zanda:wa:č do. 207.
837

Tris. SNĞ

VUF sondıla:č (nightingale) a small bird of some kind; translations vary; Red. 1177 translates fa’-wa in Osm. ‘the fire-crested wren, Regulus ignicapitus', Hava ‘small sparrow, bullfinch’; dubsi is translated alternatively ‘wild pigeon, woodpigeon, honey-guide’. Prob., like other words ending in -la:č, a l.-w. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı sondıla:č al-ša'wa Kaš. I 526 (prov., see örtgü'.n); o.o. (verse) I 529, 5; III 178, 14:xiv Muh.Čŋ dubsi (VU) sandıla:č (unvocalized, MS. si:dla:c) Rif. 176 (only): Čağ. xv ff. sandalač/sandulač (both spelt) ‘a small bird rather bigger than a nightingale’; the male is green (sabz) and the female yellow (zard); it has a long tail San. 235V. 26.

VUF sondun: (sea) Hap. leg.; under the heading ful.li; the del carries kasra in one place and damma in the other. Hardly to be connected w. Sanskrit sundara ‘beautiful, good’, but prob. a corruption, through some other language, of Sanskrit samudra ‘ocean, sea’. Xak. xı sonduri: (sondtrt:) al-bahr ‘sea’, etc. Kaš. I 492 (prov.).

Dis. SNĞ

D sinuk (si:nuk) (broken) Pass. N./A.S. fr. sin-; ‘broken’, originally in a physical sense, later also metaph. ‘defeated, broken (in spirit)’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as sınık, but SE Türki sunuk: SW Tkm. si:mk. Türkü vııı ff. IrkB 48 (sap-): Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. USp. 98, 15 (anuk): Xak. xı siQuk (sic) ne:ŋ ‘something broken’ (al-maksüŋ: the Oğuz call it sinuk without the ğunna (g) and their form is regular (al-qtyes I ahum), because it is derived fr. sındı:, inkasara, and there is no ğunna in its Verb Kaš. III 365 (siŋuk, otherwise unknown, might be a crasis of *sınğuk, a cognate form w. Suff. -ğuk): KB 1858 (buzuk): xııı (?) Tef. sinuk ‘broken’ 272: xıv Muh. al-maksür (opposite to ‘entire’ bü:tün) sinuk Mel. 55, 1; snnuk Rif. 152 (and 191): Oğuz xı see Xak.: Xwar. xıv sinuk ‘broken’ (e.g. of the heart) Qutb 165; Nahc. 433, 1: Kom. xıv ditto CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-maksür (opposite to ‘entire’ bütün) smuk Hou. 27, 2: xıv ditto Id. 54: xv maksür šinik Tuh. 34b. 7; 48b. 7: Osm. xıv ff. smuk (rare)/simk (1) ‘broken’; (2) (rarely) ‘defeated’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 623; II 819; /// 622; IV 686.

D soguk (last, latter, end) Hap. leg.; al-axir ‘the last, latter’ or ‘the end’; Den. N./A. in -uk (usually Dim.) fr. soŋ, or perhaps crasis of 8OD and 2 ok (emphasis particle: no other, exactly, very). Xak. xı Kaš. III 107 (y^trül-); n.m.e.
838

VU siŋkur (gerfalcon, Folco gyrfalco) a bird of prey., in modern times, and prob. always, ‘the gerfalcon, Folco gyrfalco’. The form in Uyğ. (noted only as a P.N.) was siŋkur (or siŋkoŋ. This became an early l.-w. in Mong., with the usual sound-change sı-ši, as šiykor (or širjğoŋ (Haenisch 141). In Xak. it became sugkur by retrogressive vocalic assimilation and this form still survives in SW Osm. surjkur/sugğur. In Mong. by a similar process it became šorjkor (Kow. 1536, Hnltod 386). This later Mong. form was reborrowed as šogkar/šugkar and survives in SE Türki šunkar/šugkar/šugğar (Falco Hendcrsonŋ: NC Kır. šumkar; Kzx. sugkar (a hybrid form): SC Uzb. šugkor: NW Kk. sugkar: SW Az. šunğar; Tkm. šugkar. See Doerfer I 360. Uyğ. x (?) Bud. (PU) Meglig Sigkur P.N. Pfahl. 12, 18; küde-gümüz Alp Sigkur Tegin ‘our son-in-law Alp Sit)kur Tegin’ do. 23, 13; Alp Sigkur Tarxan do. 20; [gap] Öge Sigkur do. 21: \iv Chitt.-Uyğ. Dict. ‘gerfalcon’ šogkar (sog-kar) R IV 1098; Ligeti 199, q.v.: Xak. xı sugkur the name of a bird of prey (cerih mitt caıverihi'1-tayŋ; it is smaller (dün) than the toğrıl Kaš. III 3S1: kırğury sugkurka: karıšmaz ‘a sparrow-hawk does not start a fight with a larger falcon’ (akbar mina'l--buzet) II 95, 8: KB 5639 (šešüt^; ,a.o. 5697: xıv Muh. al-šunğur šunkar, v.l. sunkur Mel. 72, 13; malikti'l-buzet ‘king of the falcons’ sunkur Rif. 175: Čağ. xv ff. sunğar ‘the bird called sunğur' Vel. 299 (quotns.); sunkur ‘a hunting bird of the hawk (farg) species’, also called šunkar San. 247r. 17 (quotn.); šunkar ‘a hunting bird of the hawk species’, which is long-lived, also called sunkur, also used of the deaths of emperors and kings, as it is said in the Ta'rix-i Bebûri that 'Umar Šayx Mirze šunkar boldi, i.e. ‘died’ 259V. 19: Xwar. xııı (?) šugkarfalcon’ (of some kind) Oğ. 42-e: xıv sugkurfalcon’ Qutb 159; šunğar MN 5: Kom. xıv ‘falcon’ soŋgur CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-sunqur ‘well-known’ (ma'rüf) Hou. 10, 3; sunkur as a P.N. do. 29, e: xıv sunkur a bird and a P.N. (yusamme bihŋ Id. 54; al-sunqur Kıpčak Bul. 12, 1: xv sunkur is mentioned as the name of a slave in Tuh. 80b. 10-n ; and Sunkur is added in a SW (?) hand under ‘aqab ‘eagle’ do. 25a. 9.

Dis. V. SNĞ-

D satığar- (count, deem, think, suppose, conjecture) Hap. leg.; Trans. Den. V. fr. san- (sa:n-) (count, deem, think, suppose, conjecture); syn. w. san- (count, deem, think, suppose, conjecture). Xak. xı ol am: kišhdin sanğardt: ‘he reckoned (’adda) that he was a human being’ (mina'l-nes) Kaš. II 188 (sanğarur, sanğarma:k).

Dis. SNG

segek (vessel, jug) still widely used in Anatolia for ‘a water vessel made of wood or earthenware’, SDD 1205, and noted in SW Az. senek ‘a large jug with a long narrow neck and a handle’. Oğuz xı segek ‘an earthenware mug (al-kuz) for drinking'; also ‘a jar’ (al-carra) Kaš. III 367: Kip. xıv segek (‘with -g-’) al-carra Id. 54: \\ Osm. xıv to xvıı (only) segek ‘wafer vessel’; common TTS I 612; II 809; III 613; IV 676.

siŋek (buzzing insect) ‘a buzzing insect’ of various kinds; Dim. f. of the onomatopoeic siŋ; survives only in SWr Az. sinek; Tkm. siŋek ‘mosquito’ and Osm. sinek (siŋek) ‘fly’; sivri sinek ‘mosquito’; elsewhere displaced by čıbın (first noted in Xak. xı KB 4499) Cf. uyaz. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (in a list of noxious animals and insects; beasts with tusks and claws, birds) siŋek (mantises, ants, beetles) U II 35, 23: Xak. xı siŋek in the language of townspeople (ahlu'l-amsar) ‘a gnat’ (ai-baqq), and in the language of the nomads (ahlu’l-rcabar) ‘a fly’ (al-dubeb) Kaš. III 367; o.o. siŋe:k al-ba'fid ’gnat’ II 13, 23; II 352 (yelplt-); III 100 (yelpiš-): (xiv Muh. (?) al-dubeb si:gek (MS. si'.kek) in one MS. Mel. 74, 8): Čağ. xv ff. siŋek (spelt, ‘with -ŋ-’) pašša ‘gnat’; in Ar. baqq and ba'iid San. 2$8r. 12: Xwar. xıv ditto MN 12: Tkm. xııı al-dubeb siŋek (spelt siŋek\ Kip. čıbm) Hou. 10, 11: xıv al-dubeb (čıbın; also called) siŋe:k Bul. 10, le: xv nemüs ‘gnat, mosquito’ siŋek (/uyaz) Tuh. 36b. 3: Osm. xvııı siŋek... and, in Rumi, makas ‘fly’; pašša sivri siŋek San. 2s8r. 14.

D sönük (extinguished, depressed, undistinguished) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. sön-; ‘extinguished’, and in some modern languages metaph. ‘depressed, undistinguished’, and the like. Survives in SC Uzb. (sünik): SW Az., Osm., Tkm. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. küči sönök erser ‘if his strength is exhausted’ TT VIII M. 21.

D süŋüg See süŋü: (lance, spear (cavalry)).

VU süŋük (?süŋök) (bone)bone’; morphologically Pass. Dev. N. fr. *süg-; survives in such a wide variety of forms that it is difficult to fix the original pronunciation, but the evidence rather points to sügök. Survives in NE all dialects sö:k: SE Türki sögek/sügek/süŋgek/sü / sogak: NC Kır. sö:k; Kzx. süyek: SC Uzb. suyak: NW Kk., Kumyk, Nog. süyek; Kaz. söyek: SW Az. sümük; Tkm. sügk/süyek. Türkü vııı sügükü:g (sügüküg in ID tağča: yatdı: ‘your bones lay in mountainous heaps’ I E 24, HE 20: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 23, 33 (bača:): Man. M III 39, 3 (iii) (si:-): Bud. yaš süglikleri ‘his fresh bones’ Suv. 625, 10; o.o. dn. 153, 2-3 (berüki:); U \\ III 24, 6 (i) (söglün-); do. 35, 21: Civ. TT VII 23, 5 (üpgük); III 16 (erkeč), 79; H II 22, 29: Xak. xı sügük al-'azm ‘bone’ Kaš. III 367 (prov.); o.o., spelt sügürk / 98 (oğruğ), 178 (oğur-), 247 (ofcnıl-), 380 (to-bik), etc.: KB 2206 (etsiz), 4131 (kemdi;-): xııı (?) At. (wisdom is to a man) sügekke yilik teg ‘like marrow to a bone’; (intellect is the beauty of a man and) sügeknig yilik 89-90 (except sügük once, all MSS. have sügek); Tef. sügük/süŋgük 275 (söyük): xıv Muh. at-'ašm sü:nük Mel. 45, 12; sü:ge:k Rif. 139: Čağ. xv ff. sügek (‘with -k’) kemik... ustuxwan ma'nestna ‘bone’ Vel. 299: sügek (spelt, ‘with -g-’) ustuxwan San. 247r. 20 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sügek/sügük ditto \839\ Qtitb 160; sügük Nahc. 65, 16; 191, 16; 281^ 17 etc.: Kom. xıv ‘bone’ söwek CCI', Gr.': Kip. xııı al-'azm sü:gü:k (? ; MS. sü:gü:k) Hou. 2i, 19: xıv sügük (‘with -g-’) ditto; sUwtik ditto Id. 54; ditto (s) šünü:k (sic) Bul. 8, 9: xv ditto 8Üwe:k Kav. 61, 9; (VU) sinfa (perhaps error for sin'a ‘wrist’) süwek (in margin in second hand sügük ‘bone’) Tuh. 19a. 3; 'azm süwek do. 24b. e: Osm. xıv ff. sügük ‘bone’, common to xvi, sporadic till xvııı TTS I 655; 7/855; III 650; IV 717.
839

?D seŋgeč (apple (kind)) prima facie a Dev. N. in -geč; pec. to Kaš. where it is listed twice, in both cases under fa’lal, in the second case among words containing a -g-. Xak. xı sengeč 'a kind of apple (al-tuffeh), about as small as an almond (al-banadiq), sweet, red and white’ Kaš. I 455: seŋgeč (MS. settleč) ‘the name of an apple as small as an almond, sweet’ III 381.

sengil (freckle) Hap. leg.; hardly to be connected w. siğil ‘a wart’ although the latter survives in SW Tkm. as siŋŋil. Xak. xı sengil ‘freckles (al-kalafa) which appear on the face’ Kaš. I 483.

Tris. SNG

D süŋüglüg (lancer) P.N./A. fr. süŋüg (süŋü:) (lance, spear (cavalry)); ‘lancer’ and the like. N.o.a.b. Türkü vni (where did the men in armour come from thai scattered you?) süŋüglüg kantan kelipen süre: eltdi: ‘where did the lancers come from that drove you (before them)?’ I E 23, II E 19: xıv Muh. (}) al-rammah ‘lancersüŋü:li: Rif. 84 (only).

D süŋüklüg (bony) P.N./A. fr. süŋük; ‘having bones, bony’, etc.; s.i.s.m.l. with the same phonetic changes. Uyğ.vııı ff. Bud. bodısatv-nıg kalmıš sünüklüg šarırın ‘the relics (Sanskrit l.-w.) of the remaining bones of the Bodhisattva’ Suv. 627, 16-17: Xwar. xıv süŋeklig (of a date) ‘having a stone’ Qutb 160.

Tris. V. SNG-

D süŋüklen- (boned) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. süŋük. Xak. xı oğla:n süŋü:klendi: (sic) ‘the boy’s (etc.) bones grew bigger’ (kabura ahoeh) Kaš. III 408 (süŋüklenü:r, süŋüklenme:k).

Dis. SNL

siŋi:l (younger sister) ‘a sister younger than oneself’, as opposed to ‘a sister older than oneself’ (eke:, q.v., etc.). Survives in SE Türki siŋü: NC Kır. siŋdi; Kzx. siŋli: NW Kk., Nog. siŋil/ siŋili; in other languages there is no special word for ‘younger sister’. Türkü vııı IE 20, II E 17 (kunču:y): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. tört siŋillernig ‘of the four younger sisters’ UII 62, 2 (ii); o.o. U III 14, 17; Pfahl. 23, 12: xıv Chin.-Uyğ: Dict. ‘younger sister’ siŋi R IV 687; Ligeti 195, q.v.: Xak. xı siŋi:l ‘a man’s younger sister’ (al-uxtu’l-šağira) Kaš. III 366; o.o. I 457 (baldız); III 7 (yurč): xııı (?) Tef. slgll ‘younger sister’ 269: xiv-Muh.Čŋ uxtu’l-zawe ‘husband’s sister’ si:gi:l \\\ (MS. si:tji:k) Rif. 144 (only): Čağ. xv ff. siŋil/siŋll küčük ktz karındaš ‘younger sister' (i.e. not an Osm. word) Vel. 288 (quotn.); siŋil (spelt, ‘with -g-’) ‘younger sister’ San. 258r. 18 (quotns.); a.o. 92r. 22 (2 uya:).

E senleč See seŋgeč (apple (kind)).

D sanlığ (sa:nlığ) P.N./A. fr. san- (sa:n-) (count, deem, think, suppose, conjecture); in the early period usually w. the Dat. and meaning ‘belonging to, responsible to’, lit. perhaps ‘having the number of, i.e. ascribed to’, cf. san-. Survives only (?) in SW Az., Osm. sanlı ‘esteemed, distinguished’; Tkm. in phr. 8a:nlı gün ‘a few days’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A ol (PU) Ismlrig (or Ismir yek?) sanlağ ağığ barımağ ‘treasure and property belonging to ...’ JV/ III 11, 20: Man. frmbranka sanlığ kıltıgız ‘you have made (them) destined for (?) parinirvena (Sanskrit l.-w.)’ TT III 32-3: Bud. vrhar sangram sanlığ ed tavarığ ‘movable property and livestock belonging to a temple or convent’ (Sanskrit vihera sahgherema) U II 77, 24; similar phr. do. 86, 41; TT IV 6, 44; Suv. 135, 19; men ol rakšaska sanlığ men ‘I am subject to that female demon’ (Sanskrit rekšasŋ U IV 14, 129-30; o.o. do. 12, 112; 16, 154; TT VIII E.i; F.S: Civ. maga (VU) Tülek Temürke sanlığ... kavlalıkımnı ‘the vegetable garden belonging to me Tülek Temür’ USp. 15, 1; (a man bom in the Ox or Swine Year) bu yultuzka sanlığ tuğar ‘is bom under this star’ TT VII14, 16-17; a.o.o. in TT VII; (sanlığ in TT I 84 (edllg) is prob. a P.N./A. fr. san as a Sec. f. of F tsag, q.v.): Xwar. xıv sanlığ ol bizge ‘that belongs to us’ Qutb 153: Osm. ulu sanlu kiši ‘e great and distinguished person’ TTS IV 662.

D sı:nlığ P.N./A. fr. 1 sı:n (human body, statue, size); survives in NE Alt., Tel. sindu:; Sag. sınnığ ‘tall; long; as long as’ R IV 634-5: NC Kır. sindu: ‘shapely, well-built (man), handsome’, and the like; Kzx. sındı ditto: NW Kk., Kaz., Nog. sinli ditto. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 22, 1-3 (i) (ögdiŋ: Xak. xı Kaš. III 138 (I si:n).

Dis. V. SNL-

D sınal- (tested, tried) Pass. f. of sına:- (test, try); ‘to be tested, tried’. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ı:š smaldi: ‘the matter was tested’ (curriba) Kaš. II 126 (sınalur, sınalma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sınai- (-ip) sman-, ya'nî tacruba olun- ditto Vel. 289 (quotn.); sınai- (mis-spelt sinel-) imtihan šudan ditto. San. 257r. 1 (same quotn.): Kom. xıv ditto sınai- CCG; Gr.

D saŋla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. saŋ. Xak. xı kuš saŋla:dı: ‘the bird defecated’ (daraqa) Kaš. III 403 (saŋla:r, saŋla:ma:k).

D senle:- (thou) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. sen; ‘to address as "thou”’; cf. French tutoyer. Xak. xı ol anı: senle:di: ‘he addressed him as an inferior’ (xatabahu bi-xitabVl-adniya ); it means (to address as) ‘thee’ (anta); the most common (al-taktiŋ form of address is (described by) sizle:di: meaning (he addressed him as) ‘you’ \840\  (otituin); this corresponds to (bi-manzila) the form of address to kings, as in the Koran itine anzalnehıı ‘we sent him down’ Kaš. III 298 (senle:r, senle:me:k).
840

D saŋlat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of saŋla:-. Xak. \i ol kušnı: saŋlattı: 'he made the falcon (etc.) defecate’ (aslaha'1-bezŋ Koš. II 359 (saŋlatu:r, saŋlatma:k).

D senlet- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of senle:-. Xak. xı ol am: senletti: ‘he urged him to address him (i.e. a third party) as an inferior’ (bi--xitebi'l-šiğeŋ; as we have explained (i.e. under sen) the Turks address a superior with sin zey and say siz and address someone inferior in rank with stn nun and say sen; hence the phr. ol am: senletti: ‘he urged him to use this form of address as a humiliation’ (tahkira (n)) Kaš. II 346 (senletü:r, senletme:k).

Tris. V. SNL-

D siŋi:le:- (whine, moan) Den. V. fr. *siŋi:, an onomatopoeic cognate to siŋ, q.v. Survives in SW Osm. sinle- (of animals) ‘to whine, moan’; XX An at. siŋele-/sinile-/sinle- ‘to sob quietly; (of a dog) to howl (with the cold); (of copper vessels) to clatter, clang’. Koš.'s second translation is hard to connect with the rest. Xak.. .VL it siŋhleuli: ‘the dog whined (horra) with the cold (etc.)’; and one says su:v siŋi:le:di: ‘the water was (so) cold (barada) that it almost froze’ (yacmud); and kula:kim siŋi:le:di: ‘my ear sang’ (or buzzed, tanna) Kaš. III 405 (siŋi:-le:r, siŋi:le:me:k; corrected from -ma:k, not vice versa as in Atalay): (Kip. xıv sipilde- (‘with -ŋ-’) ‘of a dog, to howl ('atca) with the cold’ Id. 54): Osm. xv ff. siŋile-/siŋilde-/ siŋle/?sinle- ‘to howl, or whine’, usually of a dog; noted in several dicts, and two texts Tl'S I 630; II 826; III 628; IV 693.

D süŋü:le:- (pierce) Hap. leg. (?); Den. V. fr. süŋü: (lance, spear (cavalry)). Xak. \i ol am: süŋü:le:di: ‘he pierced him with a lance’ (in analın bi'1-nnnlı) Koš. III 405 (süŋü:le:r, süŋü:le:me:k).

D siŋillen- (sistery) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. siŋil. Xak. xı ol kı:zığ siŋillendi: ‘he adopted the girl as a younger sister’ (ittaxada'l-ceriyn ux-ta (n)) Koš. III 408 (siŋillenü:r, siŋillenme:k).

Dis. SNN

VUD seŋe:n (? siŋe:n) Hap. leg.; under fa'el in the -g- Chap.; prob. a crasis of *siŋge:n Den. N./A. connoting habitual action fr. siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink). Xak. xı segern ne:g ta etn 'afš ‘astringent food’ Kaš. III 376.

F saŋu:n/segü:n the Chinese title chiang chün (Giles 1,212 3,276; Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese tsjarj k}tun) ‘army commander, general’ was, bestowed by the Chinese emperor on, or assumed by, a number of Turkish notables. Such names occur in the texts and also the names of actual Chinese generals. As the first word had a back vowel and the second a front one scriptions vary. Türkü vııı Čača: \\ Segü:n (Chinese) ‘General Sha Cha’ I E 32, II E 26; Čag següm (Chinese) ‘General Chang’ I N 13; Ku: Segü:n (Chinese) ‘General Ku’ II S 8-9: (leading the Kıtan and Tatabi: people, PU) Udar Segü:n (came) I N n-12: vı 11 fr. Yen. Tarkan Sagu:n men Mat. 32, 7; er bašı: sagu:n tflürü:p ‘killing the general, the leader of men’ do. 48, 3: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. tağay Toga Sagunka ‘for uncle Toga Sagun’ U II 80, 67; upası Külüg inanč Šaču (VU) sagun ‘the lay brother Külüg inanč, General of Šaču’ Pfahl. 6, 5; in the list of names in the third ‘Pfahl’, do. 23, 15, Aytuğmıš (VU) sagun and Sağlığ (VU) sagun are mentioned between the tegim and the ınah: O. Kır. ıx ff. Boyla: Sagu:n Mai. 7, 1; (PU) Čočuk böri: sagu:n do. 12, 1.

Dis. SNR

seŋir (protrusion, ledge) ‘a projecting part (lateral or vertical) of a mountain’; hence also ‘the projecting part (corner or buttress?) of a wall’. Survives in NE Alt., Kiier., Tel. segir ‘corner’ R IV 448: NC Kır. segir ‘a high mountain ridge covered with grass or trees’; Kzx. s^ŋgir ‘high mountain ranges’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (then that cook) buluğda segirde yaša olurup ‘hiding in corners and (behind) the edges of walls’ (stole children in the street) U III 65, 4 (in: Civ. tağ yarinde tağ ündi segir boldı in the mountainous country a mountain rose and became a ridge’ TT I 44-5: O. Kır. ıx ff. Kara: segir, geographical name, occurs several times in Mai. 24: Xak. xı segir ‘the projecting part (ra'n) of a mountain’, also ‘the edge (or comer, tarf) of any wall’ Kaš. III 362; o.o., Kara: segir geographical name III 222 (kara:); (grief comes to a man;) ta:ğ segiri:ge: ye:l tegi:r ‘the wind beats against the nose (anf) of a mountain’ (then it passes away from him, as the wind drops from the projecting part (al-ra'n) and the latter is as it w as before) HI 360, 3: (Čağ. xv ff. the word in the passage fr. Bebur quoted in R IV 448 is Hindustani sangnr ‘a stone breastwork’): Kom. xıv segir tav (i.e. ta:ğ) ‘projecting rocks’ CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv segir (‘with -g-’) al-rebiya ‘hill, mountain’ Id. 54.

siŋa:r (side, one side of a pair, duplicate, another half, ) ‘a side’; properly a N., but often used practically as an Adv. or Postposn. Survives in iNE Tel.: NC Kır., Kzx.: NW Kk., Kaz., Nog., where it tends to mean ‘one of two sides’, or ‘one of two (anything)’, to the exclusion of the other, as in Kaz. siŋar küzle ‘one-eyed’, or alternatively, ‘the duplicate’ of something else, hence ‘like’ as in SC Uzb. men (or menig) siŋari ‘like me’. See san: and cf. yıga:k. Türkü vııı siŋar süsi: ‘one wing of the army’ II E 32 (bark); sıgarča: artukhalf as much again’ T 40 (1 u:č): Uyğ. vııı berdin siŋar ‘south of’ Šu. E 3 (berdin); siŋarı: bodun ičikti: siŋarı: b[gap] ‘half the people surrendered to us and half’ (fled to China?) do. E 6-7: Man.-A kün batsikdm siŋar ‘in (or from) the west’ M III 9, 4 (ii) (followed by three similar phr. for the other cardinal points): Man. koptın siŋar ‘in every \841\ direction’ TT III 60 (1 e:l); o.o. TT IX go, etc. (1 taš): Hud. kayudın siŋar... antin siŋar ‘in whatever direction’ (or ‘on whatever side’) ... ‘in that direction’ (or ‘to that side’) U II 29, 19-21; o.o. U III 29, 2-3 (i:d-); Knan. 2, 189, 2j8, etc.: Civ. alkudm siŋar ‘on all sides’ TT VII 29, 9: Xak. xı 8iga:r ednibu'1-šay ‘the side of a thing’; hence one says siŋa:rdin yori: ‘walk beside’ (me, edniba (tı)) Kaš. III 375: KB tusulmaz kišig kıl özügde siŋar ‘put aside from you the man that is no use to you’ 5538; o.o. 1786, 4401 (sakınčsız), 4792: xııı (?) At. 366 (sal-); Tef. siŋar kozli ‘one-eyed’ 269 (.siyir, but ?so read); og siŋar ‘the right side’ (etc.) 272: Xwar. xıv siŋar köz birle saklab ‘looking out with one eye’; (the warriors looking) baylar siŋaru ‘in the direction of the rich’ Qutb 165: Tkm. xv (under 'aldmatul--tašbih ‘Advs. of Comparison’.. . and in Tkm.) siŋar (/-čılayın) Tuh. 89a. 13: Osm. xiv, xv, and xvııı bir sınar ‘one section’; ol sınan ‘like that’; benüm sınan ‘like me’, and other similar phr.; common TTS I 622; II 818; III 621; IV 684.
841

Tris.

siŋir (sinew, spasm, жила (кровеносный сосуд, сухожилие, нерв)) ‘muscle, sinew’; s.i.a.m.l.g. Türkü vııı ff. Man. (the five component parts of the body: bones) siŋir (veins, flesh, skin) M III 19, 14 (ı): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. siŋirin M III 29, 3 (i) (damaged passage): Bud. (he was very thin) siŋiri tamın süŋükige tegi közünüp ‘his muscles (sinew) and veins right down to his bones being visible’ U III 35, 20-1; a.o. do. 6o, 4 (i) (1 tı:š): Civ. II176 (adğır); bıšığ siŋir ‘ginger’ (lit. ‘cooked (boiled) sinews’, see H. W. Bailey in Fuad Köprülü Armağanı, Istanbul, 1953, p. *52) II14, 8, etc.; IIII; TT VII22, 7; VIIIM. 16, 29: Xak. xı siŋir al-ašab ‘muscle, sinew’ Kaš. III 362; bu: er ol siŋiri: kurulğa:n ‘this man is constantly getting cramp’ (ya'tari-hi'1-tašanmtc) I 520, 8: xııı (?) Tef. siŋir ‘ (camel’s) tendons’ 269: xıv Muh. al-ašab Mel. 4, 19545, 14; Rif. 75, 139 (and 142 only): Čağ. xv ff. siŋir (spelt, ‘with -ŋ-’) 'ašab wa pay (‘sinew’) San. 2.s8r. 14 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv siŋir ‘bow-string’ Qutb 158: Kom. xıv ‘nerve’ (? ‘sinew’) siŋir CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-ašab siŋir (MS. siŋiŋ Hou 21, 18: xıv siŋir (‘with -ŋ-’) ditto Id. 54; ditto sini:r (g) (i.e. siŋir) Bul. 8, 9: xv 'ašab siŋir Tuh. 24b. 8.

Dis. V. SNR-

D siŋür- (swallow; digest) Caus. 1. of siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink); basically ‘to swallow; to digest’, w. some extended meanings later. Survives in NE Khak., Tuv. siŋir-: SE Türki siŋür-: NC Kır., Kzx. siŋir-: NW Kk. siŋir-. There are sporadic spellings siŋir- in Uyğ. and in the MS. of Kaš. the vocalization is chaotic. Cf. siŋdür-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. [gap] siŋirip ‘swallowing’ U IV 40, 175; siŋirgelir do. 8, 19 (kılın-); siŋürür PP 17, 3 (udik): Civ. H I 153 (2 yu:): Xak. xı ol tanču: siŋürdi: (MS. siyirdi:) ‘he swallowed (ib tala'a) the gobbet’ (etc.) Kaš. III 392 (siŋürür, also vocalized sipirür, si:gürme:k, sic): KB (true words are bitter to the mind, but).siŋürse anıg ašğı börgey tatığ ‘if one \\\ 'swallows them, their benefit gives a pleasant taste’ 5774; a.o. 5777: xııı (?) At. siŋür- ‘to swallow’ 270: xıv Muh. hadama ‘to digest’ siŋür- Mel. 32, 5 (see siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink)); shgtir- Rif. 116; hadmu'l- -fa'dm si: gü:rmek 125 (only): Čağ. xv ff. siŋür- muncadib sdxtan ‘to draw in, absorb’; xawd kardan ‘to cause to plunge into something)’; hadm kardan ‘to digest’; also an idiom for tahammül kardan 'to endure, put up with (something)’ San. 257r. 27 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv siŋür- ‘to absorb’ (grief into the soul) Qutb 165 (sitjur-): Kom. ‘to swallow, absorb’ siŋir- CCG; Gr.

V. SNR-

S sanrı:- See sandrı:-. (insane, mix up, scatter-brain, hallucinate, rave, confused, помешаться)

VU?D soŋra:- (obstinate) Hap. leg. Xak. xı er ı:ška: soŋra:dı: hanına'l-racul fi qabüli'l-amr wa raddada'l-kaldm ‘the man was obstinate about accepting the order and rejected what was said to him’ Kaš. III 402 (soŋra:r, soŋra:ma:k).

S sanrıš- See sandrıš- (go insane).

Tris. SNR

D siŋa:rki: (apart, side, interior/exterior) N./A.S. fr. siŋa:r (side, one side of a pair, duplicate, another half); n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit vivekam anubfmhayet ‘let him strive for isolation’ (i.e. standing apart from the world) sıŋa:rkığ üklitgülük TT VIII E.6; on siŋa:rki burxa:nla:r ‘the Buddhas in the ten directions’ (the eight cardinal and semi-cardinal points, above and below) do. K.2; ondın siŋarki alku burxan-lar USp. 89, 24-5; kayudın sıŋarkı čerigig utar yegedür ‘he defeats and gets the better of armies on whatever side they may be’ do. 104, 19-20: İčtin sıŋarkı... taštın sıŋarkı ‘interior... exterior’ TT X 411-12: Civ. (a vegetable garden) taš köprügnüg ögdün sıŋarkı ‘situated on the near side (or east?) of the stone bridge’ USp. 15, 2.

D siŋirke: (sinew, thread) Hap. leg.; Dim. f. in -ke: (pec. to this word and yipke:; prob. a crasis of -kiye: for -kine:); ‘a small sinew’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit tantu ‘thread’ siŋirke:le:ri: ylpke:-le:ri : TT VIIIF. r4.

D seŋregü: (running nose, сопляк) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. *seŋre:- (?), a Den. V. fr. seŋir (protrusion, ledge) presumably meaning ‘to discharge (mucus) from the nose’. Xak. xı segŋregü: at ‘a horse with a continuous discharge from its nose like pus’ (bihi šudem yasil min anfihi’l-muxat ka'l-midda); and a boy is so called as a term of abuse (yusabb) when his nose is constantly running Kaš. III 387.

D seŋirlig (protrusion, ledge) Hap. leg.; ‘having projecting rocks’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Tiš. 31a. 6 (esrigü:).

D siŋarsuk (one-sided) Hap. leg.; Den. N. fr. siŋa:r (side, one side of a pair, duplicate, another half); lit. ‘something on one side’. Xak. xı siŋarsuk al-qatdt wahzua maq'adu'l-radif mina'l-faras ‘the hindquarters of a horse, that is the place where a passenger (second rider) sits’ Kaš. III 388.

Tris. V. SNR-

D siŋarla:- (apart, isolated) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. siŋa:r (side, one side of a pair, duplicate, another half). Xak. xı ol anı: siŋarla:di: ‘he took advantage of his weakness (istad'afahu) and took \842\ revenge on him, when he found him isolated and without a helper’ (wacadahu farid bi-ğayr muin) Kaš. III 409 (sıŋaria:r, siŋarla:ma:k).
842

D siŋirle:- (hamstring) Den. V. fr. siŋir; n.o.a.b. with divergent but appropriate meanings. Xak. xı ol yarsın siŋirle:di: ‘he put a bow-string (albasa'I- aqib) on his bow’ Kaš. III 409 (siŋirle:r, siŋirle:me:k): Čağ. xv ff. siŋirle- (spelt, ‘with -ŋ-') pay kardan 'to hamstring’, that is to cut the leg tendons San. 257V. 22: Osm. xıv to win siŋirle- ‘to hamstring’; in several texts TTS I 628; 7/825; 693.

D siŋirlen- (hamstring) Refl. f. of siŋirle:- (hamstring); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı et siŋirlendi: ‘the meat was stringy’ (katura a'šebul-lahm)] and one says ya: siŋirlendi: ‘a bow-string was fitted (ulbisa'l--’aqib) to the bow’ (etc.) Kaš. III 407 (siŋirlenü:r, siŋirienme:k): Čağ. xv ff. siŋirlen- pay šudan ‘to be hamstrung’ San. 258r. 5.

Dis. SNS

D sansız (sa:nsiz) (innumerable) Priv. N./A. fr. san- (sa:n-) (count, deem, think, suppose, conjecture); ‘innumerable’. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE; in SW only Tkm. sa:nsız (Az. saysız; Osm. sayısız). Türkü vııı sansız kelürip kop kot (t)ı: ‘they brought innumerable (blood horses and furs) and deposited them all’ (at the tomb}*/ S 12: Uyğ. ıx Suci 5 (ağıl): vııı ff. Man.-A sansaz tümen yıl ‘innumerable myriads of years’ M I 10, 4: Man. TT III 102 (ülgüsüz): Bud. sansız tümen özlüg ölürür ‘they kill innumerable myriads of living beings’ PP 1,5; o.o. TT VI 431, etc. (sakıšsız): Xak. xı KB (Thou hast created) tümen mil) bu sansız tirig ‘these innumerable millions of living beings’ 21: xııı (?) KBPP sansız salem u durüd ‘innumerable greetings and praises’ 5: Xwar. xıv sansız ‘innumerable’ Qutb 152; sansızın 153; sansız Nahc. 399, 1 (sakıšsız).

D sensiz (without you) Priv. N./A. fr. sen; ‘without you’. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı Kaš. III 131, 22 (uzal-); n.m.e.: Čağ. xv ff. sensiz/sensizin bî-tû ‘without you’ San. 258r. 10 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv sensizin Qutb 165 (under sır-).

Dis. SNŠ

E saŋıš See sakıš (thought, reckoning, counting, calculation, countless, number, decide, care, worry) (sage).

süŋüš (battle) Dev, N. (connoting mutual action) fr. *süŋ- (battle, fight);‘a battle’ and the like. N.o.a.b. Türkü vııı yegirmi: süŋüš süŋüšmiš ‘fought twenty (pitched) battles’ IE 15, II E 13; similar phr. I E 40, II E 34; Ix. 11, etc.: ol süŋüšde: ‘in that battle’ IN 2; o.o. Ix. 9, etc.: vııı ff. Man. M III 19, 11-13 (yöleıšür-): Uyğ. vııı ekinti: süŋüš ‘the second battle’ Šu. N 9: Xak. xı süŋüš al-tired 1 oal-- muta ana wa’l-harb ‘battle, spearing one another, war’; Sügüš a man’s name Kaš. III 365.

Dis. V. SNŠ-

D sına:š- (test, try) Recip. f. of sına:- (test, try); ‘to test, or try, one another’. S.i.s.m.l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. bir İkintike sınašalım ‘let us test one another’\\\ (to see which of us is the stronger) U IV 12, 84-5: (? Osm. xvı see sunuš-).

D siŋiš- (soak, permeate) Hap. leg.?; Co-op. f. of siŋ- (sink, absorbed, digested) (sink). Xak. xı su:vln:r kamuğ siŋišdi: ‘the waters all ran together’ (tanadabat)\ also used of any liquid (ıneyi') when parts of it penetrate (tadaxala) something else Kaš. III 394 (siŋišü:r, siŋišme:k).

D sunuš- (stretch out, present, offer) Recip. f. of sun- (stretch out, present, offer); ‘to stretch out, or offer (something) to one another’. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı ola:r ikki: etme:k sunušdı: 'they two offered (naivala) bread (etc.) to cach other’ Kaš. II 112 (sunušu:r, sunušmatk): xııı (?) Tef. sunuš- ‘to present (a cup) to one another; to hold out (swords) together’ 277: (Klp. xv? nawala (VU ušun-), below the line, in second (? SW) hand, sunuš- Tuh. 37a. 2): Osm. xv sunuš- ‘to present (a cup) to one another’ TTS III 643: (xvi Ar. mudawaka ‘testing one another’ süŋü ile bir birine š.nu:šmak seems to be an error for sınašmak rather than süŋüsmek IV 711).

D süŋüš- (fight) Recip. f. of *süŋ- (battle, fight); ‘to fight (one another)’; n.o.a.b. Türkü vııı süŋüš- is common, both by itself, e.g. üč yegirmi: süŋüš-dimiz ‘we fought thirteen (pitched) battles’ I E 18; and in the phr. süŋüš süŋüš-, see süŋüš: vııı ff. Man. (we know) teŋriii yekli nede ötrü süŋüšmiš ‘why the gods and demons fought one another’ Chuas. 165; a.o.o.: Uyğ. vni süŋüšdim anta: sančdım ‘I fought and routed (them) there’ Šu. E 1, 3, 4, 6; S 5: Man. anıg nomı barı süŋüšmek ol ‘his doctrine and being is fighting’ M II 5, 5-6 (ı): Xak. xı iki: er birle: süŋüšdİ: terada'l-ricîen fi'l-harb wa ta ana ‘the two men charged at one another in the battle and speared one another’ Kaš. III 394 (süŋüšü:r, süŋüšme:k); a.o. III 393, 15.

Dis. SNZ

VUF sünzi: (louse) Hap. leg.; ‘louse’. No doubt a l.-w. fr. a Chinese phr. The second syllable is the common enclitic tzri (Giles 12,317), but there are difliculties about the first. The normal Chinese word for ‘louse’ is shihlse (Giles 9,929); there is an alternative word, Giles 9.930, Karigren, Grammata Serica Recensa, no. 5o6<7., which has the same pronunciation, but has as its upper part a character, Karigren, op. cit., no. 383 (7., which serves as a phonetic sin/sün (both current) in Giles 4,584-6/4,894-6. Prof. W. Simon says that there is no evidence that it ever had this phonetic value in Giles 9.930, but as its presence in that character is unexplained (see Karigren, op. cit.) it seems possible that there wras once a Chinese word sün, or the like, for ‘louse’ which was later displaced by shihjse, a commoner word. Xak. xı sünzi: šay' min cinsi'l-barğût wa ahsibuhu'l--qaml a thing of the flea family; I reckon that it is ‘louse’ Kaš. I 422.

Mon. SR

F 1 sir (color, paint, glaze, silvering, lacquer) originally ‘lacquer’, l.-w. fr. Chinese ch'i ‘lacquer’ (Giles 1,023; Pulleyblank, Middle \\ Chinese ts’pt, which would have been ts'ir or the like in vııı transcriptions of Chinese in' Tibetan characters, see JRAS, 1926, p. 521). S.i.a.m.l.g.; in NE, NC, NW usually ‘colour, paint’, in SE, SC, SW Osm. ‘lacquer; glaze (on pottery); silvering (on mirrors)’, and the like. Cf. sırčı:. Xak. xı sir ‘viscous substances (luzücet) made of glue (al-ğire) and daubed (yulattax) on Chinese bowls (qisa) and then carved’ (or painted, yunqaš); hence one says sırlığ aya:k ‘a cup daubed with it, and carved (or painted)’ Kaš. I 324.
843

VU 2 sir (cricket screeching) Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic. Xak. xı one says of the sound of a cricket (al-cudcud) sır sır etti: ‘it made the sound of this onomatopoeic’ (al-hikeya); also used as an onomatopoeic for the scratching (al-šariŋ of a pen and the like Kaš. I 324.

PU sir (? šir) (beautiful, good) except for possible occurrences in I E 34 and Ix. 21 (see 2 irkin) this word occurs only in T in the phr. quoted below. Various explanations have been suggested; the most plausible is that put forward by- Aalto in Journal de la Societe Finno-Ougrienne XL, p. 51 that it is the Sogdian word Syr, ‘beautiful, good’. Türkü vııı Türkü (PU) šir bodun ‘the good (?) Türkü people’ (Example is an ethnic name, Cf. Seyanto = Sir + Yanto) T 3, 11, 60, 61, 62.

VU so:r (sip) Hap. leg.; prob. a mere onomatopoeic, but cf. so:r-, which may itself have an onomatopoeic basis. Xak. xı one says er so:r so:r mü:n öpti: ‘the man sipped (hasa) the soup noisily’ (? , MS. bi-šib, which gives no sense and is prob. an error); it is an onomatopoeic (hikeya) for the sound of the lips (al-šafah) İCaš. III 122.

Mon. V. SR-

sa:r-, ser- Preliminary note. A good deal of confusion has occurred between these two V.s, chiefly owing to scribal errors in the MS. of Kaš. and misunderstandings by Atalay, but the difference is made clear by a grammatical passage, II 37 ff., on the formation of the Infin., if it is correctly translated. It states that there are two Infin. Suffs., -ma:k and -me:k, the first attached to V.s containing (1) qaf; (2) ğayn; or (3) back vowels (o e ), the second to V.s containing (1) al-kefu’l-šulba (k); (2) al-kefu’l-raluka (g); or (3) front vowels (i ï/ı u ü ö a ä(æ, ə)) (al-kalimatu’l-rakika). Examples are given of each class, that for the last including the following; e.g. er telim serdi: 'the matt endured (šabara) much', serer, serme:k; since the word has front vowels (o e ), the Infin. has -me:k (kafiya (n)); do you not see that a similar V. w. back vowels (al-mušbi'a) has an Infin. in -ma:k (al-qafŋ, it is in the sentence beg am: sardı: ‘the beg reproved him' (zacarahu), sarar, sarma:k (MS. serme:k)’. Atalay indexed sa:r- as sar- and ser-, and ser- and serme:- as sar-. In the medieval period and later saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari) sometimes occurs as sar-. \\

1 sa:r- (mistreat, misuse) ‘to ill-use (someone)’ and the like; pec. to Xak. Xak. xı (among the Mon V.s w. a long vowel) ol am: sa:rdi: 'annafa.hu wa xaššana lahu'l-qawl ‘he ill-used him and used harsh language to him’ Kaš. III 181 (sara:r, sar-ma:k; sic, altered fr. me:k); a.o. II 38, 29 (see above); KD 4610.

S 2 sar- See saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari).

1 ser- (endure) Trans, ‘to endure (something)’; Intrans. ‘to be patient’. In this meaning n.o.a.b. It is difficult to connect w. this SW Az., Osm., Tkm. ser- ‘to spread out on the ground, beat to the ground, neglect (one’s work)’, and the like; der. f.s like sergek ‘swaying’, seril- (fickle, sway) ‘to sway’ seem to go back to some quite different V. here shown as *2 ser-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. öz ig emgekimin seril umadin ‘because I cannot endure my illness and pain’ U III 37, 37; adinlarnig emgekin körser bir kšan ödün yeme serip turğalı umaz ‘if he sees the pain of others he cannot endure it even for an instant’ (Sanskrit kšana) TT X 74-6; a.o. TM IV 255, 121: Civ. in TT VII 1, 36 ff., an astronomical text, serer, of a planet, means ‘remains’ (in a particular constellation) ; (you have sent a letter to the officials saying) sizler munun (? read munda) .kobčurm sersün ‘you must bear (i.e. be responsible for) the tax (Mong. l.-w.) here’ USp. 9, 1-2 (a very dubious text): Xak. xı ol serdi: ‘he was patient about a matter’ (šabara fi amŋ Kaš. II 7 (sere:r, serme:k); a.o. II \\ 38, 21 (see above): KB (anything that stands firmly) tüšmez serer ‘does not fall but stays (upright)’ 807; serip turdačı er ‘the man that waits patiently’ (catches the white bird) 1319; o.o. 489 (tüne:-), 5823: xııı (?) At. 175-6 (sig-): Xwar. xıv ser- ‘to endure’ Qutb 165 (sır-)'. (Kip. xııı see saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari)).

2 *ser- (suck) See serge:k (swaying, tottering), seril- (fickle, sway).

3 ser- ( spread out, knock down, neglect) SW Az., Osm., Tkm. ser- ‘to spread out on the ground, beat to the ground, neglect (one’s work)’, and the like

1 so:r- (suck) (absorb) ‘to suck (something Acc.); to suck up, or out (something Acc.)'. Listed in Kaš. among Mon. V.s w. a long vowel, but sometimes ?mis-spelt sor- in the MS. A l.-w. in Mong. as soro- (Kow. 1413, Haltod 345); s.i.a.m.l.g.; SE Türki irregularly šora-/šorı-; SW Tkm. šo:r-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A (a bug) kišinet) kanın kentü sorar ‘itself sucks a man’s blood’ MI 8, 15-le: Civ. sor- ‘to suck up’ 77 11 14, 133: Xak. xı kenč sü:t so:rdı: ‘the child sucked in (mojffl) the milk’ (etc.) Kaš. III 181 (2 so:r- follows); o.o. 7 16, 5 (sorğu:); 77 70 (emig): KB sorar öz kanı 655; a.o. 4099: xıv Muh. (?) mašsa so:r- Rif. 115 (only): Čağ. xv ff. sor- (-ğalı, etc.) šor- Vel. 294; sor- ... (2) makidan ‘to suck’ San. 239V. 9 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sor- (Aor. sorar /soruŋ ‘to suck’ Qutb 159: Kip. xııı mašša mina'1-mašš bi’l-fam ‘to suck with the mouth’ šor- Hou. 43, 20: xıv šor- mašša Id. 5e: xv ditto Tuh. 35b. 7: Osm. xıv ff. sor- ‘to suck’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 635; 77 834 ; 777 635 5 IV 701.

2 so:r- (ask, inquire, спрос) ‘to ask (a question); to inquire about (something Acc.)’, and the like. With long \844\ vowel (cf. 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb)) but sometimes ?mis-spelt in Kaš. An early l.-w. in Mong. as sori- ‘to examine, scrutinize, test’ (Haenisch 136, Kotv. 1412, Haltod 345) and also sura- ‘to ask (a question)’ (Haenisch 137 only; only der. f.s lateŋ. Survives as sor- only (?) in SW Osm., and in SE Türki, where the forms (scc Jarring, p. 277) are sor-/so:-/soy-/sora-/soya-. The forms sura- in NE and NC and sora- in SC Uzb. (sûra-): NW Kk., Kaz., Kumyk, Nog.: SW Tkm. (so:ra-) look more like reborrowings fr. Mong. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. kišike sorğıl 'inquire of a man’ USp. 46, 2 (not certain; in a very dubious text): Xak. xı (see Oğuz; the meanings given there seem to be good Xak.): KB (looking closely at what is and is not beneficial and) kereklig kereksizni kertii sorup ‘enquiring into the truth about what is and is not necessary’ 328; bu Aytoldı sordi kamuğ iš küdüg ‘Aytoldı inquired into everything that was going on’ 1038: XI11 (?) Tef. sor- ‘to ask (about something Acc.; or of someone Da!.)' 273: xıv Muh. sa’ala ‘to ask (a question)’ so:r- Mel. 26, 15; Rif. no (mis-spelt sğr-); al-su'el so:rmak 36, 7; (Rif. 122, hı:ğı:r-): Čağ. xv sor- (1) pursidan ‘to ask (a question), inquire’ San. 239V. 9 (quotns.); sora- (spelt) sureğ (Turco-Mong. l.-w.) tea taftîš kardan ‘to inquire, investigate’ do. 241 r. 9 (quotns.): Oğuz xı er sö:z so:rdi: istacarra’l--raculu'l-xabr ‘the man tried to get news’; and one says er yitük so:rdi: ‘the man looked for (or asked for news about, anšada) the stray animal’ (al-della) Kaš. III 181 (sora:r, sormark, sic): Xwar. xııı šor- ‘to ask’ 'Ali 28: xıv sor- (Aor. sorar) ditto Qutb 189: Kom. xıv ditto CCI, CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı sa'ala šor- Hou. 34, 11; a.o. 43, 21 (after 1 so:r-): xıv ditto İd. 5e: xv sa'ala, in the sense of asking how it is or where it is šor-Kav. 76, 5; Tuh. 20a. 7.
844

sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed) basically Trans, ‘to drive away, to drive on’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. these and extended meanings like ‘to plough, to follow (an occupation), to spend (time)’, and the like, and also in some languages as Intrans. ‘to continue, push on; (of time) to pass’. Note that SW Osm. sür- ‘to rub on, smear’ may be a Sec. f. of sürt-. Türkü vııı [gap] sü: sürti: ‘drove the army on (or away ?)’ Ix. 20; a.o. I E 23, IIE 19 (sügüglüg): vııı ff. Man. uvutsuz bilig sürüp ‘behaving shamelessly’ (i.e. having sexual intercourse) M / 5, e: Uyğ. vııı süre: in a damaged passage Šu. S 2: vııı ff. Man.-A (men and women...) neg etöz sevigin uvutsuz isig (sic) sürü umaz ‘cannot enjoy bodily love or have sexual intercourse 'MI 16, 18-20: Bud. (the king’s ox-herd) süre ündi ‘came out driving’ (five hundred oxen) PP 65, 2; sürüp išletip ‘driving and putting to work’ (birds and animals) Hüen-ts. 135; a.o. TT V 10, 8e: Xak. xı ol at sürdi: ‘he drove on (saqa) the horse’ (etc.); and one says er ıtığ sürdi: ‘the man drove away (tarada) the dog’ (etc.); also when a ruler has moved out (aele) of a town one says sürdi: Kaš. II 7 (süre:r, sürme:k); o.o. translated saqa 7/39, 9; 51, 8; 90, 12; tarada 177, 10; kalın bulutuğ tüpi: süre:r ‘a high wind clears away (yakšif) the dense clouds’ III 217, 1; (respect the wise man and listen to his words) erdemni: ögrenİpen ıška: sür-e: ‘when you learn good conduct, put it into effect’ (ista'tnil; Imperat. with enclitic -e:) I 428, 10: KB (he has sent away the wicked) ilindin sürüpdriving them out of his realm’ 437; o.o. 65 (erinčİg), 2312 (1 ö:č): xııı (?) Tef. sür- ‘to drive’ (a dog) 279: Xiv Muh. da'aha ‘to drive, drive away’ SÜ:r- Mel. 26, 5 (only); saqa tea hatta (‘to drive on, incite') sü:r- 27, 1; Rif. no; tarada sü:r- 28, 9; 112; o.o. 40, 7; 129 (and 149 only): Čağ. xv ff. sür- (-güm, etc.) sür- Vel. 293 (quotn.); sür- (‘with -ü-’) (1) randan ‘to drive, drive away’, etc. (quotn.); (2) metaph. šiyer kardan samın ‘to plough land’ San. 239V. 11 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sür-  (1) ‘to drive away'; ( (2), for sürt-, ‘to rub’) Qutb 163; (1) Nahc. 379, 17: Kom. xıv ‘to drive outsür- CCG’; ‘to plough’ saban sür- CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı saqa mina’l-sawq sür-, also al-nafe ‘to banish’ Hou. 40, le: xıv sür- tarada wa saqa İd. 52: xv saqa sür- Tuh. 20a. 2; nafe sür- 36b. 12: Osm. xıv ff. sür-‘to drive away; to spend (time); to go ahead (Intrans.)’, etc.; c.i.a.p. TTS I 657; 77 857; III 651; IV 718.

Dis. SRA

S sari: (towards) ‘towards, in the direction of’, and the like first appears in the medieval period, and s.i.s.m.l. It has been suggested that it is the Sogdian Postposition s'r, but this would have appeared earlier in Turkish or not at all, and there is little doubt that it is merely a crasis of sigarı:. Uyğ. xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. tört san ‘the four cardinal points’ Ligeti 192; R IV 321: Čağ. xv ff. san ( (1) Sec. f. of sarığ); (2) stmt tea taraf ‘direction, side’ San. 23m 2 (quotn.): Xwar. xııı šan ‘towards’ 'Ali 22: xııı (?) tört sanka Oğ. 103; tag sanka ‘eastwards’ do. 335; tün sanka ‘westwards’ do. 33e: xıv san/saru ‘towards’ (someone) Qutb 1S5: Kom. xıv san ‘towards’ CCG; Gr. ‘ ‘

VU saru: (shelf) Hap. leg.; perhaps a l.-w. Cf. sekü:. Xak. xı saru: ‘a shelf’ (al-raff) in the house on which things are placed’ Kaš. III 221.

Dis. V. SRA-

saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari) ‘to wind or wrap (something Acc.) round (something)’; as such Hap. leg., but survives as sar- in NW Kaz.: SW Az., Osm.; Tkm. sara-. See sarla:- (wind, wrap) (sari). Xak. xı ol su:luk saru:di: ‘he wound (kera) the turban round his head’ Čale ra’sihŋ; also used for wrapping (laffa) something round ('ala) something Kaš. III 262 (<saru:ŋ, saru:ma:k): xıv Muh. (?) laffa šay bi-šay’ sar- Rif. 11,5 (Mel. čuğlan-); al-laff ša:rmak 122: Kıp. xııı laffa min laffi’l-'imema ‘to wrap’, of wrapping a turban, etc. šar- Hou. 43, 17: xıv šar- laffa Id. 57; Bul. 79V.: xv ditto Tuh. 32a. 5; ( xııı našara ‘to spread out’ šar- (-ğıl) Hou. 34, 15: \845\ »45xiv ser- ditto Id. 52 seems to link with later meanings of ser-, q.v.).
845

Tris. SRC

sırı:- (sew, quilt, smock’ (a garment)) Preliminary note. Kaš. puts these two V.s in a single para, which follows tire:- (prop up, support, put up, erect, straighten) (tire (wheel) and precedes saru:-; in this position sari:- might be expected, and in fact the facsimile seems to show fatha’ struck out above the sini and kasraj substituted. There is sufficient evidence to prove that ‘to sew firmly' was sırı:- (sew, quilt, smock’ (a garment)), but the other V. may well have been sari:-.

VU 1 sırı:- (poop, shit, defecate) (срать) Hap. leg. Xak. xı it sırı:di: ‘the dog defecated’ (saliha) Kaš. III 262 (2 siri:- (sew, quilt, smock’ (a garment)) follows).

2 sırı:- (sew, quilt, smock’ (a garment)) ‘to quilt or smock’ (a garment). Survives as sırı- in NE, SE, NW, SW Az.; SC Uzb. sir-; SW Tkm. sıra-. Xak. xı (after 1 sırı:- (poop, shit, defecate) (срать)) and one says ol kidiz sırı:di: ‘he sewed with reinforced stitches’ (xata. . . xiyata muakkada), in Turkmen fashion, the felt from which the curtains and coverings (qirdm... wa ağšiyaluha) of tents are made during migrations (yawma'l-za'n) Kaš. III 262 (sırı::r, sırı:ma:k): Osm. xv Pe. ajandan ‘to sew’ igne İle sırımak TTS III 626.

Mon. SRB

sarp (šarp) (steep, rough, inaccessible, difficult) basically ‘difficult’; survives only (?) in SW Az., Osm. with this and such extended meanings as ‘steep, rough, inaccessible’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. yırak barmıš kiši kelmeki sarp ‘it is difficult for a man who has gone on a long journey to come back’ TT I 78; a.o. do. 221-2 (etig): Xak. xı KB idi sarp bolur bu yaŋi kelgüči ‘it is very difficult for this newcomer’ 492: bulardın İdi sarp bu yavlak yağı ‘of (all) these the most difficult is the evil enemy’ 3591; o.o. 5312, 5549 (aya:-): Kom. xıv sarphard’ CCG; Gr.: Kip. al-sa'b ‘difficult’ (opposite to ‘easykege:z) šarp Hou. 25, 11: xiv ditto Id. 57: xv ditto Tuh. 22b. 2: Osm. xıv ff. sarp ‘difficult (sharp, acerbic)’; (of vinegar) ‘rough’; (of magic or poison) ‘strong’; c.i.a.p. TTS II 792; III 601; IV 665: XVIII sarp (spelt) in Rumi, saxt wa šadid ‘hard, difficult’ San. 230V. 25.

Dis. V. SRB-

VUD sörple:- Hap. leg.; in a section for Dis. V.s containing three consecutive consonants; since it precedes the cross-heading T the third, ya in the MS, must be p; the Infin. is given as -ma:k corrected to ~me;k or vice versa. A Den. V., the basis otherwise unknown. Xak. xı ol erge:k bile: sörple:di: ‘he drew a lot (qara'a... mina’l-qur'a) with his finger’ Kaš. III 443 (sörple:r, sörple:me:k, MS. söri.le:- every where); a.o. 446, 10 (ditto).

Mon. V. SRC-

sürč- (stumble) ‘to stumble’; survives only (?) in SW Osm.; the commonest modern word for ‘to stumble’ is sürün- but there can hardly be an etymological connection. Xak. xı at sürčdİ: ‘the horse (etc.) stumbled’ (a'tara) Kaš. III 420  (8Ürče:r, sürčme:k): xıv Muh. (}) 'atara sürč- Rif. 112 (only); al-'iter sürčmek (MS. mak) 122: Čağ. xv ff. sürč- (spelt, ‘with -č-’) lağzidan ‘to slip, stumble’ San. 241 v. 27: Xwar. xıv ditto Nahc. 299, 11: Kip. xıv ta'isa (‘to stumble’) wa 'atara süčre- (sic, -c-) Bul. 40V.: xv 'atara (sürün-; in margin in SW (?) hand) sürč- Tuh. 26a. 4.

Dis. SRC

S serče: See seče: (sparrow).

S sırča See sırıčğa: (glass).

DF sırčı: NrAg. fr. 1 sir (color, paint, glaze, silvering, lacquer); ‘lacquerer, painter’, and the like. S.i.m.m.l., usually for ‘painter’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (titigči ‘plasterer’)... sırčı... (ığaččı ‘woodworker’) Pfahl. 24, 29 (Müller read sürci, prob. influenced by an SE pronunciation (irregular) sürči in Shaw 121): Xak. xı KB (in a list of craftsmen; ‘blacksmith, cobbler’, etc.) sırčı 4458.

(D) sürčük (? sürčök) (stumbler, storyteller) ‘a story told at night’; this is the commonest meaning of al-samar and seems to fit all the passages quoted below. The alternative Xak. and Oğuz forms suggest an original -Ğ-. The only other trace of such a word seems to be sürček ‘a horse which is constantly stumbling’ Vam., p. 297, not in any Čağ. authority, and so presumably Uzb. xix but not now current in Uzb. This latter is a regular Dev. N. fr. sürč- (stumble); there is no semantic connection between such a word and the earlier meaning, but there is no obvious alternative. Xak. xı sürčük al-samar; the Oğuz pronounce it sürček Kaš. I 478: xıv Muh. al-hikaya ‘story, anecdote’ sürče:k Mel. 84, 14 (mis-spelt sürče:l); Rif. 190; Rbg. biz olarni sop kilgen ya'ni sogra yaratılğan xalayiq-larka sürček kilduk ‘we have made them (i.e. the people of Saba) a cautionary tale for people who came after, that is were created later’ R IV 828 (mistranslated): Oğuz xı see Xak.: Kip. xıv sürček (‘with -Č-’) al-samar Id. 52.

Dis. V. SRC-

D sürčit- (stumble) Caus. f. of sürč- (stumble); n.o.a.b.; the modem Osm. form is sürčtür-, Xak. xı ol atın sürčitti: ‘he made his horse (or something else) stumble’ ('ale'l-'atra) Kaš. II 328 (sürčitü:r, sürčitme:k; corrected from ma:k): Osm. xv and xvııı sürčüt- ‘to cause to stumble’; noted in several xv and one xvill text TTS I 656; IV 718.

Tris. SRC

(D) sarıčğa: (locust) ‘locust’; one of several names of animals ending in -ğa:. Survives in NE Koib., Sag. sanska; Mad. sarıška R IV 325-6; Khak. sansxa; some NW form with intrusive -n- became the basis of the Russian l.-w. sarancha; NW Baškır, Čuv. saranča are no doubt reborrowed fr. this word. Cf. čekürge:. Xak. xı sarıčğa: al-cared ‘locust’; ‘a lazy man’ (al-raculu’l-raxw) is metaph. called sarıčğa: er Kaš. I 489 (follows sırıčğa:, sin \846\ carries both fatha and kasra): (xiv Muh. see karınčğa: (ant)): Kip. xııı al-cared šarınčka: (Tkm. čekürge:) Hou. 10, 18: xıv šarınčkan (sic, -c-) al-cared in Kip. Id. 57.
846

Tris. SRC

sırıčğa: (glass)glass’, perhaps originally a natural mineral like ‘rock crystal’. Survives only (?) in SW Osm., Tkm. sırča; other modern languages use l.-w.s, the commonest being Pe. šiša, for ‘glass’. Uyg. vııı ff. Bud. süzük arığ sırıčğa teg ‘like clear, clean glass’ TT V 6, 24; a.o. do. 48: Xak. xı sırıčğa: al-zucec ‘glass’ Kaš. I 489: KB kiši kögli yuvka sırınčğa (sic) sanı ‘a man’s mind is fragile, like glass’ 4610: xıv Muh. al-qerüra ‘glass bottle’ sırča: (-c-) Mel. 69, 5; Rif. 170; (and al-zuccec ‘glass-maker’ sırča:čı: (-c- -c-) 57, 11; 156): Čağ. xv ff. sırča (spelt, ‘with -c-’) šiša wa dbgina ‘glass, glass bottle’ San. 251 v. 6 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sırčaglass’ Qutb. 165: Tkm. xııı al-zucec sırča: Hou. 5, 11: xıv ditto Id. 52; Bul. 5, 5: xv zucec šırša (in margin, in SW (?) hand, šırša) Tuh. 18a. 8: Osm. xıv ff. sırčaglass’; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 625; 7/822; 7/7625; IV 688.

Mon. SRD

F 1 sart (merchant, town dweller, Persian, Moslem) l.-w. fr. Sanskrit sartha ‘merchant’, prob. via Sogdian; it retained this meaning until xı but in the medieval period came to mean ‘town dweller’ as opposed to ‘nomad’, and more specifically ‘an Iranian’, as opposed to ‘a Turk’; it retained this meaning in Russian Turkistan until xix but is prob. now obsolete. Türkü vııı ff. Man. (wherever he finds) nığošaklarığ sartlarığ ‘Hearers and merchants’ (he will kill them) TT II 6, le: Xak. xı sart al-tecir ‘merchant’ Kaš. I 342 (prov.); o.o. 7 66, 16 (same prov.); III 13, 7: KB (hear now the words of) šartlar bašı ajun tezginigli Xitay arkıšı ‘the heads of the merchants and the China caravan that traverses the world’ 5754: Čağ’ xv ff. sart ‘a Persian town-dweller’ ('acamiy šahri) who is completely ignorant of Turkish Vel. 273 (quotns.); sart (spelt) tecik ‘Iranian’ San. 230V. 26 (same quotn.): Kip. xv hadart ‘villagersart (/fat) Tuh. 12b. 3; 'emmi ‘common peoplesart 24b. 11.

2 sart (clap, шаркать) in sart sırt onomatopoeic; as such Hap. leg., but NC Kzx. sırt sırt has a similar meaning. Xak. xı one says anıŋ ada:ki: sart sırt kıldı: ‘his feet made a (clapping) noise’ (šatvıvata); the kind of noise made by feet in loose-fitting slippers (al-mik'abi'l-wesi') Kaš. I 342.

sırt (back, mountain ridge, exterior, speed, shoulder blade, shoulder, mountain stream, small valley, hill, ploughshare, skink (lizard), грива) has a very miscellaneous range of meanings of which ‘back’ is perhaps the basic one. The Xak. meaning, unknown elsewhere, may have been properly ‘the thick hair on the back of a horse’s neck.’ S.i.a.m.l.g. meaning ‘a mountain ridge; the back (of a man, knife, axe, etc.); the exterior of something’, not all current in all languages. Xak. xı sırt al-hulb (MS. halb) ‘thick, coarse hair’ Kaš. I 342 (cf. sırtla:-): Gag. xv ff. sırt surat ‘speed’ (sic) \\\ Vel. 285; sırt (spelt) šena tva düš ‘shoulder blade, shoulder’ San. 251 v. 4 (šena also means ‘speed’; Vel.’s translation is prob. a misunderstanding of this word): Oğuz xı (after Xak.) and the Oğuz call any mountain stream or small valley (tal'a ıca ıvedi šağiŋ sırt Kaš. I 342: Kom. xıv sırthill’ CCG; Gr.: Kıp./Tkm. xıv šırt al-rebiya ‘a hill’; and in Kıp. našlu'l-milıret ‘a ploughshare’ İd. 57; a.o. do. 52 (sürüg); al-rehiya šırt Bul. 3, 10; al-sikka ‘ploughsharešırt (MS. šınt) do. 4, i; a.o. do. 5, i (sürüg): xv saqanqftr ‘skink’ (a kind of lizard) šırt balıkı Tuh. 19a. 8.

Mon. V. SRD-

sürt- (rub, erase) ‘to rub’, with several connotations, ‘to rub (things) together; to rub (something Acc.) on, or into (someone Dat.)-, to rub out, erase’. S.i.a.m.l.g.; cf. türt- (d-) (prod, push up, nudge, jog, incite, rub, anoint), 1 yak-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (if you make a bran and) ala kišike sürtser ‘rub it on a man with skin disease (or leprosy)’ TT VII 23, 4; o.o. do. 6 (but in do. 3 türt-); II I 65-6 (üze:), etc.: Xak. xı ol etme:kke: ya:ğ sürtti: ‘he smeared (lafaxa) oil on the bread’; and one says ol yarma:k ta:ška: sürtti: ‘he rubbed (or polished, ahakka) the coin on a stone’ (ete.) Kaš. III 426 (surte:r, sürtme:k): xıv Muh. dalaka ‘to rub, polish’ sü:rt- Mel. 26, 3; Rif. 108; sahaqa ‘to rub clean’ sü:rt- 27, 3; (110 süpür-); masaha yadahu ‘to wipe one’s hands’ eli: sürt- 31, 5; (115 sile:-): Cağ. xv ff. sürte alsam süre bilsem Vel. 292; sürt- (‘with -ü-’) melîdan ‘to rub’; in Rumi sür- San. 24ın 29 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sürt- ‘to rub (on something Dat.)' Qutb 163 (and see sür-): Kom. xıv ‘to anoint’ sürt- CCI; Gr.: Kip. xıv sürüt- (sic; Perror) masaha zva mahe (‘to erase’) Id. 52: xv ahakka sürtü- (sic) Tuh. 5b. 8; hakka (kašı-/) sürüt-13b. 3: masaha (sil-/) sürüt- (sic) (in margin in SW (?) hand, sürt-) 35b. 13.

Dis. SRD

(D) sırtığ Hap. leg.? (Uyğ. vııı ff. Dud. sırtığ in the following text seems to be a misreading of kıdığ; ‘the edge of the hair’ would make good sense here, and the error would be an easy one in badly written Uyğ.; (the mysterious light) alın lakšanındın sač sırtığındın üner ‘emerges from the sign (Sanskrit l.-w.) on the forehead and the edge (?) of the hair’ TT VII 41, 29-30): Xak. xı sırtığ atar kull hadit yuhiss minhul-racul ba'dahu min ğayr tamem ‘a fragment of any piece of news which a man hears later and incompletely’; one says men bu: sö:zdin sırtığ buldım ‘I got part of this story’ Kaš. I 463.

D sürtük Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. sürt- (rub, erase); lit. ‘rubbed, worn down’, and the like. Survives in this meaning in SW Az.; the meaning in Osm. ‘a disreputable woman’ is prob. an attenuation of the Xak. meaning. Xak. xı sürtük išle:r al-mar'atu'l-mashuqa ‘a passive Lesbian’; also al-sahiqa ‘an active Lesbian’; and anything that is rubbed (insahaqa) is called sürtük Kaš. I 477: Osm. xvı Ar. walhlc ‘one who slips in, \\ or pushes his way in’ ördügü yere sokulgan sürtük racûl TTS IV 719.
847

Dis. V. SRD-

D sarut- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari); the modern forms are sardır- and the like. Xak. xı ol agar suvluk saruttı: (sic) ‘he urged him to wind ('aid takwiŋ a turban (round his head)’; also used for telling someone to wrap (bi-laff) something Kaš. II 304 (sarutu:r, sarutma:k; MS. sant-).

?E serit- (melt) Hap. leg.; Arat plausibly translates ‘to melt’; in which case the text is prob. a transcription of a text in Arabic script in which the word was sızıtıp. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (if a man gets measles and becomes constipated) ingek yağın serit[ip] (? sızıtıp) bergü ol öter ‘you should melt butter and give it to him and his bowels open’ TT VII 22, 17-18.

D sırıt- Caus. f. of 2 sırı:-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ol kızka: kidiz sırıttı: ‘he made (kallafa) the girl sew the felt firmly’ (bi-šamracati'1-libd mu’akkadat (an) muqartamat (an)), that is like quilting (al-tadrfb) a garment Kaš. II 304 (sırıtu:r, sintma:k).

D sorut- (or sont- ?) Caus. f. of I so:r-; survives in SW Osm. sorut- ‘to pout’. Xak. xı uraığut kenčke: sü:t sorutti: ‘the woman made the child suck in (amaššat) the milk’; and one says er yürzin sorutti: (MS. sorith:) 'abbasa'l-racul ivachahu ‘the man frowned’ (i.e. screwed up his mouth) Kaš. II 304 (sorutu:r, sorutma:k, MS. sorit-).

D sürtül- (rubbed, erased) Pass. f. of sürt- (rub, erase); s.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. xı sürtüldi: ne:g ‘the thing was rubbed or abraded’ (tmahaqa... wa'nsahaca)\ also used when someone does it; Intrans. and Pass.; one says teri:ke: ya:ğ sürtüldi: ‘oil was smeared (lufixa) on to the hide’ (etc.) Kaš. II 231 (sürtülü:r, sürtülme:k): Čag. xv ff. sürtül- mdltda šudan ‘to be rubbed’ San. 241 v. 17.

DF sartla:- (sell, trade) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 1 sart (merchant, town dweller, Persian, Moslem). Xak. xı ol anı: sartla:dı: ‘he reckoned that he was a merchant’ (tdciŋ Kaš. III 444 (sartla:r, sartla:ma:k).

D sırtla:- (spin, climb) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. sırt (back, mountain ridge, exterior, speed, shoulder blade, shoulder, mountain stream, small valley, hill, ploughshare, skink (lizard), грива). Xak. xı yıpnı: sırtla:dı (MS. yıpım: sartla:di:) lavca’l--xayt 'ale'1-hulb ‘he spun the rope of coarse hair’ Kaš. III 444: Oğuz xı and in Oğuz when a man climbed (sa'ida) up a small valley (al-loedi'l-šağiT) Kaš. III 444 (sirtla:r, sirtla:-me:k; MS. štrıtla:r, šırtla:ma:k).

D sürtün- (rub, rubbed, wipe, worn (out), crawl) Refl. f. of sürt- (rub, erase); s.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. xı at yığa:čka: sürtündi: ‘the horse rubbed itself (ihtakka) against the tree’ (etc.); and one says er özige ya:ğ sürtündi: ‘the man made it his business to oil (rub) himself’ (tawalla bi-tadhin nafsihŋ; also used when he pretended to oil something Kaš. II 245 (sürtünü:r, sürtünmek): Kip. xıv sürtün- immasaha ‘to wipe oneself’, with the nün of Refl. Action (al-mutawa'a); then used for zahafa ‘to crawl (i.e. \\\ rub oneself) on the ground’ Id. 52; inhahha’l--qumdf ‘of linen (etc.), to be rubbed, worn (out)sürtün- Bul. 32r.: xv inhakka sürtün- Tuh. 5b. 8: Osm. xvı Pe. xazidan ‘to crawl’ (inter alia) sürtün- ve karnı üzerine sürtün’ (‘on one’s stomach’) TTS IV 719.

D 1 sortur- (suck) Caus. f. of 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ol ka:nığ sorturdı: amara bi-maffi'l-dam mina’l-mihcama wa nazfihi ‘he ordered that the blood should be drawn off in a cupping-glass and made to flow freely’ Kaš. II 184 (8or-turur, sorturma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sordur- Caus. f.... (2) ‘to order someone to suck’ (makidan) San. 240V. 8.

D 2 sortur- Caus. f. of 2 so:r- (ask, inquire); n.o.a.b.; modern V.s with this sense are derived fr. the longer modern form, e.g. SW Tkm. so:rat-. Xak. xı ol soruğ sorturdı: ‘he ordered someone to call out for (or ask for news about, bi-nišden) the stray animal' Kaš. II 184 (1 sortur- follows; N.B. not described as Oğuz): Čağ. xv ff. sordur- Caus. f.; (1) ‘to order (someone) to ask (a question, pursidan)’ San. 240V. 8.

D 1 sürtür- Caus. f. of sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); s.i.m.m.l., usually as sürdür-, Xak. xı ol anı: sürtürdi: ‘he ordered that he should be thrown out and scared away from the place’ (bi’l-cild’ ıva'1-zacr 'ani'l-maivdi'); and one says ol agar ko:y sürtürdi: ‘he ordered him to drive (asaqahu) the sheep’ (etc.) Kaš. II 184 (sürtürür, sürtürme:k): Čağ. xv ff. sürdür- Caus. f.; ‘to order someone to drive out (ba-rendan) or to plough’ (ba-šiyeŋ San. 224ov. 9.

D 2 sürtür- Caus. f. of sürt- (rub, erase); s.i.m.m.l., usually as sürttür-. Xak. xı ol agar ta:š sürtürdi: ‘he ordered him to rub (or polish, ahakkahu) the stone’ Kaš. II 184 (kadalika'l--mašdar ‘same Aor. and Infin.’, i.e. as 1 sürtür-): Čağ. xv ff. sürttür- (spelt) Caus. f.; ‘to order (someone) to rub’ (mdlidan) San. 241 v. 12.

D sürtüš- (rub, erase) Recip. f. of sürt- (rub, erase); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ol meniŋ birle: koğuška: ya:ğ sürtüšdi: ‘he competed with me in smearing (fi latx) oil on the leather’; and one says ol meniŋ birle: ašuk sürtüšdi: ‘he competed with me in rubbing and massaging (/i hakk... wa sahcihŋ the ankle’ Kaš. II 210 (sürtüšü:r, sürtüšmek): Čağ. xv ff. sürtüš- Recip. f.; ‘to rub (mdlidan) one another’ San. 241 v. 13.

Tris. V. SRD-

D sürtüštür- (rub, erase) Caus. f. of sürtüš- (rub, erase); s.i.s.m.l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (if a man’s flesh is inflamed (or leprous, ala)) badıyannı yarıp yarıp (? dittography) sürtüštürüp ‘cut up some lllicium anisatum (Sanskrit l.-w.) and have (the pieces) rubbed together’ (take the juice and rub it (sürtzün) on the flesh) H148-9.

Mon. V. SRĞ-

sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag) the basic connotation seems to be weak downward movement with no force behind it, \848\ hence (i) (of a liquid) ‘to overflow, drip’; (2) (e.g. of a limb) ‘to hang limply’. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, SC in one or both meanings with some phonetic changes. See salkım (pendant (adj.), cold; hoar-frost (иний)). Xak. xı su:v sarkdi: ‘the water overflowed’ (sariba)\ also used of any liquid when it drips (tnqatnra) from something; and one says ada:kim sarkdi: ‘my leg became numb and hung limply (xadirat... wa taqatarat a'ye'a (n)) because of riding’ Kaš. III 421 (sarka:r, sarkma:k): Xwar. xıv sark- ‘to hang limply’ Qutb 155: Kip. xıv šark- tadalle ‘to hang down’ Id. 57: Osm. xvı and xvıı sark- (1) ‘to lean down’; (2) ‘to fall on, attack’ TTS I 601; II 7y5:xvııı sarkı-/sarkıt- furû hištan wa (udxtan ‘to hang, suspend’ (Trans.) San. 230V. 19 (the translation fits only sarkıt-).
848

Mon. V. SRĞ-

Dis. SRĞ

sarığ ‘yellow’; c.i.a.p.a.i. w. some phonetic changes; apparently an early l.-w. in Mong. as šira (Haenisch 141). Türkü vııı sarığ altu:n ürüŋ kümüš ‘yellow gold and white silver’ T 88: vııı fî. sarı:ğ ta:š ‘a yellow (precious) stone’ Toy. 8 (ETY II 58); serığ atlığ savčı: ‘a messenger on a yellow horse’ IrkB 11: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sarığ altun PP 43, 1; sarığığ ‘bile’ Suv. 588, 14; sarığ tözlüg iğ ağrığ ‘illnesses arising from bile’ -do. 19-20; a.o.o.: Civ. sarığ munga ‘yellow mungo beans’ (Sanskrit mudga) H I 87, 119; sarığ erük ‘apricot’ do. 101; sarığ [ögiüg] ‘yellow-coloured’ (planet) TT VII 15, 1-2; sarığ tözlüg su:vsa:lik ‘thirst due to bile’ VIII 1.11; a.o.o.: Xak. xı sarığ ‘yellow’ (al-asfar) of anything; and for ‘intensely yellow’ (ol--asfaru'l-fclqi') one says sap sarığ; and ‘bile’ (al-mirratu l-šafre) is called simply (mutlaqa (n)) sarığ; sarığ su:v ‘yellow- liquid (al-šufeŋ in the stomach’; and one says sarığ surığ as a jingle (fVl-izdiwac) for ‘yellow’ Kaš. 7374; o.o. I 391 (kezig), etc.: KB the trees are adorned with crimson, scarlet) sarığ (blue and red) 67; (if my hand is narrow, i.e. stingy) sarığ kılğa ‘it will make my cheeks yellow’ 477: xııı (?) Tef. sarığ/saru ‘yellow’ 262: xıv Muh. al-ašfar sa:ru: Mel. 68, 2; sa:ruğ Rif. 168; al-bûnı ‘owl’ sa:ru: kuš 73, 3; 176 (in margin; ügi: in text); al-nıišmiš ‘apricot’ sa:rığ (Rif. sa:ru:ğ) erük 78, 11; 182: Čağ. xv ff. sarığ/ sank san Vel. 273 (quotn.): san abbreviation of sang zard ‘yellow’ San. 23ir. 2 (quotn.); sarığ zard do. 6 (followed by several phr.): Xwar. xııı šarığ ‘yellow’ 'Ali 12: xıv san/sarığ ditto Qutb 155: Kom. xıv ‘yellow; bile’ san CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-ašfar ša:ru: Hou. 13, 6; 31, 2; ašfar faqi' šap ša:ru: do. 31, e: xıv šan: al-ašfar; also ‘used for al-xamr ‘wine’; san: kawun ‘a yellow pumpkin’ Id. 57; al-dura ‘maize’ šaru (MS. šura) ot Bul. 7, 1: XV al-saman ‘butter’ ša:rı ya:ğ Kav. 63, 3; ašfar šan Tuh. 4a. 2 (and several phr.).

sıruk (pole) ‘a pole’, and more specifically ‘tent-pole’; s.i.s.m.l. as sırık. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. USp. 104, 13 (ığač): Xak. xı sıruk al-šaqb wahwa 'amiidu'l-xiluV ‘tent-pole’ Kaš. I 381  (the sin also carries a datnma): Čağ. xv ff. suruk sıruk... ağač ına'nesıııa wa čedir direki ‘a pole, tent-pole’ Vel. 294 (quotn.); suruk (spelt) sütün wa čüb-i buland ‘a column; a long piece of wood’ (quotn.); and metaph. ‘a stick’ (čûbî) which children make into a horse and ride on (quotn.) San. 242r. 22: Kom. xıv ‘pole’ suruk; ‘fishing-rod’ sinx CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv sıruk ‘a pole ('rId) as thick as a man’s arm and longer than a lance, on which clothes are hung’, in Ar. al-mišcab ‘clothes-horse’ Id. 52: Osm. xvııı sink (spelt) in Rumi, ‘a long piece of wood’ in general; this is a corruption of Čağ. suruk, which has this meaning; and ‘a lance’ (nayza) in particular San. 251 v. 20.

D soruğ (question, inquiry) Dev. N. fr. 2 so:r- (ask, inquire); ‘question, inquiry’; survives in SW Osm. soru/soruk (the latter, used esp. in the phr. soruk günii ‘the day of judgement’, looks more like a cognate f. in -uk (Pass.)); Tkm. SO:rağ; in most other languages the form is surağ or surak, prob. reborrowed fr. Mong. (see 2 so:r- (ask, inquire)); sürağ in Pe., same meaning, was prob. borrowed fr. Mong. rather than Turkish. Uyğ. ıx Suci 4-5 (kü:): Xak. xı soruğ ‘calling out for (or inquiring about) a stray animal’ (nišdentı l-della); one says soruğ kıldı: našada l-della Kaš. I 374 (followed, irregularly, by Čalığ, q.v.); o.o. II 184 (2 sortur-): xııı (?) At. soruğ/ soruk ‘question, cross-questioning’ 273: Čağ. xv ff. soruk sormak ma'nesına ‘inquiry’; soruğ küni qiyamat güni ‘the resurrection day’ (quotn.); surağ xabar ‘news’ (quotn.) Vet. 294-5; sarağ (sic) xabar do. 274 (quotn.); surağ tafahhuš wa taftîš ‘investigation, inquiry’; also nišan tva atar wa xabr ‘sign, trace, news’ San. 242r. 8 (quotns.); soruğ/soruk (spelt) (1) pursiš wa suel wa ihtiseb ‘question, questioning, calculating’ (quotns.); ( (2) see sıruk) do. 22; soruğ küni rüz-i pursiš ya'nt rtlz-i qiyamat do. 27 (quotn.): Osin, xıv ff. soru ‘question, inquiry’; c.i.a.p. TIS I 636; II 835; 77/ 635; IV 702. ‘

D sorğu: (suction) N.I. fr. 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb); n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. [text begins] sütdin... yeme [gap] sorğuıı tartar[gap] ‘ (just as?)... from milk and draws off... by sucking it’ (?) Wind. 2-3: Xak. xı sorğu: al-mihcama ‘a cupping-glass’ Kaš. I 425; for example, the word for al-mihcama sorğu: is derived fr. sordi: ‘ (the animal) sucked in (imtakka) (milk or blood)’ 7 16, 4; similar phr. II 69, 29.

VU sarkıč Hap. leg.; thus vocalized, but the Refl. Den. V. is vocalized sorkučlan- and follows the Reli. Den. V. of sorkuč; al-ya'did seems to be corrupt, al-ta’šîr would link this word with the following but its meaning would be obscure. Xak. xı sarkıč al-marûra wahwa nabt min cinsi'l-ya'dld ‘the corn-cockle, a plant of the... family’ Kaš. I 454.

VU sorkıč Hap. leg.; the Refl. Den. V. is vocalized sorkučlan-, Xak. xı sorkıč 'ušera šibği’l-Iukk ‘a thick liquid made of the juice of lac’, used to fasten the handles on the tangs of swords, daggers, and knives Kaš. I 454.

D šarkım Hap. leg.; N.S.A. fr. sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag); lit. ‘a single act of hanging down’. See salkım (pendant (adj.), cold; hoar-frost (иний)). Xak. xı šarkım al-šaqi' ‘hoar-frost’ Kaš. I 485.

?D sarğa:n a kind of plant; perhaps Dev. N./A. (connoting repeated action) fr. 2 sar- (saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari)) in the sense of (a plant) that wraps itself round things. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (by faith the fungi and crocuses growing in valleys and small valleys and) suvlardaki ögenlerdeki sarğan otı yašı yaš 'the foliage of the sarğan plants in the waters and rivers is green’ TT V 28, 123-4: Xak. xı sarğa:n ‘a plant (al-nabt) which grows in saline ground’ (al-sabxa); and the place where it grows (al-manbit) is called sarğa:n ye:r; and a thicket (1al-acnm) in which the reeds have withered is called sarğa:n kamıš Kaš. I 438.

Dis. V. SRĞ-

D soruk- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of 2 so:r- (ask, inquire). Xak. xı yitü:k (MS. yitii.l) sorukti: ‘news was received (wucida xabar) of the stray animal after it had been called oat for (or inquired about, inšedilıe)’ Kaš. II 115 (soruka:r, sorukma:k).

D sarkıt- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag) Caus. f. of sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag); s.i.s.m.l., meaning ‘to pour drop by drop; to hang up, suspend’, and the like. Xak. xı ol to:ndin su:v sarkıttı: ‘he squeezed (qattara) the water out of the garment’ (etc.) Kaš. II 339 (sarkitu:r, sarkitma:k): Kom. xıv sarxit- ‘to drip’ CCG; Gr. (Gr. 214 suggests that this is a mistranslation): Kip. xv šaffe ‘to filter (a liquid)’ (süz-) sarkıt- Tuh. 22b. 13: Osm. xvııı San. 230V. 20 (sark-)..

D sarğar- Den. V., abbreviated, fr. sarığ; ‘to be, or become, yellow’. S.i.a.m.l.g. as sarğar-, sarar-, and the like. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. U I 37, 13 (kırtıš): Civ. H I 172-3 (kağur-): Xak. xı sarğardı: ne:g išfarra'l--šay’ ‘the thing was, or became, yellow’ Kaš. II 187 (sarğaru:r, sarğarma:k); o.o. (of the face) I 69, 11; 486, le: (xiv Muh. išfarra sa:rığ idi: Mel. 22, 13; Rif. 103 is a phr., sa:rığ er-): Čağ. xv ff. sarğar- (-dŋ sarar-Vel. 273; sarğar- (spelt) zard šudan ‘to be, or become, yellow’, in Rumi sarar- San. 23or. 19 (quotns.): Kip. xv (in a para, on Den. V.s) from šan, šarar-/šarğar- Tuh. 83b. 5: Osm. xvııı see Čağ.

D sarkur- Hap’, leg.; Caus. f. of sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag); cf. sarkıt- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag), Xak. xı ol ya:ğnı: ka:bka: sar-kurdi: ‘he let the oil drip (qattara) from the leather container’ (al-ziqq); also used of any liquid when if has been poured (afrağa) from one vessel (wi'a) to another and the residue dripped (qatara) into it Kaš. II 189 (sarkurur, sarkurma:k).

D sarkıš- Hap: leg.; Co-op. f. of sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag), Xak- xı bu:zdın su:v sarkıšdi: ‘the water dripped in large quantities (taqafara... katıra) from the ice’ Kaš. II 214 (sarkıšu:r, sarkıšma:k).

Tris. SRĞ

D saraığuč (wrapped) n.o.a.b.; prob. a metathesis of *saru:ğač, Conc. N. fr. saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari), in the sense of something wrapped round. The word became a l.-w. in Pe., see Steingass, p. 686, sarögucjsareğočjsareğoš, arabicized (sic) form sareqûč, ‘a woman’s hood, cloak, veil, fillet, or head-dress; a camel’s halter’, with the false Pe. etymology sar-eğoš ‘head-embracing’. Xak. xı sara:ğuč ximeru'l-mar'a ‘a woman’s wrap’ Kaš. I 487: Čağ. xv ff. sarağuč 'avratlar bašlarına bağladukları čanbar ‘a handkerchief which women tie round their heads’ Vel. 274; sarağuč ‘a woman’s bag (i.e. hood) and veil’ (kisa wa pûš)\ it is a bag like a long purse (himyan) which they cover with embroidery'; they put one side (taraf) on their heads and the rest of the veil (satr-i digar) they pass beneath their armpits and make into a sash (kamarband); this word is shared w. Pe. San. 230V. 24.

D soruğčı: Hap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. soruğ. Xak. xı soruğčı: nešidu'l-della ‘one who calls out for (or asks for news of) a stray animal’ Kaš. III 242.

D sarığlığ P.N./A. fr. sarığ; s.i.s.m.l. usually as sarılı; ‘having a yellow colour, ornamented with yellow’, and the like. Xak.xi sarığlığ er al-raculu’l-mamrür ‘a man suffering from biliousness’ Kaš. I 496; a.o. 500. 15.

D sarığlık A.N. fr. sarığ; ‘yellowness’. S.i.s.m.l., usually as sanlık. Xak. xı sarığlık šufratu'l-ašye’ ‘yellowness of things’ Kaš. I 503D sirukluk Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. sıruk. Xak. xı sirukluk yığa:č ‘a piece of wood suitable to be made into a tent-pole’ (al-šaqb) Kaš. I 503.

D šarkındı: Intrans./Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. *sarkın-, Refl. f. of sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag). Survives in NC Kır.: SW Tkm. šarkındı ‘residue, dregs’ (and ‘water leaking through a dam’); the word used in this sense in most modem languages is the cognate Dev. N. sarkıt; and SW Osm. sarkıntı ‘robbery, molestation’ (fr. the special meaning of sark- in Osm.). Xak. xı šarkındı: su:v al-qutar mina'1-me' ‘dripping water’ Kaš. I 493

D *sarkinuk crasis of *sarkmyuk Dev. N./A. fr. *salkım- Refl. f. of sark- (overflow, drip, hang limply) (sag); lit. ‘pendulous, hanging down’, hence ‘the paunch’. The Uyğ. f. may be a cognate Dev. N./A. in -ak. Uyğ. xııı ff. Bud. (in a text regarding mystical letters to be placed on various parts of the body;... you should put the 12th letter on the groin; the 13th) sarki-nak (sic) iize urğu ol ‘you should put on the paunch’ (the 14th on the bladder) TT VII 41, 10: Xak. xı sarkıyuk (ye' unvocalized) al-fahit ‘paunch’; bi'l-nün luğa fihi ‘alternative \850\ form sarkinuk’; there are similar alternative forms in Ar. mîzeb'minzeb and mišerjminšer Kaš. III 179.
850

Tris. V. SRĞ-

VUD sorkučla:- so vocalized; Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. sorkıč. Xak. xı ol bičerk sor- kııčla.'tlı: ‘he fastened (šadda) the tang of the knife (etc.) in the handle with thick lac juice’ (bi-'userati'l-lukk) Kaš. III 350 (sorkučla:r, sorkuč1a:ma:k).

VUD sarkıčlan- Hap. leg.; this V. is vocalized sorkučlan- and follows that word; this casts doubt on the vocalization of sarkıč. Xak. xı ye:r sarkıčlandı: (sorkučlandı:) ‘corn-cockles (al-marüra) grew on the ground, and it became full of (dot) corn-cockles’ Kaš. II 271 (sarkıčlanu:r, sarkıčlanmark; MS. sorkučlan-).

VUD sorkučlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of sorkučla:-. Xak. xı biče:k sorkučlandı: ‘the handle of the knife was fixed (šııdda) with thick lac juice’ (hi-ušüra šibğ lukka (n))\ and one says er sorkučlandı: ‘the man came into possession of (šera... ma') thick lac juice’ Kaš. II 271 (sorkučlanu:r, sorkučlanma:k).

D sara:ğučlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. sara:ğuč. Xak. xı ura:ğut sara:ğučlandı: ‘the woman wore a veil’ (taqanna'at... hi'l-miqna'a) Kaš. III 205 (sara:ğučlanu:r, sara:ğučlanma:k).

D sarığla:- (yellow thread embroider) ; Den. X. fr. sarığ. Survives in SW Tkm. sa:rıla- ‘to embroider with yellow thread’. Xak. xı ol to:nın sarığla:dı: ‘he dyed his garment (etc.) yellow’ (šaffara) Kaš. III 336 (sarığla:r, sarığla:ma:k).

Mon. SRG

serk (fragments, осколки (earthenware)) Hap. leg. Xak. xı serk al-xazaf wa me'nkasara minhe ‘earthenware and broken pieces of it’ Kaš. I 353.

VU sürk (cold) Hap. leg. Xak. xı one says amŋ adarkı: sürk bu:z teg ‘his feet are as cold as ice’ (ka'l-camd fî'1-burüda); the word is not used except in this phr. (al-mawdi') Kaš. I 353-

Dis. SRG

D sürüg (herd) Dev. N. fr. sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); Jit. ‘something driven’; usually ‘flock, herd’ in a broad sense, but sometimes specifically ‘a flock’ of sheep, or other small livestock, in antithesis to ögür, ‘a herd’ of larger animals. Survives in these senses in NE Tuv. sürüg: SC Uzb. suru/suruv: NW Kk. süri\v; Kumyk siriv; Nog. sürüv: SW Az., Osm. sürü; Tkm. süri. NC Kır. sürü: is merelv a N.Ac. ‘banishment, expulsion’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 8, 8 (u:d): Man. yunt sürügı ‘a herd of horses’ Wind. 12: Hud. Sanskrit yüthet ‘from the herd’ sürügln-din TT VITI C.5: sürüg ud ‘the oxen of the herd’ PP 65, e: Xak. xı sürüg kul I qati' mimıl-nn'ûm ‘any herd of livestock’ (a generic term for cattle, sheep, camels, etc.); one says bi:r sürüg ko:y ‘one flock of sheep’ Kaš. I 389 (verse, sürüg ögür ko:y tevey ‘flocks (qatV) of sheep and camels’); a.o. III 102, 19 (košul-): KB koy sürüg 5371; a.o. 4353 (erkeč): xıv Rbğ. bir sürüg koy R IV 8le: Čağ. xv ff. sürük (‘with -k’) cami'at ve bölük 'a gathering, crowd’ Vel. 292 (quotns.): sürük (spelt) galin wa ramına ‘flock’ San. 24ar. 28 (same quotn.): Kom. xıv ‘herd’ sürüv CCG\ (Jr. (also ‘soft, thin leather’ siiı ük CCI, and see süvri:): Kip. xııı al-qatl' mina'1-ğanam sürü: Hou. 15, 4: xıv sürü:/sürün (sic) ditto Id. 52 — sü:rük šırt al-saqanqur ‘skink’ Id. 52; ditto sü:rek (sic) šırt Bul. 5, 1 (perhaps a different word).

?F 1 sirke: (vinegar)vinegar’; s.i.a.m.l.g.; the word is also current in Pe. and may well be an Iranian l.-w. Uyğ. xıv Chin.-Uyğ.1 Dict. ‘vinegar’ sirke Ligeti 195; R IV 704: Xak. xı sirke: al-xall ‘vinegar’ Kaš. I 430; o.o. I 209 (iizit-); III 252 (ačı:-): xıv Muh. al-xall sirke: Mel. 66, 7; Rif. 165: Kom. xıv ‘vinegarsirke CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv sirke: al-xall Id. 52: xv ditto Kav. 63, 2; Tuh. 14a. 13.

2 sirke: (louse, nit, he-goat) ‘a nit’; s.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. xı sirke: šu'ebatu'1-ra's ‘a nit on the head’ Kaš. I 430: xıv Muh. al-ši'ben ‘nitssi:rke: Mel. 74, 6; Rtf- 177: Čağ. xv ff. sirke (spelt) ( (1) ‘male mountain goat’ is a Mong. l.-w. serke); (2) ‘a small louse’ (šipiš-i rıza) which appears on the body and clothing; in l’e. rišk ‘nit’ Sav. 251 v. 15: Kip. xııı al-ši’ben sirke: Hou. 12, 3: xıv sirke: (after ‘vinegar’) also used for al-ši'ben (MS. sibyan) Id. 52: xv ši'ben sirke Tuh. 22a. 10: Osm. xvı sirkenit’; in one text TTS IV 965.

D serge:k (swaying, tottering) Hap. leg.: Dev. N./A. (connoting habitual action) fr. 2 *ser- (suck); cf. seril- (fickle, sway). Čağ. xv ff.; Kom. xıv sergek ‘wakeful’ is a Mong. l.-w., a Dev. N./A. fr. serge-. Xak. xı serge:k (MS. sergek, but under the heading fa'lal) al-ihziix wa’I-tanulyul ‘swaying, tottering’ from drunkenness and the like; one says esrük sergekledi: ‘the drunken man swayed’ (tama-yala) Kaš. II 289.

?1' serker (highwayman) Hap. leg.; prob. a l.-w. fr. some Iranian language; there is no obvious origin, but a phonetic resemblance to Ar. saraqa ‘to rob’, of which derivatives occur in Pe. Cf. sekerči: Karluk xı serker qdti'u'l-tariq ‘a highwayman’ Kaš. I 457.

Dis. V. SRG-

D sergür- (halt, standstill) Caus. f. of ser- in its meaning of ‘to be patient, stand still’, and the like; ‘to halt (something), bring it to a standstill’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. TT III 76-7 (eriš-): Bud. Sanskrit anedheraka ‘without holding back’ tutuksu:z se:rgürte:čisiz TT VIII A.4; ınča kaltı čuğ suvığ (so read) turğurup artukrak sergürser ‘just as, if one checks muddy water and brings it to a complete halt.. Suv. 74, 22-3; a.o. U II 69, 5 (ii) (čerig).

Tris. V. SRG-

Ü sergekle:- (sway, totter) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. serge:k (swaying, tottering); ‘to sway, totter’. Xak. xı Kaš. /289 (serge:k); n.m.e.

D?F 1 sirke:le:- (vinegar) Hap. leg.?; Den. V. fr. 1 sirke: (vinegar). Xak. xı ol su:vuğ sirke:le:di: ‘he mixed the water (etc.) with vinegar’ (al-xall) Kaš. III 353 (sirke:le:r, sirke:le:me:k).

D 2 sirke:le:- (louse, nit, he-goat) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 2 sirke: (louse, nit, he-goat). Xak. xı ol oğlan bašın sirke:le:di: ‘he pulled the nits (naza'a'l-ši’ban) from the boy’s head’ Kaš. III 353 (1 slrkerle:- follows).

VUD sürgü:le:- (driving, pursuing) Hap. leg.; the vocalization is uncertain; the word is in a section for Tris. V.s ending in - le:- of which the second vowel is long; the Perf. is spelt sürgi:le:di:, the Aor. and Infin. sürgüle:-] it is fairly obvious that the first is right on the length and the second on the quality of the vowel and that it is a Den. V. fr. *sürgü:, Dev. N. fr. sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed) meaning ‘driving, pursuing’, and the like. Xak. xı it keyikni: sürgü:le:di: 'the dog made the antelope run (a'de... ’l-zaby) and followed in its tracks to catch it’; also used of anyone who ran after something and attacked it in order to catch it Kaš. III 353 (sürgüle:r, sürgüle:me:k).

D sirke:len- (lice, nits) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of 2 sirke:le:- (louse, nit, he-goat); in a section containing V.s of which the second vowel should be long, but not so spelt in the MS. Xak. xı oğlarn sirkelendi: ‘the boy’s head (etc.) had nits’ (ša’iba) Kaš. III 202 (sirkelenü:r, sirkelenme:k).

Dis. V. SRĞ-

sarğ- (ooze, seep, drip (liquids)) (OTD p. 489: SARQ- I сочиться, просачиваться, вытекать каплями (о жидкостях))

Dis. SRL

DF sırlığ P.N./A. fr. 1 sir (color, paint, glaze, silvering, lacquer); ‘lacquered’. S.i.s.m.l. with some phonetic changes with the same shades of meaning as 1 sir. Xak. xı Kaš. I 324 (1 siŋ.

Dis. V. SRL-

D sarıl- Pass. f. of 1 sa:r-; n.o.a.b.; the translation in Kaš., which would be appropriate for 1 sarr- and has no Pass. connotation, is inexplicable, but the word is used as an ordinary Pass. in KB; anldi: is a mere jingle, see 2 aril-. Xak. xı beg aga:r arildi: sarıldı: ‘the beg (etc.) was angry with him’ Kaš. II 123 (sanlur, sanlma:k): KB (if a servant does something which does not please his master) ilenč özke kılğu sarılsa (Arat, serilse) kali ‘he must blame himself, if he is abused (or ill-treated)’ 1610; (a man’s mind is like brittle glass, take great care of it, or it will break, sarma am ‘do not handle it roughly’) sarılsa kiši kögli ketti tatığ ‘if a man’s mind is roughly handled, the savour (of life) has gone’ 4611.

D sarul- (wind, wrap) (sari) Pass. f. of saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari) this V. seems to occur in two consecutive paras, in Kaš.; in the first the Perf. is spelt saruldt:, but the Aor. and Infin. are spelt sarıl-; in the second the Perf. is spelt stnldi: but the Infin. is spelt sarul-; the ! basic meaning is ‘to be wrapped round (some-f thing)’. There is, however, one difficulty about this explanation; in Uyğ. Man. a V. meaning ‘to be attached to (something)’ is clearly spelt šırıl-; this might be a Pass. f. of sin:- as a metaph. application of ‘to be sewn firmly to (something)’, but there is no other trace of such a V.; sinl- in some medieval and modem languages is a Sec. f. of sidnl-, q.v. Sarul- survives as sarıl- in NW Kaz.; SW Az., Osm. and saral- in Tkm. (Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. sırılmıšlarka TT III 53 (il-)): Xak. xı yıšığ yığa:čka: sanıldı: ‘the rope was wrapped round (iltaffa) the tree’; also used of other things (sarulur, sarulma:k; MS. sarıl-); and one says ya:ğ eligke: saruldi: (MS. sirtidi:) ‘the oil stuck to (iltašaqa) the hand’; also used when parts of something have stuck to something else, e.g. flour to felt (sarlur (sic), sarulma:k) Kaš. II 123: xııı (?) Tef. (a fairy (pm) comes and) er byline sarilur ‘embraces the man’s waist’ 262: Osm.xvıı ikinci hišera sarilup 'investing the second fortress’ TTS IV 664.

D 1 seril- (fickle, sway) except perhaps in Uyğ. can hardly be a Pass. f. of 1 ser- (endure) (which is normally Intrans.) and presents some problems. In Kaš. it is clearly cognate to serge:k (swaying, tottering) and the Pass. f. of 2 *ser- (suck). This V., w. the connotation of ‘to be fickle’, may be that in PP 78, 5-6 (see amrak (beloved, dear, friend)) but the right reading there might be sanlur. In SW Az., Osm., Tkm. seril- is the Pass. f. of 3 ser- (spread out, knock down, neglect) with its meaning in those languages, and means ‘to be spread out’ (e.g. to dry). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (when I enter nirvana, my doctrinal teaching called ‘good’ without being extinguished or diminished...) yertinčüde serilip turur ‘will endure (or remain?) on earth’ Suv. 164, 16-17 (cf. Civ.); Sanskrit missing se:rilü TT VIIIF.io; a.o. PP 78, 5-6 (amrak): Civ. in TT VII 1, an astronomical text, the word used for a planet ‘remaining’ in a particular constellation is serer (see ser-), but in 1. 46 it is serilür: Xak. xı er serildi: (translated) tameyala'l--sakren ‘the drunken man swayed’, and almost fell down; also used of anything else that sways and almost falls down Kaš. II 123 (serilür, serilme:k); a.o. / 196 (eril-): KB (when I was angry with you, you yourself blamed me) serildim saga men tügtildi yüziiŋ ‘I relented (lit. swayed) towards you, and you frowned at me’ 795.

D 2 seril- (spread out, knock down, neglect) SW Az., Osm., Tkm. seril- is the Pass. f. of 3 ser- with its meaning in those languages, and means ‘to be spread out’ (e.g. to dry).

D šırıl- See sarul- (wind, wrap) (sari).

D sorul- (so:rul-) (asked, inquired) Pass. f. of 2 so:r- (ask, inquire); ‘to be inquired about, questioned’, and the like. Survives in SW Osm. sorul-, Tkm. so:ral-. In other modern languages sorul- is the Pass. f. of 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb) ‘to be sucked’ and the like, not noted in the early period. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M I 26, 27-8 (1 a:t (name)): (Xak.) xııı (?) At. sorul- ‘to be questioned’: Čağ. xv ff. sorul- (spelt) purstda šudan ‘to be asked, questioned' (and makîda šudan ‘to be sucked’) San. 240 V. 10.
852

Dis. V. SRL-

D sürül-(driven, rubbed, polished, pushed on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed) Pass. f. of sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); s.i.s.m.l. with the same range of meanings as sür-, Xak. xı at sürüleli: ‘the horse was driven’ (stqa)\ and one says er sürüldi: ‘the man (etc.) was driven away’ (or repulsed, turida); and one says mončuk sürüldi: ‘the bead was rubbed’ (or polished, suhiqa); also used when a thing rubs itself (insahaqa bi-nafsihŋ; Intrans. and Pass. Kaš. I1 123 (sürülür, sürülmerk; for the last meaning cf. sürtül- (rubbed, erased)): xııı (?) Tef. sürül-‘to be driven away’ 279: Čağ. xv if. sürül- (‘with -ü-’) ‘to be driven away’; metaph. ‘to be ploughed’ San. 240V. 10.

D sarla:- (wind, wrap) (sari) Hap. leg., but see der. f.s; Den. V. fr. *sar (cognate to saru:- (wind, wrap) (sari), which might be a Den. V. in -u> fr. *sar. Xak. xı ol suvluk sarla:di: ‘he wound (kera) a turban round his head’; and one says <ol> ada:kıŋa: yör-ge:nčü: sarlauh: ‘he wrapped (laffa) a bandage round his leg’; also used of anything wrapped round something Kaš. III 296 (sarla:r, sarla:ma:k).

DF sırla:- (colour, glaze, ornament) Dev. N. fr. sir; s.i.s.m.l., but usually for ‘to colour, glaze’, and the like. Xak. xı aya:kčı: aya:k sirla:di: ‘the cup-maker (al-qašše') smeared viscous paste (i.e. lacquer; lataxa luzûcati'1-ğire') on the cup to ornament it’ (H-yunaqqišaha) Kaš. lif 296 (sırlaır, sırla:ma:k).

D sarlat- (wind, wrap) (sari) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sarla:- (wind, wrap) (sari). Xak. xı ol suvluk šarlattı: ‘he ordered that the turban should be wound round’ (bi--takzviŋ; also of anything else Kaš. II 346 (sarlatu:r, sarlatma:k).

DF sırlat- Caus. f. of sırla:- ; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ol aya:k sırlattı: ‘he ordered that viscous paste (i.e. lacquer) should be smeared on the Turkish (sic) cup’ Kaš. II 346 (sırlatu:r, sirlatma:k).

D sarlan- (wind, wrap) (sari) Refl. f. of sarla:- (wind, wrap) (sari); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı er suvluk šarlandı: ‘the man put on a turban’ (ta'ammama); and one says er yör-ge:nčü: šarlandı: ‘the man wrapped himself (talaffafa) in a bandage’; and one says yip yığa:čka: šarlandı: ‘the cord was wrapped (iltaffa) round the tree’; it is both Active (Rett.) and Pass.; and one says er ı:ška: šarlandı: ista'adda'l-racul li’l-'amal ‘the man made himself ready for work’ Kaš. II 246 (sarlanu:r, sarlanma:k; the last sentence with unvocalized V. follows the Infin. but clearly belongs to the same para.): Osm, xv and xvı sarlan- ‘to be wrapped in (something Dat.)' in several texts TTS II 795; III 600; IV 664.

DF sırlan- Refl. f. of sırla:-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı aya:k sırlandı: ‘the cup was smeared with viscous paste (i.e. lacquer) in order that it might be ornamented’ (li-yunqaš 'alayftŋ Kaš. II 246 (sırlanu:r, sirlanma:k).

D sarlaš- (wind, wrap) (sari) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of sarla:- (wind, wrap) (sari). Xak. xı <ol> maga: suvluk sarlašdi: ‘he helped me to wind (ft takıcîŋ a turban (round my \\\ head).’; also for (helping to) wrap (/j laff) something, and for competing Kaš. II 215 (sar-lašu:r, sarlašma:k).

Dis. SRM

D serim (patience, strainer, endure, hold back) N.S.A. fr. ser-; in its most obvious meaning ‘patience’, der. fr. ser- as an Intrans., attested only by its P.N./A. and Priv. N./A.; in the meaning ‘strainer’, noted only in Kaš., it looks at first sight like a scribal error for *süzim, the obvious word to give such a meaning, but its existence is proved by its Den. V. serme:-, q.v., and der. f.s of that V.; in this sense it must be der. fr. ser- in its rarer, Trans., meaning ‘to endure’, hence ‘to hold back’. Xak. xı serim kull me yuğatte bihi'l-ibriq zva’I-hasrac miua'l-ibrisam zva uah-zvihi li-yušaffe bihi'l-šareb ‘any piece of silk or the like used to cover a jug or mug in order to strain a beverage’ Kaš. I 397.

S sırım See sıdrım.

D sorma: (sucked in) Pass. Dev. N. fr. 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb) ; lit. ‘something sucked in’, in practice ‘wine, beer’. Survives only (?) in SE Salar (see Ligeti, op. cit. below). Cf. bo:r, čağır, süčig. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. (you should make a powder of various substances and) tayda sayu bor sorma birle ičürser ‘give it (to the patient) to drink every morning with a draught of wine (Hend.?)’ III 164: xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. ‘wine’ sorina Ligeti 196; R IV 771: (Xak. ?)xiv Muh. nabidu’l-hinta ‘wheat beer’ sorma: Mel. 63, 7 (only): Xwar. xııı (?) Oğ. (various kinds of foods and) sormalar (MS. sörtneleŋ ‘wines’ Oğ. 93; a.o. do. 10 (aš): Kıp. xıv šorma: al-mizr ‘millet beer’ İd. 57.

D sürme: (driven, pushed) Pass. Dev. N. fr. sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); lit. ‘something driven, pushed’, etc.; not noted before the medieval period, but s.i.m.m.l.g.; the commonest modern meaning is ‘antimony, collyrium’, presumably originally ‘something rubbed (on the eyebrows)’. In this sense it became a l.-w. in Russian as surma and has been reborrowed, with back vowels, in some languages. It also means ‘a sliding door-bolt; a sliding drawer’ in some languages. Xwar. xııı sürme ‘antimony’ 'Ali 55: xıv ditto Qutb 163 : Kip. xııı (under ‘women’s gear’) al-kuhl ‘collyrium’ sürme: Ilou. 18, 5: xıv sürme: al-itmid ditto Id. 52: xv ferihu’l--naccer ‘a carpenter’s plane’ sürme Tuh. 28a. 3; kuhl sürme do. 31a. 10: Osm. xıv and xv sürme ‘collyrium’ in two texts TTS I 657; IV 718.

D sarma:k (wrapped, pack-saddle) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. *sarma:- (wrap, enfold); lit. ‘something wrapped round’; misvocalized sırma:k in the MS. Xak. xı sarma:k bar-da'atıı'l-himer ‘a donkey’s pack-saddle’ Kaš. I 471- ‘ '

D sarma:š (wrap, enfold)Dev. N. (connoting reciprocity) fr. *sarma:- (wrap, enfold); lit. ‘being wrapped in one another’. Survives w. same meaning in SW Osm. Xak. xı sarmaš iltifefu’l-šay’ bil'-šay’ ‘the involvement of one thing in another’; and \\ if (the members of) a tribe have been involved (meca) with one another in rioting (fi fitna) one says sarmaš boldı: Kaš. I 460.
853

Dis. V. SRM-

*sarma:- (wrap, enfold), serme:- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal) Preliminary note. There is n.m.e. for either of these V.s, but in principle Kaš. distinguishes carefully between their der. f.s. Unfortunately the distinction is blurred by scribal errors.

D *sarma:- (wrap, enfold) Den. V. fr. *sarum (wrapping), N.S.A. fr. saru:-(wind, wrap) (sari); ‘to wrap round, enfold’, and the like. See sarma:k, sarma:š, sarmat-, etc.

D serme:- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal) Den. V. fr. serim (patience, strainer, endure, hold back); properly ‘to strain (something out of a liquid)’, but with a much extended meaning in Čağ. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı sermemiš süittin kayak ‘the cream has been skimmed off (šuffiya min) the milk’ Kaš. III 167, 8: Čağ. xv ff. serme- (-di, etc.) sır-, kap-, al- ‘to strip off, snatch, take’ Vel. 285 (quotns.); serme- (spelt) rubüdan ‘to rob, steal’ San. 25or. 29 (quotns.)

D sarmat- (wound) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of *sarma:- (wrap, enfold). Xak. xı ol yıšığnı: yığa:čka: sarmatti: ‘he had the rope wound (alaffa) round the tree’ (etc.) Kaš. II 349 (sarmatu:r, sarmatma:k).

D sermet- (pull out of, remove, strain) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of serme:- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal). Xak. xı ol agar balık sermetti: ‘he urged him to pull the fish out of the water’ ('ala ixrac... mina'1-me’); and one says ol tutma:č sermetti: ‘he urged him to remove Čale an 'azala) the noodles from the water’; also used of anything when one has strained it (šaffehu) out of water Kaš. II 349 (sermetü:r, sermetme:k, corrected fr. ma:k).

D sarmal- (wrap, enfold) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of *sarma:- (wrap, enfold). Xak. xı anıg to:m: bašıga: sarmaldı: ‘his garment was wrapped (iltajfa) round his head’; also used of other things; this V. is Pass. (lazim) Kaš. II 233 (sarmalu:r, sarmalma:k).

D sermel- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal) Pass. f. of serme:- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal) ; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı balık sermeldi: ‘the fish was pulled out (tixrica) of the water’, as if it had been strained (šuffiya) out of the water; and also tutma:č sermeldi: ‘the noodles (etc.) were strained out of the water’ Kaš. II 233 (sermelü:r, sermelme:k; MS. ma:k).

D sarmaš- (wrap, enfold) Co-op. f. of *sarma:- (wrap, enfold); survives in SW Az., Osm. sarmaš- ‘to embrace one another, to intertwine’. Xak. xı ol maga: yıšığ sarmašdı: ‘he helped me to wind (fi laff)a thing like a rope (sic) round a tree’; and one says ı:š sarmašdı: ‘the affair was complicated and confused’ (iltaxxa... wa’xtalata); Trans, and Intrans. Kaš. II 216 (sarmašu:r, sarmašma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sarmaš- (spelt) ‘to envelop (or embrace, pičidan) one another’ San. 230V. 22: Osm. xıv ff. sarmaš- ‘to be wrapped, or wrap oneself, round something’, sometimes metaph.; c.i.a.p. TTS I 60ı; II 795; III 600; IV 664.\\\

D sermeš- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of serme:- (strain, skim off, strip off, snatch, take, rob, steal). Xak. xı ol maga: balık sermešdi: ‘he helped me to pull (/i ixrac) the fish out of the water’; also used for helping to strain (fi tašfiya) noodles out of the cooking-pot, or of any liquid when something of a different nature (laysa min cinsihŋ is removed (uxricat) from it Kaš. II 216 (sermešür, sermešme:k corrected fr. ma:k).

Tris. SRM

D sarmačuk (intertwined) as such Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. *sarma:- (wrap, enfold); lit. ‘intertwined’. It is not clear whether sarmašık (sarmašuk) which survives in SW Az. sarmašığ ‘convolvulus’; Osm. sarmašık ‘intertwined; ivy’ is a Sec. f. of this word, or a Pass. Dev. N. fr. sarmaš-. Xak. xı sarmačuk (only cim vocalized) ‘a kind of noodle’ (itriya); the dough is cut up into small pieces like chick-peas (al-himmiš); invalids, and other such people, take them in small quantities (yahsûhe) Kaš. I 527: (Čağ. xv ff. sarmašık ‘the name of a plant which climbs up trees’, in Ar. 'ašaqa or lablab ‘bindweed, convolvulus’; in Rumi (PU) serigen (? for sangan) San. 23 m 2).

D serimlig (patient) P.N./A. fr. serim (patience, strainer, endure, hold back); ‘patient’; pec. to KB, where it is laudatory. Xak. xı KB serimlig kišiler ‘patient people’ 1310; o.o. 1317, 1867, 2480.

VU?D sarumsak (garlic)garlic, Allium sativum’ original pronunciation uncertain, but prob. sarumsa:k, which is morphologically a Dev. N. fr. a Desid. Den. V. fr. *sarum (wrapping) (cf. *sarma:-), lit. ‘something which desires to wrap round something’, but there is no close semantic connection. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, usually as sarımsak, but SE Türki also samsak: NW Kumyk samursak. Xak. xı sarmusak (sic, but Pread sarumsak) al-tüm ‘garlic’; samursak metathesized alternative form (luğa) Kaš. I 527: xıv Muh. al-tüm sanmsa:k Mel. 78, 3; Rif. 181: Xwar. xıv sarımsak ditto Nahc. 422, n: Kom. xıv ditto sarmisak (preferred to sarımsak by Gr.) CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-tüm (MS. al-füm) sarimsa:k (unvocalized) Hou. 8, le: xıv šarımšak ditto Id. 57; ditto sarımsak Bul. 8, e: xv ditto saramsak (sic) Kav. 64, 13; tüm sırımsak (sic; in margin in SW (?) hand sarımsak) Tuh. 10b. 13.

D serimsiz Priv. N./A. fr. serim (patience, strainer, endure, hold back); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı KB közi suk serimsiz osayuk ‘covetous, impatient, and careless’ 3568.

D sarmašık See sarmačuk (intertwined).

Dis. SRN

saran (miser, miserly) ‘miser, miserly’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SW as saran/sarag with the same meaning except in SE Türki: SC Uzb., where sarag has come to mean ‘mad, crazy, foolish’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. TT III 90 (kıyırğak): Xak. xı (people do not respect or like) saranka: al-baxil ‘a miser’ Kaš. II 250, 3; 854 \854\ n.m.e.: KB saranka tapınma ‘do not enter the service of a miser’ 949; saran bolma ‘do not become a miser' 1402; a.o. 1669.
854

D serinč (patience) Dev. N. fr. serin- (patient); ‘patience’; as such Hap. leg., but see serjnčsiz. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A (then that good spirit made... the words which he had spoken and) [bojdun köŋül[t]e serinčin [. . .Ji ’put (?) paticnce in the minds of the people’ M I 32, 9-11.

F sarnıč ‘water container’, variously defined; also existed in Pe. fr. an early period and is prob. a l.-w. in both, see Dacrfer III 1206. Survives in SW Az., Osm. sarnie ‘cistern’. Xak. xı sarnıč al-'ulha ‘leather milk-pail’ Kaš. I 454: Čağ. xv ff. sarnie ‘cistern’ Zam. 319 (s.v. sa'ülğa).

Dis. V. SRN-

D sarin- ReH. f. of saru:-; survives with the same meaning in SW Az., Osm. sarin-; Tkm. saran-, Cf. sarlan-. Xak. xı er suv-lukın sarındı: ‘the man wound (kntvwara) a turban round his head’; and one says ura:ğut bürünčük sarındı: ‘the woman veiled herself’ (taqanna'at); also used of anyone who has wrapped or wound (iltahafa... wa'ltaffa) something round himself Kaš. II j^i^ (sari-nu:r, sarinma:k): xııı (?) At. (when you are dead, your enemies) uyadıp bürürler sarmğu bözüŋ ‘will feel ashamed and give a shroud to wrap you in’ 432: Xwar. xıv sarin- ‘to wrap round (oneself, etc. Dat.)' Qutb 155: Kip. xıv Iaffa'1-šeš ‘to wind muslin (round oneself)’ šarın- Bul. Sor.: xv taammama ‘to put on a turban’ šaran- (sic) Tuh. 10b. 4.

D serin- (patient) Refl. f. of ser- ‘to be patient’; n.o.a.b. Türkü vııı ff. Man. serinmek blll-gin iiııtürüp ‘causing the mental process of patience to rise’ (from his own limb of thought) M III 16, 7-8 (ı): Uyğ. vııı <T. Hud. Sanskrit titikše ‘patience’ se:rinme:klig (? for -k) TT VIII A35: ağruš serinmekigin ‘your endurance of pain’ U III 21, 4 (ı); serinmek ‘patience’ as one of the Buddhist virtues is fairly common, see Hüen-ts. Brie/e, p. 39, note 2099; $m\ 207, 18; 208, 1; 225, 21; 229, 9 etc.: Xak. xı er ı:ška: serindi: šabbara'l--racut uafsahu ‘the man forced himself to be patient’, among a crowd of people who found tasks which they wanted him to do Kaš. II 151 (serinü:r, serinme:k; MS. in error -ma:k, mistranslated by Atalay); seringil asbir ‘be patient’ III 233, 15: KB serin- ‘to be patient’ is very common; (do not go into anything in a hurry) šabir kıl serin ‘be patient (Fiend.)’ 587; serin 1107, 1310 (bok-), etc.; seringil 1322, 6289, etc.; (he said) serneyin ‘I will be patient’ 558; a.o.o.: xıv Muh. al-sahr serinmek (mis-spelt sırınmak) Mel. 37, 14; seri:nmek; Rif. 124 šabara seri:n- 111 (27, 15 šabr et-); al-ihtimel ‘to bear patiently’ seri.-nmek (mak) 123 (only).

D sürün- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed) Refl. f. of sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); s.i.s.m.l. w. similar meanings, and see sürč- (stumble), Xak. xı kiši: ö:z süründi: ‘the man rubbed (or scratched, \\\ hakka) his own body’; also used of anything hard when it has been rubbed (or polished, insahaqa) Kaš. II 151 (sürünü:r, sürünmek): xııı (?) Tef. süren- (sic ?) 'to be dragged off’ (to hell) 279.
1 sürün- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed)
2 sürün-  (rub, scratch)
3 sürün-  (süren-) (dragged off)

D süren- (dragged off) (sic ?) xııı (?) Tef. 'to be dragged off’ (to hell) 279. Refl. f. of sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed)

Tris. SRN

S sarınčka: See sarıčğa:. (locust)

S sırınčğa See sırıčğa: (glass).

D serinčsiz Hap. leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. serinč; ‘unbearable, intolerable’ (suffering). Uyğ. vııı ff. lkid. U II 32, 61-2 (ončsuz).

D süründi: (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. sürün- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı süründi: er ‘a man who is driven out (al-matriid) of any place’ Kaš. I449: KB yarindi ajunuğ süründike kod ‘leave (this) hateful world to the outcast’ 5327: xıv Mith. (l) tuflu'1-šay’ ‘the dregs of anything’ sü:ründe: Rif. 190 (only; dubious).

D saranlik Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. saran. Xak. xı saranlik al-huxl ‘miserliness, meanness’ Kaš. I 504 (verse).

Tris. V. SRN-

D saranla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. saran; mentioned only as an example of this meaning of a Den. V. in -la:-. Xak. xı ol am: saran-la:di: ‘he reckoned that he was a miser (baxtl) and ascribed miserliness (al-buxl) to him’ Kaš. HI 345, 20; n.m.e.

PUD sürŋü:le:- (slip) Hap. leg.; the Infin. is -ma:k corrected to -me:k; spelt sriŋü:le: in the MS. but in the same section as kalŋu:la:- and salŋu:la:-; there is no semantic connection with ser-, but a clear connection w. sürün- (see sürč- (stumble)), so prob. Den. V. fr. *sürŋü abbreviated Dev. N. fr. sürün-, Xak. xı er sürŋü:le:di: ‘the man slipped (tnzallaqa) on the ice’ (etc.) Koš. III 409 (sürŋü:le:r, sürŋü:le:me:k; see above).

Mon. V. SRS-

?E sars- See sarsi:-.

Dis. SRS

D sarsığ (rough, harsh) Dev. N./A. fr. sarsi:-rough, harsh', lit. and metaph.; n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sarsığ köyüllüg ‘hard-hearted’ U IV 38, 12s; o.o. TT VI 66 (VIII 0.9) (kadiŋ; U II 76, 6 etc. (2 İrig); U III 24. 3 (tidil-): Xak. xı sarsığ sö:z ‘a harsh (al-xašin) word’; also used for a harsh affair (al-amŋ and a harsh thing (al-šay') Kaš. I 464.

VU?F sarsa:l (weasel) Hap. leg.; ?a l.-w.; there is no widely distributed Turkish word for ‘weasel’. Xak. xı sarsa:l al-dalaq ‘weasel’, it is a small animal like the sable (al-sammüŋ Kaš. 7483.

Dis. V. SRS-

PU?D sarsi:- (harsh, rough, shaken, quiver, quake) ‘to be harsh, rough’, and the like; ‘to use harsh language’. N.o.a.b.; the surviving occurrences could be taken fr. sars- or \\ sarsi:-, but there is a dear semantic connection w. 1 8a:r- (see esp. sarsit-) and it is therefore best explained as a Simulative f. of 1 sa:r-. There is no obvious semantic connection w. SW Az. sarsi-; Osm., Tkm., sars- ‘to sway, totter, shake; to be embarrassed’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. bu muntağ *[rle] ®fars,SJ savın 80[geJ sarsa ‘cursing and speaking harshly with these rough, harsh words’ TM IV 252, 17-18; a.o. Suv. 136, 9-10 (tota:-): (Xak.) xııı (ŋ Tef. al-rihu’l--'ešifa ‘a violent gale’ yel katığsığlı sarsığlı 262: (Čağ. xv İT. sarsa- (spelt) takenida šudan wa larzidan wa cumbidan zamin wa ğayr-i etı ‘to be shaken; to quiver; (of the earth or something else) to quake’, in Rumi sarsi- San. 230V. 8: Osm. xvııı sarsi- (spelt) Rumi form of sarsa- do. 18).
855

D sürse:- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed) Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed). Xak. xı ol atığ sürse:di: ‘he wished to drive (mîüč) the horse’ (etc.) Kaš. III 284 (sürse:r, sürse:me:k; MS. everywhere sürise:-).

D sarsit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sarsi:-; for the translation cf. 1 sa:r-. Xak. xı ol am: sarsitti: 'annafahu wa ğallaza 'alayhi ‘he ill-used him and treated him harshly’ Kaš. II 336 (sarsitu:r, sarsitma:k): (KB see sasıt-).

Dis. SRŠ

D soruš Hap. leg.; perhaps best explained as a Dev. N. fr. 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb), in the sense of‘something sucked’. Cf. sorušla:-. Xak. xı soruš‘wheat (al-hinta) roasted in the ear before the grains have become hard, and then detached (from the ear) and eaten’ Kaš. I 368.

Dis. V. SRŠ-

D saruš- Co-op. f. of saru:-; apparently originally vocalized saruš-, later changed to sarıš- in the MS.; survives in NW Kaz. sarıš-R IV 325 (only?). Xak. xı ol maija: suvluk sarušdı: ‘he helped me to wind (fi kazvŋ the turban (round my head)’; also (for helping) to wrap (/f laff) anything, and for competing Kaš. II 96 (sarušu:r, sarušmatk): Osm. xvı sarıš- (of dragons) ‘to intertwine’ TTS II 795.

D sırıš- (sew, quilt, smock’ (a garment)) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 2 sırı:- (sew, quilt, smock’ (a garment)). Xak. xı ki:z ana:siga: kidiz sırıšdı: ‘the daughter helped her mother to sew the felt extremely firmly’ (fi xiyata... muqarmifa bi-muğelaba) in the same way that the coverings (ağšiya) of Türkmen tents, saddle-cloths (al-walaya), etc. are sewn Kaš. II 96 (sırıšu:r, sırıšma:k).

D sorıš- (so:rıš-) Co-op. f. of 1 so:r- (suck) (absorb); n.o.a.b.; but the Co-op. f. of 2 so:r- (ask, inquire) s.i.s.m.l., in SW Tkm. so:raš-. Xak. xı to:n te:rig sorušdı: (sic) ‘the various parts of the garment (acza'u'l-tawb) absorbed (naššafa) the perspiration’; and one says anil) yti:zi: sonšdı: ‘his face wrinkled up’ (or frowned, kalaha) Kaš. II 96 (after the first sentence sorušu:r, sorušmak and after the second sorıšu:r, so-rıš ma:k; the difference prob. fortuitous): \\\ Čağ. xv ff. soruš- (pursidan ‘to ask’ and) makidan ‘to suck’ San. 240V. 12: Osm. xıv to xvııı soruš- ‘to suck one another’ (in a kiss); ‘to absorb’ (a liquid); in four texts TTS I 637; //883S.

D sürüš- (drive out, pull, drag) Recip. f. of sür- (push on, head, persist, plough, copulate, spend (time), proceed); s.i.s.m.l., usually for ‘to drive one another out’. Xak. xı adğır kısra:k birle: sürüšdi: ‘the stallion” bit (sanna) the mare’, that is when he wished to cover her (yanzü 'alayhe); and one says ol meniŋ birle: sürüšdi: teradani 'he drove me back’ (and I him); and one says ol anda: (? read andın) alımın sürüšdi: ‘he exacted (taqdda) his debt from him’ (’alayhŋ Kaš. II 96 (sürüšü:r, sürüšme:k): Čağ. xv ff. sürüš- (‘with -ü-’) muncarr šudan ‘to be pulled, or dragged’ (sic) San. 240V. 12.

Tris. V. SRŠ-

D sorušla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. soruš. Xak. xı ol tarığ sorušla:dı: ‘he roasted the ears of wheat (šawe sunbula'l-barŋ to eat them’ Kaš. III 335 (sorušla:r, sorušla:ma:k).

Mon. V. SS-

sus- See susğa:k (ladle, scoop).

süs- (butt, abut, thrust) basically (of an animal) ‘to butt’, with some extended meanings. S.i.a.m.l.g., w. some minor phonetic changes; exceptionally in SE Türki ÜS-/Ü8Ü-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. PP 17, 5 (sin-): Xak. xı u:d süsdi: ‘the ox (etc.) butted’ (nataha) Kaš. II 293 (süseır, süsme:k); a.o. III 364, 15: Kip. xv nataha süs- Tuh. 37b. 2: Osm. xıv ff. süs- ‘to butt’; in several texts TTS I 658; II 858; IV 719: xvııı süs- in Rumi, (1) šex zadan ‘to butt’, in Ar. munetahat; ( (2) sökit šudan ‘to be silent’; error for sus-, same meaning, a modern V. pec. to SW Az., Osm.) San. 243V. 23.

Dis. V. SSA-

sasi:- (stink) ‘to be malodorous, to stink’; s.i.a.m.l.g. Cf. yıdı:- (smell, stink). Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. [gap] sasip turur ‘stinks’ U II 24, 8; a.o. U III 25, 6 (toğral-); in TT VI 445 some MSS. read yidiyur sasiyur for yıdığ sasığ bolup. Xak. xı sasi:di: (MS. sastdt:) ne:g ‘the thing stank’ (natuna) Kaš. III 265 (sasi:r, sasi:ma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sası- gandidan wa muta-'affin šudan ‘to stink’ San. 23 ir. 13: Xwar. xıv šašı- ditto Qutb 155; sası- Nahc. 389, 11: Kom. ditto CCI, CCG; Gr. 215 (quotns.): Kip. xv natuna wa uriiha (ditto) sası- Tuh. 37a. 11; a.o. 84a. i (sasığ).

Dis. V. SSD-

D sasıt- (stink) Caus. f. of sası:- (stink); s.i.a.m.l.g. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (when death, the enemy, comes) tolp etözin yıdıtıp sasıtıp ‘it makes all his body stink (Hend.)’ TT X 547: (Xak. xı KB sevindi tedükte sasıtur söger ‘when you say “he is pleased”, he uses harsh language and curses’ 4756; the Hend. w. 80g- makes it clear that sasıt- is here an abbreviation, metrigratia, \\ of sarsit-): Čağ. \v ff. sasıt- Caus. f., gandentdan iva muta'affin kardan ‘to cause to stink’ San. 23ir. 14: Xwar. xıv šašıt- ditto Qutb 155.
856

D süstür- (butt, abut, thrust) Caus. f. of süs- (butt, abut, thrust); s.i.s.m.l. w. minor phonetic changes, e.g. SC Uzb. süzdir-, Xak. xı ol koč süstürdi: ‘he egged on the ram to butt until it butted (thrusted)’ Čale'l-niteh hatte tane-taha) Kaš. II 184 (süstürür, süstürme:k).

Dis. SSG

D sasığ (stench, stinking) N./A.S. fr. sası:- (stink); ‘stinking, malodorous’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. minor phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. etözi yıdığ sasığ bolup ’his body becomes stinking (Hend.)’ TT VI 445 (and see sası:-): Xak. xı Kaš. I372 (burığ); tı.m.e. : Čağ. xv ff. sasığ yaramaz reyiha ‘an unpleasant smell’ Vel. 274; sasığ gandida 1ca muta'affin ‘stinking’ San. 23ir. 15: Xwar. xıv sasığstink; stinking’ Nahc. 347, 1; 422, 7: Kom. xıv ‘stinkingsası CCG-, Gr.: Kıp. xıv šašı: šinnatu l-baıvl ‘the stench of urine’; one says šašı: yıyır yafûhu l-šunen ‘it diffuses a foul smell’ td. 58: xv (among Dev. N.s) ‘from šašı-, šašığ’ Tuh. 84a. 1.

?F sasik (earthenware) Hap. leg.; no doubt a l.-w. Uč xı sasikearthenware’ (al-hasaf) In"‘the"'language of Uč and its vicinity (me ıcelehe) Kaš. /3S2. '

YU ?D susık (bucket) Hap. leg.; ‘bucket’; the vocalization seems to have been added later; it should prob. be taken as a Sec. f. of susga:k and spelt susak. Xak. (?) xı susık al-dalw fi luğa sami'tuhe ‘bucket’, I heard it in a dialect Kaš. I 382.

D susğa:k (ladle, scoop) ‘ladle, scoop’ and the like; Dev. N. in -ğa:k (normally connoting repeated action) fr. sus- ‘to scoop up', which is not noted in the carlv period but survives in NE Alt., Šor, 'Pel. (RIV 871), Khak. sus -: SE Türki us- (cf. süs- (butt, abut, thrust)): NC Kır. suz-. Survives only (?) in NE Rar. suskak R IV 784; other languages use susğu or the like in this sense. Karluk, Kip., and all the nomads (ahht'l-wabar) xı susğa:k kulI me yuğraf bihi'l-me' zca ğayruhe ‘anything used to scoop up water (etc.)’ Kaš. I 470: Čağ. xv ff. susak (spelt) čumča wa mil’aqa ‘a spoon or ladle’, used to stir a cooking-pot San. 243 V. 24.

Dis. SSG

D süsgün (something butted) Pass. Dev. N. fr. süs- (butt, abut, thrust); lit. ‘something butted’ or the like. N.o.a.b.; clearly an anatomical term, possibly ‘backside, rump’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. in TT VII 19 listing the part of the body in which the soul is in each day of the month süsgün (1. 12) comes between yan ‘the side’ and töpü ‘the top of the head’; in a similar list in do. 25, 4 (tutuš-) it is linked with arka ‘back’ between ‘waist and armpits’ and ‘legs’; in another text, do. 41, 26-7 süsgün oğurğasımlm üner ‘it emerges from the base (?) of the spinal column’.

Dis. V. SSG-

D süsgir- (butt, abut, thrust) Hap. leg.; Inchoative f. of süs- (butt, abut, thrust), Xak. xı sığır erig süsgirdi: ‘the ox threatened to butt (hanıma... an yanfnh) the man’ Kaš. II 189 (süsgire:r, siisğlrme:k).

Dis. V. SSN-

VU?D sesin- Hap. leg. ; the second sin carries both fatha and kasra in the MS., the second obviously right. It conies between se:zin- and süsün-, which excludes the possibility that the second -s- should be -š-, but in its second meaning it seems to be a Sec. f. of *sešin- ; there is no obvious etymology for the first meaning. Xak. xı er kulın urğa:lı: sesindi: ‘the man threatened (hanıma) to beat his slave, and advanced on him and came to blows’ (qasada ilayhi iva'dt araba)4, also used of a horse when it has almost got free of its hnJter (jw«-falit mina'I-wataq Kaš. II 152 (sesinü:r, sesinme:k).

D süsün- (butt, abut, thrust) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of süs- (butt, abut, thrust), Xak. xı er bašın ta:mka: süsündi: ‘the man pretended to beat (yadrib) his head against a wall’ (etc.) Kaš. II 152 (süsünu:r, süsünme:k).

Dis. V. SSŠ-

D siisüš- (butt, abut, thrust) Recip. f. of süs- (butt, abut, thrust); s.i.m.m.l.g. w. the same phonetic changes. Xak. xı ikki: kočrja:r süsüšdi: ‘the two rams butted one another’ (tanetahat) Kaš. II 101 (süsüšü:r, süsüšme:k): Osm. xıv ff. süsüš- lit. (of animals) ‘to butt one another’; metaph. (of armies) ‘to clash’; in several texts TTS I 658; II 858; IV 720.

Mon. SŠ

Preliminary note. The combination of s and š was very unstable in Turkish and did not survive for long; occasionally the š became s (see sesin-), but usually the s became š, and in sortie modern languages one or both the šs have become čs.

sa:š (tame “shash”) survives only (?) in NE Mad. šaš (of a horse) ‘wild, unbroken’ R IV 974. The homo-phonous V. šaš- (*sa:š-), ‘to be astonished, startled’, and the like, is first noted in Xwar. xıı (?) Oğ. 280 and s.i.s.m.l.; it must not be confused with šaš- as a Sec. f. of sač- (scatter, sprinkle, drip, drop, throw away, sow). Xak. xı sa:š at al -faraštı' l-rumûhu (MS. rümû) 'l-nafur ‘a horse which is given to kicking and shying’ Kaš. III 152.

se:š (surety) ‘a surety’; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı (after 2 sı:š (swelling, boil)) se:š (bi'1-imela ‘with-e:-’) al-damen ‘a surety’; hence one says men arjar se:š be:rdim addavtu damenahn ‘I gave a surety for him’ Kaš.'III 12e: Kli šeš 295 (beril-).

1 sı:š (like in shish-kebab “bit roast (meat)”, horseshoe nail) ‘a spit, fork, spike’, and the like. The vowel was ı in Xak. and is now everywhere ı, the date of the change is uncertain. S.i.a.m.l.g. (except SE, SC where it has been displaced by Pe. six) w. wide phonetic changes (s-/š-/č-, -s/-š/-č); SW Tkm. či:š. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. \857\ sıšların bulupan ‘finding their spikes’ M III 29, 12 (i) (see sıšlığ): Bud. PP 57, 8 (kamıš); 65, 8: Xak. xı sı:š minzem tutmec ‘a fork for (eating) noodles’ Kaš. III 125; sıš ‘a spit’ (al-suffid), and ‘a fork for (eating) noodles’ is called sıš I 331; šiš (sic) ‘a fork for eating noodles’ II 282; o.o. sıške: II 15 (tev- (impale)); sr.ška: II 174 (taktur-): xrv Muh. al-six ‘a spit’ šı:š Mrl. 69, 1; Rif. 169: Čağ. xv ff. šiš (1) six (quotn.); (2) metaph. ‘small nails used to fasten horseshoes’ (quotn.) San. zbor. 25: Kip. xııı al-six šı:š Hou. 17, le: xıv šiš ditto Id. 54: xv ditto Tuh. 19b. 6 — šiš börek ‘pieccs (qita') of dough which are cooked’ Id. 55; a.o. td. 30; Bul. 8, 12 (bürük).
857

Dis. V. SŠL-

2 sı:š (swelling, boil) ‘swelling, boil’, and the like; survives in NE Khak. sis: (SE Türki Iššik: NC Kır. šišik; Kzx. isik): NW Kk. is; Kaz. šeš; (Nog. sisik; Kumyk šišik): SW Az., Osm. šiš; Tkm. či:š. The longer forms are prob. Dev. N.s fr. sıš-, q.v., with which this word is homophonous. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. TM IV 253. 56 (siivri:): Civ. sıška: ya:ra:šur ‘it is beneficial for the swelling’ TT VIII M.27; a.o. do. 33; sıšı ağrığı keter ‘the swelling and pain disappear’ II I 121; a.o. II 26, 82: Xak. xı sı:š al-war am ‘a swelling’ Kaš. III 125 ; a.o. III 184 (2 ko:k-): Čağ. xv ff. šiš ...  (3) ivaram San. 26or. 25: Kip. xıv šiš al-waram Id. 55; Bul. 10, 3.

Mon. V. SŠ-

*sa:š- See sa:š.

seš- (untie, loosen) ‘to loosen, untie’, and the like. More or less syn. w. čöj- (untie, loosen), q.v. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SW (where čöj- survives as čöz-), usually as čeč-, less often šeš- or some other form. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. bağın sešip ‘undoing their fastenings’ UII 76, 2: Xak. xı er attın kišen sešdi: 'the man unfastened (halla) the hobble from the horse’; also used for anything which you have unfastened from its fastenings (witaqihŋ Kaš. II 13 (seše:r, sešme:k); er tügü:n šešdi: (j/'c) ‘the man unfastened the knot’; also used when he unfastened a horse or something else from a fastening II 293 (šeše:r, šešme:k): xııı (?) Tef. češ- (sic) ‘to unfasten’ 358: xıv Muh. halla šeš- Mel. 25, 9; Rif 108; al-hall se:šmek (MS. mak) 34, 10; šešmek (ditto) 119: Čağ. xv ff. yeš- (sic) kušüdan band u girih ‘to undo a fastening or knot’ San. 349V. 11 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı češ-/šeš- ‘to undo’ 'Ali 51, 52: xıv šeš- ditto Qutb 16e: Kom. xıv ditto PU seš- CCI', Gr.: Kip. xııı halla šeš- Hou. 39, 12: xıv ditto td. 55: xv ditto Kav. 9, 9; 77, 9; Tuh. 13b. 2 (in 32a. 9 šeš- is a Sec. f. of seč- (choose, select, pick out, peck, клевать)).

sı:š- (swell) ‘to swell’; homophonous w. 2 sı:š (swelling, boil), and like it originally w. -1-, later w. -i-. S.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes; SW Tkm. či:š-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. Wind. 21-2 (ürül-): Bud. (this sütra) kögüzlüg kölinte sıšmıš ‘swelled in the lake in (the Buddha’s) breast’ (and gushed out by way of his mouth) USp. 103a. 31: Civ. HI 119, etc. (emig); II 26, 82:  \\\ (Xak.) xııı (?) Tef. VU šiš- ‘to swell’ 364: (xiv Muh. al-manfüx ‘swollen’ ši:šü:k Mel. 64, 10; si:šü:k Rif. 163): Čağ. xv ff. siš-tearam kardan ‘to swell’ San. 26or. 5: Kom. xıv ‘to swell’ PU šiš- CCI; Gr.: Kip. xıv šiš- warima ‘to swell’ Id. 55; al-nafxa ‘a swelling’ šišmek Bul. 10, 3; intafaxa šiš- do. 33r.; tvarima šiš- do. 88r.: xv ditto Kav. 9, 9; Tuh. 38b. 9; o.o. do. 84a. 10; 90a. 10.

Dis. V. SŠA-

D sešü:- Hap. leg.; morphologically explicable only as a Den. V. in -ü:- fr. *seš, a N. homophonous w. seš- (untie, loosen), Xak. xı tügü:n sešü:di: ‘the knot weakened (rcahanat) until it almost came untied’ (kedati'l-inhilal) Kaš. III 267 (sešü:r, sešü:me:k). ’

Dis. SŠD

D sešüt See šešüt.

Dis. V. SŠD-

?E saštur- See seštür-.

D seštür- (untie, loosen) Caus. f. of seš- (untie, loosen); ‘to have (something) unfastened’ and the like. S.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. Kaš. has two paras.; in the second the Infin. is -ma:k and the sin carries both fatha and kasra but semantically the second is clearly the Caus. f. of seš- used metaph. Xak. xı ol tügü:n seštürdi: ahalla'l- uqda ‘he had the knot (etc.) untied’ (seštürür, seštürme:k); and one says ol alım berim birle: seštürdi: translated awqa'a'l-muqassa bi’l-daym’lladi lahu ma'a'l--dayni'lladi 'alayhi fa-taraka hede lahu tea deka li-hede ‘he arranged a set-off between the debts due to and from him, so that they were respectively released to him and the other party’ (seštürür, seštürme.'k; MS. ma:k) Kaš. 7/184; ol tügü:n šeštürdi: same translation; alternative form of seštür- (luğafVl-sin); examples of s for y in Ar. l.-w.s fr. Pe. and vice versa follow II 187 (no Aor. or Infin.).

Dis. SŠG

D sešük Hap. leg.?; Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. seš- (untie, loosen); ‘unfastened’ and the like. Xak. xı anything released from its fastenings (India min ivataqihŋ is called sešük; one says sešük at ‘a horse set free (mutlaq) from its fastenings’ Kaš. I 390.

Dis. SŠL

D sıšlığ P.N./A. fr. 1 sı:š (like in shish-kebab “bit roast (meat)”, spit, fork, spike); survives in SW Osm. šišli (of a stick) ‘with a spike on the end’. The only early passage is in a much damaged text, meaning conjectural. Uyğ. vıii ff. Man. (if he does not make a dwelling for the homeless arhat Elect) sıšlığ oprı ičinte olğurtur ‘he seats them in a hole with spikes in it’ M III 29, 10-11 (i).

Dis. V. SŠL-

D sešü- (unfastened, separated) Pass. f. of seš- (untie, loosen); ‘to be unfastened’ and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SE w. the same \858\ phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. bağ čuğ yok kim yörülmegülük šešllmegülük (,«'c, the MS. is win) ‘there are no wrappings and bonds which must not be unwrapped or unfastened’ Stiv. 165, 21-2: Xak. xı tügU:n sešildi: ‘the knot came untied’ (inhalla), also used when it was untied (hulla); Intrans. and Pass. Kaš. II124 (sešilür, sešilme:k); kočga:r teke: sešüdi: ‘the rams and he-goats have been separated’ (tafarraqa) (i.e. from the ewes and nanny-goats) III 102, 18; o.o. / 524, 1; 525, 20: Xwar. xıv šešil- ‘to be untied; to be loose’ Qutb 166; Nahc. 226, e: Kip. xıv inhalla šešil- Bul. 33r.
858

Dis. V. SŠL-

D sišıl- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. (Intrans.) of sı:š-; irregular since sı:š- itself is Intrans. Xak. xı bıšığ tarığ sıšıldı: 'the boiled wheat swelled’ (intafaxat) until there was hardly room (daqa makenuhe) for it in the pot; also used of anything the parts of which have been squeezed because of swelling (minal-intifdx) until there is hardly room for them Kaš. II 124 (sıšılur, sıšılma:k).

D sıšlat- Caus. Den. V. fr. 2 sı:š (swelling, boil); ‘to make (something Acc.) swell’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. TT VII 24, 21-2 (1 sı:n); 25, 2 (ko:l).

D sešlin- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of sešil-; lit. ‘to get free by one's own efforts’. Xak. xı at sešlindi: ‘the horse got free (intalaqa) from its fastenings’ (etc.) Kaš. II 247 (sešlinü:r, sešlinme:k).

Dis. V. SŠN-

D *sešin- See sesin-.

Dis. V. SŠR-

D sešür- (untie, loosen) Caus. f. of seš- (untie, loosen); lit. ‘to cause to be unfastened’; in practice it seems to be used only for ‘to cause a gap’ in a series of identical things. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (distinguishing thus between the differences of the (two-monthly periods in) the series (kezig), one must give the (appropriate) remedies) sešürmedin kezigin ‘without causing a gap in the series’ Suv. 590, 7; a.o. do. 23: Civ. (I will pay) ay sayu sešürmedin [gap] ‘every month without leaving a gap’ USp. 67, 3 (the more usual word in this context when a single payment and not a series is promised is kečür-medin ‘without delay, promptly’): Xak. xı ol yinčihni: čaš birle: sešürdi: ‘he separated ( fašala baytı) the pearls and the turquoises (or other jewels) in a necklace’ (/f tıazttı) Kaš. II79 (sešürür, sešürme:k; MS. -tna:k): KB sözüg sözke tizdim sešürdim ura (? read ara) ‘1 strung word to word and spaced them out’ 6616. I

Mon. SY

1 sa:y (šay) (stony (desert), dry riverbed, shoal, shallow,fording) originally ‘an area of (level) ground covered with stones; stony desert’; s.i.s a usually w. as ‘a dry-stony riverbed; a river or stream with intermittent flow of water; a shoal or shallow, in a river or the \\\ sea’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. TT VII 42, 8 (bd:l): Xak. xı sa:y al-harra 'ground covered with loose stones’ Kaš. III 158: KB (if a man does not bring a pearl up out of the sea) kerek yinčü bolsun kerek say tašı ‘it may just as well be a pebble as a pearl’ 212: Čağ. xv ff. say ‘a river (dere) that flows in the winter and is dry in the summer’ Vel. 283 (quotns.); say  (2) ‘a river which is dry in the summer and flows in the winter’, and ‘a river with little water in it’ (rild-i hattı eb) San. 23^r. 12 (quotns.): Kom. xıv sayshallow’ CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv šay al-ma dûn qamati'l-xayl ‘water not too deep for a horse to walk through (fording)’ id. 61; similar translation but al-rtiaxada ‘ford’ instead of al-ma šay Bul. 4, le: xv raqraq ‘shallow wateršay šu Tuh. 16b. rr.

?F 2 sa:y (breastplate; plate amour) prob, a l.-w., perhaps Chinese; pec. to Kaš. Xak. xı sa:y yarık al-cau'šan ‘a breastplate; plate armour’ Kaš. III 158; a.o. III r 5 (yarık).

SF suy (sin) See tsuy (sin) .

Mon. V. SY-

S say- See sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think).

soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter) originally specifically ‘to skin’ (an animal); thence more generally also ‘to peel (a fruit); to strip (an individual); to rob’, and even, in some languages, ‘to slaughter’ (an animal). S.i.a.m.l.g.; SW Tkm. soy-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. PP 3, 3 (teri:); U III 52, 9 (ditto): Xak. xı er ko:yuğ soydı: 'the man flayed (salaxa... did) the sheep’ (etc.) Kaš. III 244 (soya:r, soymark; prov.): (xiv Muh. see soyul-): Čağ. xv ff. soy- (spelt) ‘to strip off (kandan) clothes or skin’, in Ar. xala'a and salaxa San. 248V. 8 (quotn.): Xwar. xııı soy-‘to strip off’ 'AH 2e: XIV ditto Qutb 158; Nahc. 421, 10: Kip. xııı salaxa šoy- IIou. 34, 4: xıv salaxa ıva qašara (‘to peel’) šoy- Bul. 48r.: xv salaxa wa 'arre (‘to denude, undress’) šo:y-Kav. 75, 4; Tuh. 20a. 7: Osm. xıv soy- ‘to flay’; in one text TTS II 838.

sö:y- (say, speak) [Gadjieva N.Z, Koklyanova A.A., 1961, Verbs of speech p. 350]

Dis. SYA

D sayu: (counting, every, all, time, occasion, number,) Der. fr. sa:- (think, reckon, count, desire, worry) (think); lit. ‘counting’, in practice ‘every’, but unlike other words meaning ‘every’, it retains its character as a Ger. and follows the word which it qualifies. Survives in such phr. as cil sayevery year’ in NE Šor R IV 220 and Khak. and as sayın in other NE languages R IV 225: NC Kır., Kzx.: SC Uzb. Türkü vııı yer sayu: bardığ ‘you went to every country’ I S 9, II N 7; bodum:n sayu: it(t)imtz ‘we sent (envoys?) to all their peoples’ T 42: vııı ff. Man. ay teŋri künin sayuevery day in the month’ Chuas. 261-2; kün sayu do' 293; o.o. do. 333-4: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. yükünmiš sayu ‘every time that he worships’ TT III 5; ol yaruk örtüg sayu ‘every time that that light is obscured’ M III 7, 5-6 (iv): Bud. sayu is common, e.g. ol lmxwa sayu ‘every one of those lotuses’ (Chinese l.-w.) PP 38, 3; v».o. do. 38, 6; U II 34, 15; 45, 52 etc.: Civ. sayu is common, e.g. \859\ olurtuk sayu orun yurt ‘every place and camping site where you reside’ TT I 120; o.o. in H I, TT VII, USp., etc.: Xak. xı KB (if he is awake like the owl) tünle sayu ‘every night’ 2314: Čağ. xv ff. sayı a word that is meaningless unless attached to another word, e.g. alğan sayı alğtnča ‘whenever one takes’ Vel. 283 (quotns.); say (1) waqt wa hangem ‘time, occasion’ (same quotn.) ... (3) hiseb wa šumera ‘number, counting’ (quotns. including har tügl sayu ‘every hair of my head’) Sart. 238r. 12; sayu (spelt) hiseb wa šumera (quotn. containing har gul sayu ‘every rose’) do. 27 (both words really mean ‘every’).
859

Dis. V. SYB-

saypa:- (squander) ‘to squander’; n.o.a.b,, but see sayka-. Xak. xı ol tawa:rin saypa:di: ‘he squandered (baddara) his property, and spent (asrafa) it on anything’ Kaš. III 3io (saypa:r, saypa:ma:k): Čağ. xv ff. sayfa- (spelt)/ saypa- (‘with -p-’) xarc wa pareganda kardan ‘to spend, squander’ San. 237r. 20 (quotns.; the Pass. f. sayfal-/saypal- is also listed w. quotns. in 237V. 7; these V.s are listed in Vel. 282-3 ar,d consequently P. de C., etc. as sayğa-, sayğal-).

D saypat- (squander) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of saypa:- (squander). Xak. xı ol <arjar> tawa:nn saypatti: ‘he urged him to squander ('aid tabdir) his property’ Kaš. II 357 (saypatu:r, saypatma:k).

Dis. V. SYD-

D soydur- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter) Caus. f. of soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter); s.i.s.m.l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A (the chief of the demons hid in a tree) vr^štller tutup tartdı soydurdi ‘the angels seized and pulled him and had him draŋged off (the tree)’ Man.-uig. Frag. 400, e: Čağ. xv ff. soydur- dîgari-re ba-kandan piist wa libes amr kardan ‘to order someone to strip the skin or clothes (off someone)’ San. 248V. 20.

Dis. V. SYĞ-

D sayik- (shallow, shoals, stony) Intrans. Den. V. fr. 1 sa:y (stony (desert), dry riverbed, shoal, shallow, fording); survives in NE Tob.: NW xix Kaz. sayik-; xx Kaz. sayeg- (of a stream) ‘to become shallow, form shoals’. Xak. xı ye:r sayikti: ‘the ground became stony’ (fdrat... harra) Kaš. III 189 (sayika:r, sayikma:k).

D soyuk- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter) Hap. leg.; Emphatic Pass. f. of soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter). Xak. xı er soyukti: huriba melul-racul ‘the man’s property was plundered’ (i.e. he was stripped of it) Kaš. III 189 (soyuka:r, soyukma:k).

E sayğa:- See saypa:- (Čağ.).

?E sayka:- Hap. leg.; almost certainly a mistranscription of saypa:-. Uyğ. vııı i ff. Bud. (they sat cross-legged at the cross-roads and filled the beakers) tuturkan suvsušuğ saykadılar alkınčsız ‘they poured out the rice wine unstintingly’ Hüen-ts. 1941-2.

D sayğır- Hap. leg.; Inchoative Den. V. fr. 1 sa:y (stony (desert), dry riverbed, shoal, shallow, fording). Xak. xı yer sayğırdı: ‘the ground \\\ became almost covered with stones’ (kddat... an tašîr harra) Kaj. III 193 (sayğıra:r, sayğırma:k).

Tris. SYĞ

D sayu:ki: N./A.S. fr. sayu:; pec. to Uyğ. and grammatically dubious. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. on orunlar sayukı Irü belgüler ‘the omens and signs in all the ten quarters’ Suv. 315, 14; (the root of the profound doctrine) kamağ nikay sayuki ‘in all the schools’ (Sanskrit nikdya) Hüen-ts. 213.

(? D) soya:ğu: (splinter, pine-needle, tooth-pick) morphologically obscure, perhaps a l.-w. Survives in NC Kzx. soyaw ‘pine-needle; tooth-pick; splinter’. Xak. xı soya:ğu: ši'ši'u'1-dik ‘a cock’s spur’ Kaš. III 174.

Dis. SYL

SDF suylığ (sinful) See tsuylığ. (sinful)

Dis. V. SYL-

E sayıl- See sapıl- (repair, graft, inoculate, thread (a needle))

D soyul- (strip, denude, peel) Pass. f. of soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı bulit soyuldi: ‘the clouds were swept away’ (taqašša'at); and one says ko:y teri:si: soyuldi: ‘the sheep was flayed’ (kušitat... 'an cildihd); and one says erdin tom soyuldi: ‘the garment was stripped (nuzi'a) off the man’ Kaš. III 190 (soyulu:r, soyulma:k): (xiv Muh. 'ariya wa'nsalaxa ‘to be stripped naked; to be flayedšo:ya:- Mel. 22, x; Rif. 112 (? error for šo:yul-); al-wry (Rif. adds wa'l--salx) šo:ymak (sic) 36, 11; 122): Xwar. xıv soyul- (of a nut kernel) ‘to be peeled’ Qutb 158: Kip. xıv insalaxa šoyul- Bul. 33r.: xv masliix ‘flayed’ (šırık; in margin in SW (?) hand) šoyılmıš Tuh. 33b. 10.

Dis. SYR

(S)D seyrem (sedrem) (sparse, scattered, shallow, scanty) Hap. leg., but see seyremlen-; although the Infin. of the latter has -ma;k in the MS. this is clearly a N.S.A. fr. seyre:- (sedre:- (spread, disperse, thin) (scatter, shatter)) ‘to be sparse, scattered', and the like. Xak. xı seyrem su:v al-md'u'l-dahddh ‘shallow, scanty water’ Kaš. III 176.

E suyra:n See subram.

Dis. V. SYR-

sayra:- (twitter, sing, rave) (of a bird) (fr. söy-) ‘to twitter, sing’, with some extended and metaph. meanings. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in SW only Tkm. Cf. 2 öt-, Xak. xı sanduwa:č sayra:di: ‘the nightingale sang melodiously’ (tarraba... bi-alhdn); and one says er sayra:di: ‘the man raved in delirium’ (hada... mina'l-hadydn); this is one of the words with two contrary meanings (mina'l--added) Kaš. III 311 (sayra:r, sayra:ma:k); sayrapraving’ 1467, 9; ‘singing’ 111 240, 2e: KB sarığ sandvač öttl ünln sayradı ‘the yellow nightingale sang (Hend.) melodiously’ 4963: xıv Rbğ. sanduwač kuš sewinip' sayradı ‘the nightingale sang happily’ R IV 225: Čağ. xv ff. sayra- saraytdan tea xwdndan \860\ mtırğen ‘ (of birds) to sing (Hend.)’ San. 237V. 26 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 152; MN 174, etc.: Kip. xv zaqzaqa ‘to twittersayra- Tuh. 18b. 6.
860

Dis. V. SYR-

D sayrat- (chatter) Caus. f. of sayra:- (twitter, sing); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol agar sayrattı: sö:züg ‘he egged him on to chatter’ Čalel-kalemil-katiŋ Kaš. II 357 (sayratu:r, sayratma:k): Xwar. xıv til sayrat- ‘to chatter’ Qutb 152.

D sayraš- (sing, chatter) Co-op. f. of sayra:- (twitter, sing); s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xı ola:r telim sayrašdt: takallamü kalanı katır ka'1-hadayen ‘they chattered a great deal as if they were delirious’; and one says kušla:r sayrašdt: ‘the birds sang together’ (tarannamat) Kaš. III 194 (sayrašu:r, sayrašma:k; verse): Čağ. xv ff. sayraš- ‘to sing (sareyldan) together’ San. 23«r. 11.

Tris. V. SYR-

S soyurka:- See tsoyurka:-.

D seyremlen- (sedremlen-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. seyrem (sparse, scattered, shallow, scanty). Xak. su:v seyremlendi: ‘the water became shallow’ (or scanty, šera... dahdah) Kaš. III 205 (seyremlenü:r, seyremienme:k; MS. ma:k).

D soysuk- (plundered) Hap. lep.; Emphatic Pass. f. of soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter); quoted only as a grammatical example. Xak. xı and the qaj is combined with sin... as in the phr. er soysukdı: suliba melul-racul ‘the man’s property was plundered' Kaš. I 21, 6; n.m.e.

Dis. V. SYŠ-

D soyuš- (strip, peel) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of soy- (peel, strip, flay, skin, denude, undress, rob, slaughter).; Xak. xı ol maga: teri: soyušdt: ‘he helped me to strip the skin (fisafxil-cifd) off the sheep’ (etc.); also used for peeling (the bark off) a tree or (the. shell of!) an egg (ft qušril-šacara tual- bayda) Kaš. III 188 (soyušu:r, soyušnia:k).

Mon. SZ

sız See sızla:- (seizure, ache, pain) (seizure)

si:z (you) 2nd Pers. Plur. Pron. ‘you’. C.i.a.p.a.i. Often used honorifically for the Sing., in which case sizler is sometimes used for the Plıır. Türkü vııı ff. Man. sizler preceding an Imperat. TT II 8. 70; other cases noted sizni, sizig, sizige: Uyğ. vııı siz tašıktg ‘start out on the campaign’ Šu. E 10: vııı ff. Man.-A sizlerde almıš ağu ‘the poison received from you’ M I 19, 15; sizeg ‘your’ do. 37, 17; (the body) kim sizni üze turur ‘which is over (i.e. clothes) you’ M III 9, 10 (in: Man., Bud., Civ. the cases noted are siz, sizni, sizig, sizige, sizde, sizdin, sizler: O. Kır. ıx ff. siz is very common in the epitaphs in the lists of persons fr. whom the deceased has been parted in such phr. as siz elime: ‘from you my realm’ Mai. 1, t, and sizime: ‘from you who belong to me’: Xak. xı si:z a Pron. (harf) used to address a distinguished person (al-kablrul--muhtaram) in Čigü in the sense of ‘thou’ (anta) \ but originally ‘you’ (anttım) \ an inferior (al-šağiŋ is addressed as sen; the Oğuz reverse this usage Kaš. III 124; o.o. / 339 (sen); other cases noted sizig, sizge:, sizde:: xııı (?) At. siz before Imperats. 104, 284; Tef. cases noted are siz, sizni, sizig, sizge, sizde, sizdin, sizler, sizlerni, sizlerig, sizlerke, sîzlerdin 268-9; xıv Muh. antum si:z Mel. 5, 17; 6, 3; Rif. 76; siz i2, 8; 86; minktim sizden 12, 7; 86; a.o.o.: Čağ. xv ff. siz šume ‘you’, in Ar. anttım San. 15V. 9; siz (1) 2nd Pers. Plur. Pron. šunu7; (2) when it is combined with itself it is used predicatively, e.g. siz siz ‘you are’ 252V. 12: Xwar. xıv siz Qutb, MN, Nahc. passim: Kom. xıv the cases noted are siz, sizni, sizig, sizge, sizden CCI, CCG\ (Jr. : Kip. xrn andını siz Hou. 50, 8 ff.; sizin, sizge do. 52, 9-13: Xiv siz anttım Id. 52 (‘also a Priv. Suff.’); Bul. 16, 16; sizin do. 14, 1415: xv sizni: Kav. 32, 12; sizin, sizde, sizden do. 45, 6-15; siz Bul. 39b. 12; other cases sizni, sizge, sizden.

sö:z (speech, word, statement) very broadly ‘anything spoken’, the precise translation, ‘word, speech, statement’, etc., depending on the context; but apparently referring to shorter utterances than sa:v, q.v. Rare before xi; s.i.a.m.l.g. Türkü vııı ff. IrkB 7, 11 (sa:v): Man. (if we have sinned), sakınčın sözün kılınčın ‘by thought, word, or deed’ Chuas. 96-7; o.o. do. 296-7; M III 20, 7 (i) (sa:v): Uyğ. vııı Su. W 5 (2 yaz-): vııı ff. Bud. tarnı söz sözlemiš kergek ‘he must recite a dharani’ TT V 8, 74 (perhaps dittography, the normal phr. in this text is tarnı sözle-); o.o. VIII A.25 (tile:-); X 26 (sa:v): Civ. begde sözi yorır ‘his words find favour with the beg TT VII 28, 28; (if he goes on a long journey) sözke kirür ‘he meets with criticism’ do. 39 and 51; bu sözke tanuk ‘the witnesses to this statement are...’ USp. 6, 6; (I... have written this document) ikegününig sözinče ‘to the dictation of both parties’ do. 12, 25; söz is common in similar contexts in USp.: Xak. xı sö:z a!-helenı Svord, speech, statement’ Kaš. III 124; about 100 o.o.: KB söz is very common, e.g. bayat atı birle sözüg bašladım ‘I began my exposition with the name of God’ 124 (the same verse is interpolated as ı only in the Vienna MS.): xııı (?) At. söz occurs about 50 times, e.g. ešit emdi kač söz ‘hear now a few words’ 2i; Tef. söz ‘word, speech’, etc. 274: xıv Muh. aî-halem sö:z Mel. 84, 14; Rif. 190: Čağ. xv ff. söz (‘with -ö-’ 25V. 9) suxn ‘word, speech’, etc. San. 24Sr. 12 (and two phr.): Xwar. xııı sö:z ditto 'Ali 5: xııı (?) ditto Oğ. 129, 198, etc.: xıv ditto Qutb 160, MN 3, etc.: Kom. xıv ditto; common CCG', Gr.: Kip. xıv söz (‘with -ö-’) al-kalem Id. 52: xv ditto Kav. 31, 6; Tuh. 31a. 7: Osm. xıv ff. söz is common in phr., including söz sav, until xvı and occurs sporadically later TTS I 643; II 841; III 639; IV 707.

Mon. V. SZ-

sez- (se:z-) (think, perceive, feel, discern, understand, conjecture, doubt?) (Jo lo se) (size) s.i.a.m.l.g. except NF, (?) with a rather wide range of meanings ‘to perceive’ \861\ feel, discern, understand, conjecture’, etc.; in SW Az. sez-; Osm. sez-; Tkm. siz- (sic); but it seems originally to have meant ‘to think’ or perhaps ‘to doubt’, see se:zig. (Xak.) xııı (?) Tef. sez- (1) ‘to feel’ (the results of a beating); (2) a'lamü ‘know’ bilirj sezig 265: Čağ. xv ff. söz- (-di, etc.) sez- ya'ni zann eyle- ‘to suppose, conjecture’ Vel. 272 (quotn.); söz- fahmidan ‘to understand’ San. 251 v. 24 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv sez- ‘to feel, anticipate’ Qutb 157: Kom. xıv ‘to perceive, become aware of (something)’ sez- CCI, CCG; Gr. 219 (quotn.): Kip. xıv sez- hadasa ‘to surmise, conjecture’ Id. 52: xv fahima ‘to understand’ (aijla-/) sez- (mis-spelt ser-) Kav. 29, 7; 'arafa wa 'alima ‘to know, apprehend’ (bll-/) sez- do. 74, 5; hassa’l-xafir ‘of the mind, to perceivesez- Tuh. 13b. e: Osm. xiv, XVI ‘to feel, perceive; to think, conjecture’ TTS IV 680.
861

1 sı:z- (melt) (thaw) ‘to melt’ (Intrans.) with the implication of consequential dripping or oozing; with extended meanings. Survives in NE sıs- ‘to ooze’ and the like R IV 661; SE Tar. sız- ditto R IV 723: NC Kır. sız- ‘to ooze gently; to slip away unnoticed; to move at a steady pace’; Kzx. sız- ‘to slip away unnoticed’: SC Uzb. sız- ‘to ooze’: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. sız- ditto.: Čuv. šer- ‘to urinate’ Ash. XVII 329. Cf. erü:- (melt). Xak. xı ya:ğ sızdı: ‘the fat (etc.) melted’ (deba); and one says kü:n sızdı: (MS. suzdı:) bada qarnu’l-šams ‘the first rays of the sun appeared’; and one says sökel sızdı: ‘the invalid lost weight (withered) and wasted away’ (indaqqa... wa tada ala) Kaš. II 9 (sıza:r, sızma:k); ya:ğ sı:zdı: ‘the fat melted’; and one says olma:dın su:v sı:zdi: ‘the water overflowed and dripped (sariba... wa taraššaha) from the jar’ (etc.); and kü:n sı:zdı: debati’l-šams ‘the sun began to get hot’, that is when its rays first appear in the east III 182 (sı:za:r, sı:zma:k): KB sakınč birle düšman sızıp ölsün-i ‘may (your) enemies waste away with anxiety and die’ 944; a.o. 5800: xıv Muh. (l) deba sız- (MS. sır-) Rif. 109 (only); al-dawaben sızmak 119 (ditto); (under ‘illnesses’) al-dawaban ‘wasting sıcknesssızmak (MS. -mek) 163: Čağ. xv ff. sız- (-ıp) sız-, ya'tıi taraššuh eyle- ‘to drip, ooze’ Vel. 286 (quotn.); sız- (sic) taraššuh kardan San. 251 v. 24: Xwar. xıv sız- ‘to melt’; metaph. ‘to waste away, pine’ Qutb 165: Kom. xıv ‘to melt, become liquid’ sız- CCG; Gr. 229 (quotn.): Kip. xıv šız- deba ‘to melt’, of lead and the like Id. 57 (and see erüt-).

S 2 sız- See čiz-. (draw (line)) (chisel)

süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see) ‘to filter or strain (a liquid Acc.)’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some extended meanings. Contrast serme:- which means ‘to strain (something Acc.) out of (a liquid Abl.)’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. köpültig süzer arıtur üčün ‘because, it strains and cleanses the mind’ TT V 26, 98; o.o. do. 97 (turuldur-), 100 (2 čuğ): Civ. suvin süzüpstraining the water’ HI 106; a.o. II 8, 38: Xak. xı ol su:v süzdi: (MS. in error süjdi:) ‘he strained  (šaffe) the water’ (etc.) Kaš. II 9 (süze:r, süzme:k); a.o. I 450, 15 (sürzti:): KB süz- is normally used metaph., e.g. üktiš išni süzgenclarifying many tasks’ 421; bodun bulğanukın sıyesat süzer ‘a sound policy clears up all popular disorders’ 2131; (if the people deteriorate, the beg disciplines them; if the beg deteriorates) anı kim süzer ‘who is there to put him right (clarify)?’ 5203; o.o. 268, 185e: xıv Muh. (?) šajfe wa rawwaqa (‘to clarify’) sü:z- Rif. hi (only): Čağ. xv ff. süz- šef kardan ‘to purify, clarify’; also used in two special idioms; (1) of birds when they fold their wings and glide down to the ground, in Ar. kusur; (2) ‘to make (the eyes) melting’ (nezik) in a state of intoxication or overpowering sleepiness; in these senses süz- cannot be used by itself but ‘bird’ (as the Subject) or ‘eyes’ (as the Object) must be mentioned San. 242V. 1 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv süz- ‘to look coquettishly’ Qutb 163 (rather dubious): Kom. xıv ‘to strain, purifysüz- CCI, CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı šaffe mina’l-tašfiya süz- Hou. 40, 15: xıv süz- (‘with -ti-’) šaffe’l-me’... (after süzme:) and one says közin süzdi: ğadda tarfahu ‘he lowered his eyes (coquettishly)’ Id. 52: xv raqa ‘to clarifysüz- Tuh. 17a. 13; šaffe süz- (/sarkıt-) do. 22b. 13.

Dis. SZ

D saza, säza, seza, (proper, appropriate, suitable) (OTD p. 498 достойный, подобающий)

Dis. V. SZD-

D sizit- (melt) (thaw) Caus. f. of 1 si:z- (melt) (thaw); n.o.a.b. Cf. sızğur- (melt), (Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. TT VII 22, 17-i8 (?) see serit-): Xak. xı ol agar ya:ğ sızıttı: ‘he urged him to melt ('ale ad eba) the congealed (al-cemid) fat’ (etc.) Kaš. II 305 (sızıtu:r, sızıtma:k); a.o. I 374 (sıdığ).

D süztür- Caus. f. of süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); s.i.s.m.l., usually as süzdür-, Xak. xı ol su:v süztürdi: ‘he ordered someone to strain (or clarify, bi--tašfiya) the water’ (etc.) Kaš. II 184 (süztürür, süztürme:k).

Dis. SZĞ

?F suza:k (village) ‘village’; pec. to Uyğ. Bud.; no doubt like kend a l.-w.; the spelling is fixed by TT VIII. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit grema ‘village’ suzarkı TT VIII C.3; kend suzak ‘town and village’ U IV 38, 149 (and see note thereon); Suv. 479, 22; 528, 4; 531, 19.

Dis. V. SZĞ-

D sızğur- (melt) Caus. f. of 1 si:z- (melt) (thaw); ‘to melt (something Acc.)’; survives in NE Bar., Tel. sıskır-: NC Kır. sızğır-: SC Uzb. sizğir-: SW Osm. sızır-, Cf. sızıt-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. sızğurmıš altun ‘molten gold’ Suv. 28, 14; a.o. 71, le: Civ. sızğurup ‘melt’ (and drink on an empty stomach) HI 19: Xak. xı er ya:ğ sızğurdı: ‘the man melted (adeba) fat’ (etc.); and when fever has emaciated (nahakat) an invalid one says sızğurdı: Kaš. II 188 (sızğurur, sızğurma:k; verse): xııı (?) Tef. sızğurmıš ‘molten’ (copper) 271: (Čağ. xv ff. sızğur- an otherwise unrecorded Caus. f. of 2 sız- (čiz-) San. 252r. 28): Xwar. xıv sızğır-‘to melt (something)’ Qutb 16e: (Kom. xıv \862\ 'to hiss, sizzle’ sızğır- perhaps belongs here CCI; Gr.).
862

Dis. SZG

D se:zig (suspicion, apprehension) Dev. N./A. fr. sez-; in the early period almost certainly ‘doubt’. Survives as sezik in NE Tel.: SE rl'ar.: NC Kzx. (and in der. f.s in Kır. and NW Kk.) generally with the meaning of ‘suspicion, apprehension’, and the like, in Tar. ‘the fancies of a pregnant woman’. Uyğ. vııı fF. Man.-A M I 19, 11 (ayıt-): Man. sezig köpüllerin tarğartı ‘they restrained (or got rid of) their doubtful thoughts’ TT III 130: sezik!e:rin ta:rğa:rğa:lır iičün ‘in order to restrain (or dissipate) their doubts’ TT VIII 11.6; a.o. do. 10; (in a list of harmful emotions) sezig ‘doubt’ U 11 77, 15; 86, 32; o.o. Kuan. 206, etc. : Xak. xı se:zig al-zann ‘opinion, conjecture, doubt, suspicion’ (a rather imprecise word) Kaš. I 408; a.o. II 152, 4 (se:zin-): KB barirmen mugar sen sezig tutmağıl ‘I am going away; have no doubt of this’ 1090; wa lîkin sezigim bu ol ‘but this is my doubt’ 3823; o.o. 3785, 5408: Kip. xv hiss (ün/) sezek (sic) Tuh. 12b. 7 (i.e. 'voice’ ün; ‘feeling, presentiment’ sezek): Osm. xvı ff. al-zann (see Xak.) is translated sezig in one diet, and sezi in another; al-muxammin ‘an appraiser’ sezig-birle... SQZ söyleylci kiši TTS II 812; IV 679.

D süzük (pure, transparent, clarified, strained) Pass. N./A.S. fr. süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); lit. (of a liquid) ‘clarified, strained’; metaph. ‘pure, transparent’, and the like. S.i.s.m.l. in NE, SE, SC. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-AM127, 35 (1 turuk): Man. süzüg (sic) kögüllüg ‘with pure thoughts’ TT IX 95: Bud. Sanskrit accheni penîyeni ‘pure waters’ süzök (sic) su:vlarığ TT VIII C.6; üč ertinide süzük kertgünč kögüllüg ‘havin” a pure belief in the three jewels’ VII 40, 7; o.o. TT V 6, 22 etc. (1 arığ); 6, 24 (sırıčğa:); 22, 42; VI 3el(1 turuk); VII 40, 117; A'24; U II 37, 60-3 (tapčasız), etc.: Civ. TT I 135 (tigi:): Xak. xı süzük su:v ‘blue, clear (al-azraqu'l-šefî) water’; also anything clear like a sapphire, etc. is called süzük Kaš. I 389: KB süzük ol bu dawlat siizükni yöler ‘this fortune is pure and supports the pure’ 2105 ; o.o. 973 (egsü:-), 1521 (^dizlik): xııı (?) At. nawiuhr süzük az bolur ‘pure witticisms are rare’ 479, (in 477 ?read sözüg): xıv Muh. al- šef I (of wine, etc.) sü:zü:k Mel. 63, 10 (MS. sü:rü:k); 84, 14; Rif. 162, 191: Čağ. xv ff. süzük (spelt) šef San. 243r. 21 (quotn.): Kom. xıv süzük su CCG; Gr.

D süzgü: N.I. fr. süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); ‘strainer, filter’. S.i.m.m.l.g., but the cognate N.I. süzgič, with minor phonetic changes, is rather commoner. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit parisrevanam ‘strainer’ süzkü (sic) TT VIII C.S: Osm.xvi ff. süzgü ‘strainer’, in several dicts. TTS II 859; IV 720.

D süzgün Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); lit. ‘strained’. Survi%es in SW Az., Osm. for ‘filtered, clarified; (of an eye) melting, languid’. Its application in Xak. is obscure, perhaps to a tree which naturally exudes sap or gum, or is tapped to yield it. Xak. xı süzgün ‘a kind of mountain tree (min šacari'l-cibel with black thorns’ Kaš. I 443.

Dis. V. SZG--

D se:zik- Hap. leg.; Emphatic f. of se:z-; zanna is ambiguous, but cf. se:zig, se:zin-; the meaning is prob. as below. Xak. xı bu ı:šığ aga:r se:ziktim zannantu hede'1-amr minhu ‘I suspected him of tin’s affair’ Kaš. II r 17 (sezike:r, sezikme:k; sic).

Tris. SZG

D se:ziglig l’.N./A. fr. se:zig; apparently both ‘feeling doubt, or suspicion’ and ‘open to doubt or suspicion, dubious, suspect’. Survives only (?) in NW Krun sezikli ‘hesitant, cautious’ R IV 491. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit lînebhisamhita ‘doubtful’ sezekleg (sic) TT VIII A. İ8; o.o. do. 11.6 (erki:); TT VI 380 (alkınč); Suv. 290, 17 (ikirčgü:); TT X 538; Hüen-ts. 210, etc.: Xak. xı KB (food and drink are very awkward) s^ziglig klšidin yese ‘if one gets them from a dubious character’ 2826; (you have lived through the night which has just passed) kečermü seziglig künüŋ ‘will the dubious day which is coming to you (also) pass?’ 3633 : ( xııı (?) Tef. seziglik (A.N.) ‘doubt’ 266).

D sö:zkine: (little word) Hap. leg.; Dim. f. of sö:z (speech, word, statement); the last consonant has one dot above and two below, so sö:zkiye:, another Sec. f. of -kine: (small, kleine), is a possible reading. Xak. xı (from a love poem) be:rig maga: sö:zkine: ‘give me one little word’ Kaš. III 359, 7; n.m.e.

D se:zigsiz Priv. N./A. fr. se:zig; ‘free from doubt; not open to suspicion’, and more often ‘undoubtedly’. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vill ff. Bud. (if he says this dluıranŋ sdzigsiz sidi tögme iši küdügi büter 'his ceremony called siddhi will undoubtedly be (successfully) completed’ TTV 8, 69-70; sezeksez (sic) VIII A.36; sezigsiz ‘undoubtedly’ U III 26, 11; Hüen-ts. 1997: Xak. xı KB sdzigsiz bir ök sen ‘undoubtedly Thou art one’ 10; o.o. 339 (birtem), 2296, — (on the subject of cooks, cf. se:ziglig) sezigsiz yese beg amgilin asığ ‘if the beg can eat without misgivings, he (the cook) is valuable’ 2825.

Dis. SZL

D sızla:ğ (seizure, ache, pain) (seizure) Dev. N. fr. sızla:- (seizure, ache, pain) (seizure); ‘an ache’ and the like. S.i.s.m.l., esp. in NW where the forms are sizlav/sizlaw. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. H I 165 (kavuk): Xak. xı sızla:ğ the word for ‘a numb feeling’ (kalel) in the teeth when one drinks very cold water or chews ice and feels the cold of it Kaš. I 464.

Dis. V. SZL-

D sızıl- (melted) Pass. f. of 1 sı:z- (melt) (thaw); strictly speaking irregular since 1 sız- ‘to melt’ is Intrans., but seems to mean ‘to be melted’. N.o.a.b. Sizil- in Čağ. xv ff. San. 252r. 26 and some modern \863\ languages, RIV 665, is a Sec. f. of čizil- which is not an ancient word. Uyğ. vill ff. Bud. (their flesh and bones) sağ yağ teg sızılıp barır ‘are melted like butter and disappear’ TM IV 252, 22; iki adakınta yağı sızılıp akıp ‘the fat in his two legs is melted and flows away’ U III 24, 5 (ı): (Xak.?) xıv Muh. al-mudab ‘melted’ sızılmıš Mel. 84, 15; Rif. 191.
863

Dis. V. SZL-

D süzül- (purified, clarified, strained) Pass. f. of süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); lit. ‘to be strained, clarified’; metaph. 'to be purified’ and the like. S.i.a.m.ll. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (he believes in the three jewels and the commandments and) süzülür ‘is purified’ TT V 22, 38; (then the 77,000 people in that community, hearing the Buddha’s words) ertlgü sUzUltiler ‘were greatly purified’ VI 303; o.o. Suv. 63, 8-9 (an:-); PP 47, 1: Xak. xı su:v süzüldi: 'the water (etc.) was clear’ (šafe; i.e. Pass. used as Intrans.) Kaš. II 124 (süzülür, süzülme:k); a.o. II139, 15: KB bilig birle süzlür bodun bulğakı ‘by knowledge the people’s confusion is clarified' 221; süzülmiš kögül ‘the clarified mind’ (very shrewdly said) 3752; o.o. 3632, 4795» 592' (bulğa:nuk): Čağ. xv ff. süzül-šef šudan ‘to become clear, pure’, etc.; also used as the Pass. of the two idioms mentioned under süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); kuš süzüledür ‘the bird folds its wings to glide down’ and köz süzüledür ‘the eye looks blankly’, because of intoxication or being woken suddenly San. 242V. 14 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv süzül- (of the eyes) ‘to be used coquettishly’ Qutb 163.

D sızla:- (seizure, ache, pain) (seizure) Den. V. fr. sız (ache, pain), which survives in NE Alt., Tel. sis (before vowels siz- ...) ‘ache, pain’; ‘to ache, to have a sharp pain (seizure)’. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SE, SC w. some phonetic changes. Xak.xi anıŋ tıšı: bu:zdın sizla:di: ‘his teeth ached (tawacca'a) and developed a sharp pain (naxs) because of ice or drinking very cold water’; and one says ernig sügü:ki: sızla:dı: ‘the man’s bones were acutely painful (naxasa) because of a sharp pain (qarš) in them’ Kaš. III 297 (sizla:r, sizla:ma:k).

D sizle:- (respectfully address) Den. V. fr. si:z; ‘to address respectfully’, i.e. as ‘you’, not ‘thou’. Survives in SC Uzb. Xak. xı Kaš. III 298 (senle:-); n.m.e.

D sö:zle:- (speak, say) Den. V. fr. sö:z (speech, word, statement); ‘to speak, say’. Like ay- (speak, say, declare, prescribe) (but unlike te:-, which could properly only precede or follow a speech in oratio recta) it could be used both with and without such a speech. In about xııı for some unexplained reason, possibly to avoid the juxtaposition of s- and -z- (though such juxtaposition is very common), it became söyle- in some languages. Survives in NE Tuv. sögle-: SE Türki sözle-: NC Kır. süylö-; Kzx. söyle-: SC Uzb. süzla-: NW söyle-: SW Az., Osm. söyle-; Tkm. sözle-. Türkü vııı ff. Man. . teŋri nomın sözleser ‘if someone preaches the sacred doctrine’ Chuas. 72; neče sözlemesig irinčülüg söz sözleyürbiz ‘whatever wicked things we say that we should not have said’ do. 295-6; a.o. do. 105-7 (kikšür-): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A MI 15, 1-3 (ögek): Man. TT III lel(bašık): Bud. sözle- is common; (1) by itself, e.g. \863\ belgürtl sözleser 'if I speak declaring’ (my lineage and family) PP 67, 2; a.o. do. 73, 5; (2) with an Object, e.g. (if I do not go) ezUk sözlemiš bolğaymen ‘I shall have told a lie’ U7/769,1-2; o.o. TTIVS,yo; VS, 58-9,etc.; (3) before oratio recta, e.g. ötrü Šastrakan baxšı sözledİ ‘then the teacher ğestrakara said’, followed by a speech, followed by tep TT X 10-11; a.o.o.; (4) combinations of (2) and (3), e.g. savlar sözleyü yarlıkadı ‘he deigned to say (the following) words’ do. 216217: Civ. bu damığ özlerinig sanuıča SÖzlep ‘reciting this dherani as often as the years of his life’ TT VII 26, 5-7; sözleser follows oratio recta USp. 77, 15-le: Xak. xı ol maga: sö:z sö:zle:di: takallama ilayya bi-kalem ‘he spoke to me’ Kaš. III 296 (sö:zle:r, sö:zle:me:k); o.o. I 402 (tümen); III 208, 14: KB sözle- is common, both by itself, e.g. bilip sözlese ‘if a man speaks with knowledge’ 170; and with an Object, e.g. üküš sözleme söz birer sözle az ‘do not speak a great deal, say little, a word at a time’ 172: xııı (?) At. sözle- is common in both these usages, e.g. kali sözleseg söz bilip sözlegil ‘if you speak, say what you know’ 226; Tef. sözle- is common in both these usages 274:xiv Muh. takallama sö:zle:- Mel. 20, 12; 24, 9; Rif. 100, 106; kadaba ‘to lie’ yalğa:n söryle:- (tt'e) 30, 13; (ötrükle:-, in margin yalğa:n 8ö:zle:- 114): Čağ. xv ff. sözle- (spelt) harf zadan zva guftan ‘to speak, say’ San. 242V. 19 (quotns.); söyle- (‘with -ö-’) guftan San. 248V. 21 (perhaps Rumi, see sö:zleš-): Xwar. xııı sözle-/söyle- *Ali 13: xıv sözle- Qutb 160: Kom. ‘to speak’ sözle- CCI, CCG; Gr. 224 (quotns.): Kıp. xııı kadaba (ötukle:-, perror for ötrükle:-/) ötrük söyle:-; Tkm. yala:n söyle:-; šadaqa ‘to tell the truth’ (kerti: ayıt-); Tkm. keršek söyle:- Hou. \\ 36, 4-5; takallama sö:zle:- do. 38, le: xıv Sözle- (‘with — 0 — ’) takallama Id. 52; tahaddata ‘to speak, relate’ sözle-/söyle- Bul. 37r.:xv tahaddata sö:yle:- Kav. 8, 16; 38, 1; ditto sözle- 38, 3; qala ‘to say’ sö:yle- (MS. sö:le-) 31, 14; a.o.o.; tahaddata sözle-; takallama söyle- Tuh. 9a. 6-7; and many o.o. of both forms; in Tuh. qala is translated ayit-/d6-.
863

D sızlat- (seizure, ache, pain) (seizure) Caus. f. of sızla:- (seizure, ache, pain) (seizure); s.i.s.m.l. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. sının sızlatur ‘it makes his body ache’ TT VII 24, 21-2; a.o. do. 25, 2 (1 bu:t): Xak. xı bu:z tı:šığ sızlattı: ‘the ice made his teeth numb’ (akalla), that is that the cold makes his teeth crawl (ya’xud...fi’l-dabib) as if they ached (waca'a) or ants crawled (in them); also used of cold water when one puts a hand in it and experiences a feeling of cold Kaš. II 346 (sızlatu:r, sizlatma:k).

D sizlet- (respectfully address) Caus. f. of sizle:- (respectfully address); survives in SC Uzb. Xak. xı and one says men am: sizlettim ‘I ordered (someone) to address him respectfully’ (bi-xi (ebi'l-akebira) Kaš. II 347 (sizletü:rmen, sizletme:k; after senlet- and not in its proper place).

D sözlet- (sö:zlet-) (speak) Caus. f. of sö:zle:- (speak, say); s.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. Xak. \\ xı ol meni: süzletti: ‘he urged ine to speak’ Čaln'l-kalüm) Kaš. II 346 (sözletü:r, söz-letme:k): Čağ. xv ff. sözlet- (-keli, sic) söylet- Vel. 295; sözlet-/sozleštür- madkûr sü.rtan ten gııyü kardan 'to have (something) stated, to order to speak’ San. 243r. 15 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv sözlet- ditto Qutb 161.
864

Dis. V. SZL-

D sö:zlen- (said, talk, grumble) Refl. f. of sö::zle:- (speak, say); s.i.s.m.l. as sözlen- or söylen- 'to be said; to talk to oneself, grumble’. Xak. xı ol sö:zin maga: sözlendi: takallama tea azhnra Ii ba'd kale-mihi'YiC spoke and clarified some of his remarks to me’ Kaš. I1 247 (sö:zlenü:r, sö:zlenme:k; sic): KB tili birle yalguk sözi sözlenür a in an speaks for himself with his tongue’ 275.

D süzlün- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of süzül-, used as Intrans. Xak. xı su:v süzlündi: ‘the water (etc.) was clear’ (šafe) Kaš. II 247 (süzlünü:r, süzlünme:k).

D sö:zleš- (converse) Recip. f. of sö:zle:- (speak, say); ‘to converse’. S.i.a.m.l. as sözleš- or söyleš-. Türkü vııı İnim Kül Tegin birle: sözlešdimiz ‘my younger brother Kül Tegin and I discussed (the situation)’ I E 26, II E 21: vııı ff. Man. (for two days and nights the sacred King and the Hearers) savlarığ sözlešdller ||?;cčh.anged remarks’ TT II 6, 28: Uyğ. vııı fF. Chr. tep sözlešdiler ‘they said to one another’ (after a speech in oratio recta) U I 8, 8: Bud. Sanskrit anelapamıo ‘without conversing’ sö[zle:]šme:din TT VIII C. 11; ögi ögi sözle:šme:kke ‘by various conversations’ do. G.14: Civ. [gap] ınča sözlešdimiz ‘we discussed (the matter) in this way’ USp. 108, 5; satığ kümüšin ınča sözlešdimiz ‘we discussed the sale price in the following way’ do, 109, 3-4: Xak. xı ol meniŋ birle: sözlešdir takallama tna'i ‘he conversed with me’; originally sö:zlešdi: Kaš. II 215 (sözleštir, sözlešme:k); kiši: sö:z?ešü: yılkı: yıdlašu: ‘people (get to know one another) by conversing (bi'l-takallum), animals by smelling one another’ III 104, 17: xııı (?) Tef. sözleš-/ söz sözleš- ‘to converse’ 274: xıv Muh. tahedata ‘to converse’ sö:zle:š- Mel. 42, 6; Rif. 133 ; yataqmcahifi ‘they say to one another’ sözleštiler 42, 10 (Rif. corrupt): Čağ. xv ff. sözleš- (-tŋ söyleš- Vel. 295; sözleš- ‘to converse (mukelama kardan) with one another’ San. 243r. 7 (quotns.); söyleš- ditto 24gr. 2 (quotn., Fudi/li, which suggests that this should have been described as Rumi): Xwar. xıv sözleš- ditto Qutb 160: Kip. xv (in a para, on the Recip. Suff. -š-) (for takallama or tahaddata you sav sözle- or söyle- and) for take/amu sö:yleš- (MS. so:leš-) Kav. 70, 2-3; söylešmeke kelir-mi seg (sic) ‘have you come for a conversation ?’ (li'1-tahedut) Tuh. 60a. 4-5.

D süzlüš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of süzül-, expressing joint Intrans. state. Xak. xı su:vla:r kamuğ süzlüšdi: tašafati'1-miya 'the waters were all clear’ Kaš. İI 215 (süzlüšü:r, süzlüšme:k)..

Tris. V. SZL-

D sözletil- (uttered) Pass. f. of sö:zlet- (speak) ; n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit uktü ‘uttered’ sözlešilmiš e:rme:z TT 17/ /I.44 (sic\ inexplicable mistranslation): Xwar. xıv sözletil- ‘to be uttered’ Qutb 1 (11.

Dis. SZM

D süzme: Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see); lit. ‘something strained or clarified’. S.i.s.m.l., usually for ‘curds, cheese’, or ‘skim milk’; thus SE Türki süzme: NC Kır. süzmö; Kzx. süzbe: SC Uzb. suzma: NW Kk., Nog. siizbe; Kaz. sözıne: SW Az., Tkm. süzme, but Osm. süzme means ‘strained, filtered’. Xak. xı süzme: al-helûm ‘curds’ Kaš. I 433: Čağ. xv ff. süzme (spelt) šareb šef xeliš ‘clear pure wine’ (or ‘beverage’ ?) San. 243r. 21: Kip. xıv süzme: al-rewûq ‘a strainer’ (sic, ? error); and süzme: ğadid ‘languishing’; one says süzme: közlü: ‘with languishing eyes’ Id. 52 (and see süz-): xv (VU) mııšabbaka ‘a kind of sweetmeat’ (Hava) süzme Tuh. 34a. 7; (in 32a. 1 one of the translations of laban ‘milk’ is süzmelŋ.

Dis. V. SZN-

D se:zin- (feel, suspect) Refl. f. of se:z-; survives as sezin in some NE languages for ‘to have a feeling (about something), to suspect’ and SW Osm. for ‘to be aware, or conscious of (something); to have an inkling’. Kaš.'s translation is ambiguous, see se:zik-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (Hüen-tsangcoıısulted a soothsayer and) sezin-rnišin ayıtdı ınča tep ‘asked him about his doubtful (point) speaking as follows’ Hüen-ts. 20-T: Xak. xı ol aga:r s&zig sezindi: zanna lahu zann ‘he had a suspicion of him’ (?) Kaš. II 152 (se:zinü:r, se:zinme:k); a.o. / 419, 10 (tuzğu:): xııı (?) Tef. s^zin- seems to mean ‘to think, to have a feeling that’ (kim) 266; sizin- ‘to be patient’, 268, seems rather to be sezin- ‘to be doubtful’.

D süzün- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of süz- (sift, strain, filter, clarify, purify, look, glide) (see). The translation is doubtful; ö:zige: suggests that it should be simply ‘the man strained water for himself’; without that word the translation would be appropriate. Xak. xı er ö:zlge: su:v süzüntli: ‘the man pretended to strain (annahu yušaffe) water for himself’ Kaš. II 151 (süzünü:r, siizünme:k).

Tris. SZN

PUD sazınčı: (gypsum) Hap. leg.; this word is in a small section for words ending in -nč- and a vowel; it follows tutunču: under the cross-heading T, and the cross-heading Z, but precedes karınča:, which suggests that the Z and the -z- are errors for R and -r-; there is in fact a possible etymological link w. sarin-. There is no widely distributed word for ‘gypsum’ in Turkish. Xak. xı sazınčı: ta:šı: al-šuhrûc ‘gypsum’ Kaš. III 375.

D süzütıdi: Hap. leg.; Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. süzün-, Xak. xı süzündi: su:v ‘water which \865\ has been thoroughly clarified’ (šuffiya katira (n)) Kaš. I 449; a.o. 450, 20.
865

D süzinlüg (süzünlük) Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. süzün-; ‘purity’ (?). Türkü vııı (all the gods came down to fight the demons) süzinlügün Chuas. I 2.

PU?C sörzegri: Hap. leg.; in a note in Kaš. III 389 it is said that there cannot in Turkish be two consecutive consonants of which one is g unless the other is a liquid (harfu'l-dalaqa), that is 1 or r, and this 'rare word’ is quoted as an example. The only vowel sign is a damma on the sin. There is no good morphological explanation of the word, but it might be a compound of 8Ö:z and an abbreviated Dev. N. fr. agra:- ‘to scream’. Xak. xı 8ö:zegrh kiši: al-insenu' l-mihder ‘an incoherent, delirious man’ Kaš. III 389.
866

Š

Preliminary note. It is reasonably certain that, apart fr. onomatopoeics and interjections, which are in a class by themselves, no pure Turkish word originally began with š-. The other words listed below are either words in which the š- is a Sec. f. of s-, or less often č- or t-, or words of a kind which are likely to have been borrowed fr. some foreign language, Chinese, Tokharian (Agnean ?), or some Iranian dialect.

Mon. ŠA

F ša: (heron (type)) Hap. leg.; perhaps a Chinese l.-w. Xak. xı ša: the word for a parti-coloured (ablaq) bird resembling a heron (maliku l-hazin); it has the nickname erdemsiz ša: that is ‘a bird without merit’ (Id manqaba fihŋ because it always flics close to the ground Kaš. III 211.

F ši: (greeting for kings) Hap. leg.; Chinese l.-w. Xak. xı ši: an exclamation used in greeting the kings of China; it is the equivalent of the Ar.- phrase abayta’l-la'n ‘you have rejected (or averted) the curse (or rebuke?)’ Kaš. III 211. (Shi Le ~ Sir Le)

S šu:/šü: See ču:/čü:. (watch out!, чу!)

Mon. ŠB

PU ša:b Hap. leg.?; onomatopoeic more or less syn. w. čap (dabble, mess up, noisy action: swim, strike, plaster, hurry, run, gallop, attack, raid, plunder, wound, sever, drive (livestock)) (, чавкать), q.v. Xak. xı anı: ša:b ša:b boyunla:dı: šafa'ahu bi-šawt bade minhu ‘he hit him a resounding blow on the back of the neck’; and one says ol ka:ğu:nuğ ša:b ša:b ye:di: ‘he ate the melon smacking his lips’ (bi-šîb tea tamattuq); also used when one eats anything juicy like a peach; this word agrees with Ar., because al-šîb is šatvtu’l--mašdfir ‘the sound made by a camel’s lips’ Kaš. III 145.

PU?F šap (imperative: do) Hap. leg.; if not a mere interjection an abbreviation of ša:bü:k, q.v. Cf. zep zep. Xak. xı šap harf ta'cil ‘an interjection of urgency’, like Ar. halla; hence one says šap kel ‘come quickly’ Kaš. I 319; a.o. do. (1 bat).

F ša:v (Saponaria officinalis, soap-wort) Hap. leg.; no doubt a local word, prob. Iranian. Xak. (?) xı ša:v ‘a plant like soap-wort (al-hurd) in Uč with which clothes are washed’ (yitrhad) Kaš. III 155.

Dis. ŠBG

F ša:bü:k Hap. leg.; corruption of Pe. čabuk, same meaning. Xak. xı ačığlığ er ša:bü:k kan:ma:s ‘a prosperous man does not grow old quickly’ (sari'a (n)) Kaš. I 147, 5; n.m.e.

S šöbik See čöbik. (impurity, debris)

Dis. ŠBN

PU?F šabıŋ (sledge-hammer) ‘a sledge-hammer’; n.o.a.b.; the second vowel is hasra in the main entry, fatha in the other. The suggestion that (VU) boŋ is an abbreviation of this word is not plausible. Prob. an Iranian l.-w. ČigH xı šabıŋ al-mirzabba ‘a sledge-hammer’ Kaš. III 369; a.o. III 354 (bog). ‘

F *šabnu:y See šanbu:y.

Dis. V. ŠBŠ-

PUSD šuvšat- (suvšat-) (whisper) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of suvša:- (whisper). Xak. xı ol nıenig kuİakka: sö:z šuvšattı: ‘he urged someone to whisper a word (man haynama bi-kaldm) in my ear’ Kaš. II 337 (šuvšatu:r, šuvšatma:k).

PUSD šuvšaš- (suvšaš-) (whisper) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of suvša:- (whisper). Xak. xı olanıg birle: šuvšašdı: ‘he whispered a secret word (haynama... bi-kaldm xafŋ with him’ Kaš. II 350 (šuvšašu:r, šuvšašma:k).

Mon. ŠD

F šad (Crown Prince, prince, successor) Iranian l.-w. in a form not found in any known dialect, but cognate to Saka šao, Sogdian ɣšɣδ, Pe. šeh, ultimately der. fr. Old Pe. xšayaθiya. In Turkish the title, ranking prob. next after xağan and bestowed by the xagan on some close relative, younger brother or son (of the deceased elder brother), often carried with it the duty of ruling part of the xagan's dominions, so that ‘viceroy’ is perhaps the nearest English equivalent, but not an exact translation (viceroy is a position, šad Crown Prince is a title). In Turkish, apart fr. one occurrence in Uyğ. and a very dubious one in O. Kır., Mai. 2, 1, pec. to Türkü, but various Turkish šads are mentioned in the Chinese records, the word being transcribed sha, she, or ch’a, see Chavannes, Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux, St. Petersburg, 1900, p. 320. Cf. yabğu: (šad is recorded in European chronicles as a son of Kagan who took Tbilisi in ca. 580s). Türkü vııı tört yegirmi: yašımka: Tarduš bodun üze šad ertim (II olurtım) ‘in my 14th year I was (assumed the post of) šad over the Tarduš (Eastern Wing) people’ I E 17, I IE 15; (with my younger brother Kül Tegin and) eki: šad birle: ‘the two šads' IE 27 (II E 22); (the Türgeš xagan and his army attacked) xaganun yabğu:sı:n šadı:n anta: ölü:rtim ‘I killed their xagan, yabğu:, and šad there’ IIE 28; uluğı: šad erti: ‘their (the 700 men’s) headman was a šad’ T 5; šad atığ anta: birmiš ‘he gave him the title of šad there’ Ongin 6; o.o. I N 11; I E 14, II E 12; T 31, 41, etc.: Uyğ. vııı eki: oğlıma: yabğu: šad at bertlm ‘I gave my two sons the title of yabğu: and šad respectively’ Šu. E 7.

PU?F šat (bravery) n.o.a.b.; prob. a l.-w. Xak. xı šat al-cura ‘bravery’; hence one says anig ne: \867\ šati: ba:r ‘what bravery has he got ?’, implying that he has none (’ala tariqi’l-inkar) Kaš. I 320: KB meniŋ sözlegüke özüm yok šatı ‘I do not myself dare to speak’ 776.
867

VUF šu:t (origin, root) Hap. leg.; prob. an Iranian or Indian l.-w. Xotan xı šu:t al-nicer ‘origin, root’ Kaš. III 120.

Dis. ŠDA

?F šatu: (stair) ‘ladder, staircase’; almost certainly a l.-w. of unknown origin. A l.-w. in Mong. (Kow. 1446, Haltod 359) and Pe., see Doerfer III 1320; survives in NE Tuv. čada: SE Türki šatı/šatu Shaw; šota BŠ\ šote Jarring: NC Kır. šatı; Kzx. sati: SC Uzb. šotl; in Kom. and Kıp. fr. xıv onwards the word for ‘ladder’ was ağınğa:č, now obsolete; most other modern languages use bašğıč, not an old word, or l.-w.s. See bağna:. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. TT III 46-7 (billgllg): Xak. xı KB šatu kördüm ellig anıŋ bağnası 'I saw a ladder with fifty rungs’ 6033: Čağ. xv ff. šatu (spelt) narduben ‘ladder, staircase’ San. 259r. 20 (quotn.).

VUF šotı: (spider, anise seed, undulate cub) Hap. leg.; meaning uncertain; the Ar. translation is unvocalized and the last letter undotted. Brockelmann suggests either al-jabat ‘spider’ or al-šibitt ‘aniseed’; another possibility is al-šabab ‘young sheep or bovine’. Kaš. is no doubt right in describing it as ‘non-Turkish’. Xak. xı šotı: al-šabat (l)\ luğağayr ašliya ‘not originally Turkish’ Kaš. III 218.
(OTD p. 525, ŠÜTI название насекомого (паук ?) name of an insect (spider?))

Tris. ŠDB

VUF šadapı:t n.o.a.b.; prob. a title of some kind compounded of šad (Crown Prince, prince, successor) and (VU) api:t, perhaps meaning ‘the entourage of the šad' or the like (šadapı:t was a head of a rebellious right wing). Türkü vııı (listen to me all of you, my younger brothers, sons, united clan and people) berye: šadapı:t begler yirya: tarxat buyruk begler ‘the šadapı:ts and begs on the right (or to the south), the tarxans ministers and begs on the left (or to the north)’ IS 1; Türkü amti: begler kesre: Tarduš begler Kül Čor bašlayu: ulayu: šadapı:t begler, ögre Tolls begler Apa: Tarxan bašlayu: ulayu: šada[pı:t] begler ‘now the Türkü begs, to the west the Tarduš begs, all the šadapı:ts and begs with Kül Čor at their head, to the east the Tölis begs, all the šadapı:ts and begs with Apa: Tarxan at their head’ IIN 13-14.

Dis. ŠDG

VU ?F šütük (ink, thin) Hap. leg.; no doubt like all Turkish words for ‘ink’ a l.-w. Cf. mekke:. Xak. xı šütük ‘ink’ (al-dawat) which is made from the horns of oxen and the like; šütük saka:l al-kawsac ‘having a thin (lit. watery, like ink) beard’, a metaph. use of the word Kaš. I 390.

Dis. V. ŠDL-

PUDPF šatlan- (bravery) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. šat (bravery); spelt satlan- in the MS., but as it is placed between söglün- and kartan- it must begin w. š-. In the Ar. translation ictara'ais Broc-kelmann’s emendation of the inappropriate \\\ ihtaze in the MS. Čigil xı ol bu: i:ška: šatlandı: ‘he showed bravery (ictara’a) in this affair’ Kaš. II 248 (šatlanü:r, šatlanmak).

D  šatu:la:- (satu:la:-, čatu:la:-) (chatter) see satu:la:-  (chatter)

Mon. ŠĞ

F šık (stone (measure, 2 bushels)) l.-w. fr. Chinese shih (Giles9,964; Pulley’ blank, Middle Chinese iyek), lit. ‘a stone’; asr a measure of capacity ‘ten pecks’ (tou, küri:, q.v.), conventionally 2\ bushels. Pec. to Uyğ Civ., where it is fairly common and often transcribed sik. It occurs in two contexts: (1) as a measure of capacity; (2) as a measure of land, based on the amount of seed required to sow it. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. bir šık üyür bir böz ‘one measure of millet and one (roll of) cloth’ USp. 31, 9; o.o. do. 32, 12 and several occurrences in Fatn. Arch. — tört šık yerimni ‘my land requiring 4 measures (10 bushels) of grain’ 15,4; a.o. 28, 3~4 (anuk); in this usage it alternates with ktiri:, e.g. yeti kürilig yerimni ‘my land requiring 7 pecks of grain’ 15, 3.

Dis. ŠĞL

VUF šuğlu: (garden nightshade, Solanum nigrum' (‘foxes’ grapes’)) Hap. leg.; no doubt a l.-w., perhaps Chinese. Cf. šupla:. Xak. xı šuğlu: 'inabu'l-ta'lab ‘garden nightshade, Solanum nigrum' (‘foxes’ grapes’) Kaš. I 431.

Tris. V. ŠĞL-

D šağı:la:- See čağı:la:-.

Dis. ŠĞŠ

E šakšı See sakız Uyğ. Civ.

Mon. ŠG

F šük (quiet, silent, still)quiet, silent, still’; l.-w. fr. Sogdian Swk, see Benveniste in Journal asiatique, 236, Pt. 2 (1948), p. 184. Survives only (?) in SE Tar., Türki R IV no8. Uyğ. vııı ff. Chr. ol yultuz tepremedln šük turdi ‘the star stood still without moving’ U I 6, 8-9: Bud. teme-dln šük bolup ‘becoming silent and speechless’ U II 3!, 50-1; a.o. U III 51,8: Civ. šük tur TT I 223: Xak. xı šük kalıma isket ‘a word calling for silence’; the Turks say šük tur ‘be silent’ Kaš. I 335: KB nelük šük turursen ‘why are you silent?’ 957; o.o. 1018, 3476 (kunt-): Xwar. xııı (?) šük bolup uyup turdi ‘he became silent and slept’ Oğ. 136.

Tris. ŠGR

?SD šekirtük (čekirtük ?) (nut, cracking nut) Hap. leg. as such, but one of a number of words with similar meanings beginning w. č-, which suggests that this word also originally began with č-. They seem to be Dev. N.s fr. onomatopoeic V.s, in most cases čatla:- (čatı:la:-). The closest parallel is SW Osm. čekirdek‘pip; seed; fruit-stone’. Xak. xı šekirtük al-fustuq ‘pistachio nut’ Kaš. I 507: (Čağ. xv ff. čatlağuč ‘Pistacia tere-binthus, the fruit of the terebinth tree’ San.' 205r. 8: Kom. xıv čatlawuk ‘hazel nut’ CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-fustuq wa'l-bunduq (‘hazel nut’) and all nuts that crack (al-mukassaret) četle:ylk, a word compounded from the noise which they make when cracked Hou. 8, 3: \868\ xıv (after čatla- (crack, split, break, burst, cracking sound)) hence al-bunduq is called četlewük Id. 42: Osm. xvı ff. čıtlamuk/čatlağuč/čitlenbik 'Pistacin terebinthus' TTS II 213).
868

Mon. ŠL

šal šul Hap. leg.; quasi-onomatopoeic. Xak. xı ‘a clumsy fellow’ (al-axraqu'l-yad) is called šal šul eliğlig Kaš. I 336.

Tris. ŠLŠ

F šala:šu: (fabric type) Hap. leg.; no doubt a l.-w., perhaps a Chinese phr. Xak. xı šala:šu: ‘a kind of Chinese woven fabric’ (nasîcu'l-Šîn) Kaš. I 446.

Dis. ŠMN

VUF šımnu: l.-w. fr. Sogdian $mmv, which ultimately goes back to Avestan atjrö mainyil ‘evil spirit’, Pahlavi/Persian Ahriman. In Turkish the Sogdian spelling is preserved but the Christian Sogdian form Simanu suggests that the first vowel was -1-; see W. B. Henning, Mitteliranisch’, p. 66, in Handbuch der Orientalistik, Section I, Vol. IV Iranistik, Pt. I Linguistik; Leiden-Cologne, 195$. The word is fairly common in Uyğ., meaning ‘devil, demon, evil spirit’. N.o.a.b.; cf. ye:k. Türkü vııı ff. anı:ğ kılınčlı:ğ šmnu: ‘the wicked demon’ Toy. IIlv. 2-4 (ETY /A.J78):.Man. ditto Chuas. I 18: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A šmnuğ (Acc.) M I 19, 12; a.o.o. Man. šmnu küčige kopuğ uğay ‘by the power of the devil he will be able to do everything’ M II 5, 10-11: Bud. šmnu is common; in Suv. 429, 13 (a very late MS.) apparently spelt šamnu: Civ. šurrinu (sic) yekler TT VII 28, 23 (also a late MS.).

Tris. ŠMŠ

F šamu:ša: Hap. leg.; no doubt a l.-w. Xak. xı šamu:ša: al-hulbatulladi yukal ‘edible fenugreek’ Kaš. I 446.

Mon. ŠN

F šeŋ (pint) the Chinese word sheng (Giles 9,879), a liquid measure conventionally translated ‘pint’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if in the course of trade I have deceived with balances, scales, foot and inch measures) šeŋin kavın ‘pints and one-tenth pints’ (etc.) U II 77, 26; o.o. do. 86, 43; TT I V 10, 5; Suv. 135, 9.

Dis. ŠNB

PUF šanbuty (šabnu:y) Hap. leg.; entered in the section headed fa'lad for words ending in -y, under the cross-heading B for the penultimate consonant, which confirms the spelling šanbu.y, but prob. a metathesis of šabnu.y. No doubt an Iranian l.-w., syn. w. Pe. šahnišin, Jit. ‘evening session’. Cf. kestem. Gancak xı šanbu:y ism li-diyafa yutaxxad layla (n) li-šurb hadarii min da'tea uxra ‘the word for a drinking party at night (for guests) who have come on from another party’ Kaš.

S šünük See čünük.

Dis. ŠNL

VUF šugla: Hap. leg.; no doubt a l.-w., prob. Chinese. Cf. šuğlu:. Xak. xı šugla: al-dubûb ‘the root of an esculent plant which is peeled and eaten’ (Lane); it is a plant in the Argu: country of which the root is dug up (yunbaš ašlıtlııt) and eaten Kaš. III 379.

Mon. ŠR

S šar šar (murmur, жур(чать)) (шуршать) an onomatopoeic which survives in NE Tel.; SW Osm. šar/šar šar ‘an onomatopoeic for the sound of running water’ R IV 950; Red. 110K; no doubt, as Kaš. says, a Sec. f., but not exactly syn. w. 1 čar (šar) (squander, dissipate), q.v. Xak. xı šar šar ‘an onomatopoeic (hikeya) for the sound of falling heavy rain’; also for the noise made by any liquid (meyi')\ the š- is changed from č- Kaš. I 324.

F šir See sir (beautiful, good).

F šor (salt, salty)salt, salty’; an Iranian l.-w., cf. Pe. šör, which s.i.s.m.l. as a l.-w. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yay y^sünler šor ačığ ‘let them eat salty and sour (food) in the summer’ Suv. 591, 18: Civ. TT VIII I.iz (čıvša:ğun), 19: (Xak.?) xıv Iibğ. suniQ ačığı šorı ‘the bitter, salt (taste) of the water’ R IV 1027.

Mon. ŠŠ

S 1 šı:š See 1 sı:š (like in shish-kebab “bit roast (meat)”, spit, fork, spike).

S 2 šı:š See 2 sı:š (swelling, boil).

Mon. V. ŠŠ-

S šeš- See seš-. (untie, loosen)

S šiš- See sıš-.

Dis. ŠŠD

(S)D šešüt (sešüt) (untied, loose) Dev. N./A. fr. seš- (untie, loosen); lit. 'loose, untied’. Mistranscribed šašııt by Arat, presumably owing to a false etymology fr. *sa:š-; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı KB sačım boldi sogkur tüši teg šešüt ‘my hair has become dishevelled, like a falcon’s plumage’ (and my beard withered like the summer flowers) 5639; (my hair has become withered like the summer flowers, and my beard) šešüt (like a falcon’s plumage) 5697.

Dis. V. ŠŠD-

S šeštür- See seštür-. (untie, loosen)

Dis. ŠŠG

S šišek See tišek.

Dis. V. ŠŠL-

S šešil- See sešil-.

Dis. ŠŠR

VUF šišir (mountain crystal, горный хрусталь?) no doubt a l.-w.; in Suv., II. translated it ‘crystal’ on the basis of the Chinese original. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. šišir St/w. 515, 17 (see sata:); Civ. (for... sıtır, 3 bakır I bought) sekiz šišir ‘eight crystal (crystals) (beads?)’ Fam. Arch. 19.
869

Y

Preliminary note. It can be shown by the study of Turkish loan-words in certain languages and some other evidence (see Studies, p. 124, etc.) that some words which began with y- in vııı had earlier begun with d- or n-; where such evidence is available the original initial is added in brackets after the word. Words with initial y- have undergone exceptionally large phonetic changes in modern times; in most NE languages the y- has become c-, č-, or some cognate sound, in NC, some NW languages, and SW Tkm. c- or j-, while in other languages, esp. SW Az., Osm., the y- has been elided, esp. fr. words beginning w. yi-/yi-. On the other hand in Xak. and one or two other languages a prosthetic y- was added to some words beginning w. vowels, esp. ı-/i-. There is, however, seldom any difficulty in determining the original forms of such words.

Mon. YA

1 ya: (bow (weapon)) ‘bow’ (weapon); s.i.a.m.l.g. w. some aberrant forms; NE ya, ča, čağ (Khak. ča:cax/oxča:): SE ya: NC Kır. ca:; Kzx. jak: SC Uzb. yoy: NW Kk. jay; Kaz. ceya; Kumyk jaya; Nog. yay : SW Az., Osm. yay; Tkm. ya:y. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A Man.-uig. Frag. 401, 7 (kur-): Man. TTIX 79 (2 kiriš): Bud. U 111 55, 4 etc. (kur-): Civ. TT I 162 (at-): Xak. xı ya: al-qaws ‘bow’ Kaš. III 215; o.o.1 360 (bağıŋ, etc. (about 30): KB ya ‘the constellation Sagittarius’ 140; ya ‘the bow’ (crooked, as opposed to the arrow, straight) 371 ; a.o. 65 (kur-): xııı (?) At. 462 (kur-); Tef. ya/ yay ‘bow; bow-shot’ 130-5: xrv Muh. al-qaws ya: Mel. 5, 7; 11,2; Rif. 75, 84; ditto ya:y 11, 7; 17, 4; 23, 11 (kur-); 71, 6; 79, 6 (‘Sagittarius’); 85, 95, 105,173,183: Čağ. xv ff. ya (i) kaman ‘bow’, also called yay San. 324V. 25 (quotn.); reverse entry 340V. 25: Xwar. xnr (?) ya ‘bow’, common in Oğ.: xıv ditto Qutb 63; MN 272, etc.: Kom. xıv ditto CCI, CCG\ Gr. 109 (quotns.): Kip. xııı al-qaws ya: Hou. 13, 16; 24, 7: xıv ditto Id. 90: xv al-qaws ya:y Kav. 64, 1; Tuh. 29b. 1: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) ya ‘bow’ TTS I 762; II 971; III 746; IV 821.

2 ya: (exclamation, interjection) (yah, yea, yeah, yes, yep, yup) an Exclamation or Interjection; ye means ‘O!’ in Ar. and ‘or’ in Pe.; both meanings occur in modern Turkish languages; the second, noted as early as Xak. xı KB 912, is certainly a l.-w.; the first is noted early enough to show that it is not merely an Ar. l.-w., though it may now have converged w. that word. Kaš.’s first meaning is Hap. leg. Uyğ. vııı ff. Chr. ya amti amrak oğlanlarım ‘now, O my kindly children’ UI 5,3: Xak. xı ya: harf inker ka'l--awwal ‘an exclamation signifying dissent,’ like \\\ the preceding (word, wa: q.v.) Kaš. III 215; ya:h an Exclamation (harf) meaning ‘yes (na'am); this is the answer to one who says at tut ‘hold the horse’; the respondent answers ya:h ‘yes’ III 118 (followed by a long para, regarding the status of h in Turkish, the gist of which is that it is not a Turkish sound and that in Mon.s like this it is merely an orthographical device, and in words like ü:hi:owl’ a Sec. f. of -g-); see also yamu:: xııı (?) At. ya döst ‘O friend’ 82 (and occurrences of ya ‘or’): (Čağ. xv ff. ya... (2) a word used for ‘or’ (dar maqam-i tardid), and shared with Pe. San. 324V. 27: Kip. xv imme ‘or’ is represented by ya; one says ya munu alır seg (sic) ya munu ‘are you taking this or that?’; ya is an Ar. (sic) word used by the Turks Tuh. 81 b. 2.

A native-speaking English linguist spent a mighty effort to dance around Kashgari's testimony that ya is “yes”, and G. Clauson must be given a full credit for his amazing clownade buffoonery. Unfortunately, the etymologist that can't call spade a spade turns his monumental work into an eternal monument to his own perfidy, arousing dubiety on the integrity of the scholar and his entire opus. This example of devious ingenuity calls for a closer scrutiny of cases where semantic and phonetic resemblance with Türkic word is obfuscated by drowning cognate in minutia.

S yı: See ı:, Xak. 1 ı: (vegetation, shrubbery, bush)

S yi: See yigi:, Xak. (seam, close, compact)

1 yu: (exclamation: hello, oops) Exclamation; Atalay says the word survives w. this meaning in SW xx Anat., but SDD 1548 mentions it only as meaning ‘Hi!’. Xak. xı yu: an Exclamation (harf) used by a woman when she is ashamed of something ('inda'1-istihye' tnina'1-šay’) Kaš. III 215.

PU ?F 2 yu: (juice) (juice) seems to occur (other explanations based on the assumption that the Suff. is -ı not -sı are possible) in two phr. in Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. yusın sigürgil H I 153 and (PU) tmbar yusı do. 163; a meaning ‘juice’ would suit the context, ‘suck out the juice’ and ‘the juice of tinbar’. If so prob. a Chinese l.-w.

Mon. V. YA-

*ya:- (ignite, shine, flame) See 3 yak- (ignite, burn), 1 yal- (blazed, burned, shined), 1 2 yan- (ignited shine, flame), yaru:- (bright; shine).

ye:- (? d-) (*yo:-) (eat) ‘to eat', with several metaph. and extended meanings. C.i.a.p.a.i. w. phonetic changes. The form of yemišfruit’, q.v., as a l.-w. in Hungarian suggests that the initial was originally d-, but the resemblance to Mong. ide- ‘to eat’ is prob. fortuitous. Türkü vııı keyik yeyü: (sic) tavıšğan yeyü: (sic) ‘eating gazelles and hares’ T 8: vııı ff. yaš yepeneating grass’ IrkB 17; o.o. do. 3 (sev-), 37, 4e: Man. yedimiz erser ‘if we have misappropriated’ Chuas. 113 (urunčak): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A nečeke tegi beš teŋri küčin yemeser ‘to the extent that they fail to participate in the strength of the five gods’ M I 16, 16-18; [gap] yediler ölürdiler ‘they ate and killed’ do. 20, 10: Bud. yedimiz yuŋladimiz erser ‘if we have devoured and used’ (the food, drink, and other goods of religious communities) TT IV 6, 38; yep yuŋlap (our ancestral property) U III 81, 14; nomluğ ta-yakığ ašağuda yegüde (sic) 'in partaking (Hend.) of the support of the true doctrine’ \870\ TT V 24, 52-3; o.o. U II 32, 56; III 63, 2 etc.: Civ. [gap] yemiš (so spelt) ke:re:k ‘he must eat’ TT VIII 1.19; o.o. H I 63, etc.: Xak. xı er ye:di: ‘the man eat (akala) the food' (etc.) Kaš. III 67 (ye:r, ye:me:k); ol aš ye:di: ‘he ate the food' (etc.); in Yapa:ku:, beg kišimi: ye:di: ‘the beg destroyed (ahlaka) the man’s property and despoiled it’ (atlafahu) III 249 (ye:r, ye:me:k); over 20 o.o. usually translated akala: KB ye- is common both in a lit. and a metaph. sense, e.g. bašııjni yeyür 'it will oat your head’ 164; (how many good men) yedi bu cihan ‘has this world devoured’ 279; yer sakınč ‘he will suffer anxiety’ 913; berge yer ‘he will get a beating’ 2296; o.o. 724, 966, 3522 (evin), etc. : xııı (?)At. ye' (some MSS. occasionally ye-) is common; usually lit., e.g. bašal yepeating onions’ 162; also metaph., e.g. biligsizlik İčre kanı xayr yedi ‘where could one enjoy good fortune in the midst of ignorance?’ 122; Tef. ye- ‘to eat’ 149: xıv Muh. akala ye:- Mel. ij., 18; 16, 16; 23« 5; R’f- 9*. 94> io4; al-akl ye:mek 34, 7; 119: Čağ. xv ff. ye- (-p, etc.) ye- Vel. 413 (quotn.); ye- xuurdan ‘to eat’ (also metaph.) San. 352V. 23 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı ye- ‘to eat’ 'Ali 29, etc.: xııı (?) ye- ditto Oğ. 23, etc.: xıv ye- ‘to eat’ Qutb 77; ‘to enjoy’ AİN 6e: Kom. xıv ‘to eat’ ye- CCG; Gr. (CC/ aša-): Kip. xııı akala ye:- (/aša:-) Hou. 43,9: xıv ye: kul; Perf. yedi: akala İd. 90; akala ye- Ihil. 21 v.: xv ditto ye:- Kav. 8, 16; al-akl yemek (also as a N. for ‘food’, al-ma kill) do. 62, 16; akala ye- Tuh. 5a. 11; over 10 o.o., occasionally ye-, *yo:- See yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove), yo:k (negative, having nothing), yoza:- (barren).
870

yu:- (wash) ‘to wash (something Acc.)'; s.i.a.m.l.g. w. many phonetic changes, not only in the initial but also by adding consonants, e.g. NE Khak., Tuv. čuğ-: SC Uzb.: NW Nog.: SW Tkm. yuv-: NW Kk., Kumyk juv-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. burunnı arığ yup ‘washing the nose clean’ H I 132; a.o. H II 20, 6 (ariti:): Xak. xı er tom yu:dr. ‘the man washed (ğasala) the garment’ (ete.) Kaš. III 66 (yu:r, yu:ma:k; prov.); ol to:n yu:di: ‘he washed the garment’ III 249 (yu:r, yu:ma:k): KB candın elgin yudi ‘he washed his hands of life’ 1115; a.o. 2108 (an:-): xııı (?) At. cehil yup arimaz ‘the fool, when he washes, does not become clean’ 112; o.o. 230 (ki:ŋ, etc.; Tef. yuv- (sic) ‘to wash’ 163: xıv Muh. ğasala yu:- Mel. 29, 9; 40, 19; Rif. 113, 130; al-ğasl yu:mak 35, 4; 120: Čağ. xv ff. yu- (-ğan, -p, etc.) bir nesneyi su ileyu- ‘to wash something with water’ Vel. 4i9 (quotns.); yu- (‘with -u-’) šûstan ‘to wash’ San. 347r. 13 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı yu (w)- ditto 'Ali 30: xıv yu-Qutb 84; MN 244, etc. ; yuv- Qutb 87; Nahc. 331, e: Kom. xıv ditto yu-/yuw- CCI, CCG; Gr. 128 (quotn.): Kip. xııı ğasala yu:- (-gil in error) Hou. 34, 15; 37, 1: xıv yu: ağsil\ Perf. yudi:, and in the Kit eb Beylik yuydı: Id. 90; yuy- ğasala do. 100; ğasala yuw- Bul. 6er.: xw ğasala yuw- (?) Kav. 10, 4; yu:- (?) do. 75, 2; yu- Tuh. 27a. 3: Osm. xıv ff. yu- ‘to wash’, common till xvi, sporadic thereafter TTS I 847; II 1074; III 826; IV 904 (now usually yıka-, see yayka:-).

*yü:- See yü:d-, yük.

Mon. YB

PU ya:b yo:b (trick, deceit, fraud, wheedling) Hap. leg.; see yobi:la:-. Xnk. xı ya:b yo:b al-makr iva'I-xadi'a ‘trick, deceit, fraud’; yo:b cannot be used by itself, but only in Hend. (yuzdatvac); hence the Oğuz say ol am: yo:bla:di: (sic) xada'ahu Kaš. III 142; ya:b yo:b al-xilaba wa'I-xida ‘wheedling, deceit’; one says ya:b yo:b kıldı: xada'a wa xalaba III 159; a.o. III 328 (yobula:-).

1 yap/yep (intensifying prefix, absolutely) Reduplicative Intensifying Prefix, cf. 1 ap/ep, used before words beginning w. y- ; s.i.s.m.l. There is no other trace of such a word meaning ‘round’ and Kaš. seems to have misunderstood its usage. Xak. xı yapround, circular’ (al-mudarvwar) of anything; hence one says yap yarma:k yo:k ‘I have no round dirhems (coins)’, that is perfect (i.e. unclipped, sahih) ones Kaš. III 3: KB (the enemy’s rosy cheeks) bolur yap yašıl ‘become bright green’ 2385: Čağ. xv ff. yap (‘with -p’) a Reduplicative Prefix (zevid) which is placed before certain other words to intensify their meaning, e.g. yap yašıl ‘bright green’, yap yası ‘absolutely flat’ San. 325V. 19.

2 yap (? d-) (matted wool) Hap. leg.; syn. w. yapğut, yapa:ku: (matted (joined, tangled), concealed) which are der. fr. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled), and homophonous w. that V. Xak. xı yap al-qarda ‘matted wool’; hence one says yu:g yap ‘clean and matted wool’ Kaš. III 3.

yip (whip, cord, thread, string) (whip) ‘cord, thread, string’, and the like, a thinner article than that described by 1 uruk, ba:ğ, etc. The vowel was originally -I- but became -i- fairly early (in late Uyğ., see yipke:) and is now -i- cvcrwhere. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes; SC Uzb.: SW Az., Osm. ip; Tkm. yüp. Uyğ. vııı ff. Pud. PP 41, 2-3 (egir-): Civ. yip birle yörgep ‘wrapping it round with thread’ II I 150: Xak. xı yip al-ğnzl ‘spun thread’; yip ‘the long cord (al-tazctla) with which a horse is fastened up’; and ‘cord’ (al-habl) is also called yip Kaš. III 3; over 30 o.o., including yıpığ, yıpı:ğ, usually translated al-ğazl or al-habi: KIi yinčge yip ‘a thin thread’ 748: xııı (?) Tef. VU yip 154: xıv Muh. (?) xaytu’ l-ibra ‘sewing thread’ yip (MS. yif) Rif. 159 (Mel. 60, 12 i:plik); al-habl yip (-b) 169 (only): Čağ. xv ff. yip ip Vel. 416 (quotn.): yip (‘with -p’) rismart ‘cord’ San. 347V. 29: Xwar. xııı Ip, occasionally yip ‘cord, string’ 'Ali 49: xıv yip ditto Qutb 79; Nahc. 17, ix; 214, 7: Kom. xıv ‘thread, cord’ ip CCI; Gr. 107 (quotns.): Tkm. xıv Ip al-habl; Kip. yip Id. 7: xv al-habl\p... al-xaytyip Kav. 64, 8-9; habl yip Tuh. 13a. 1 ; xayt yip 14b. 3.

VU yo:b See ya:b.

Mon. V. YB-

yap- (? d-) (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled) this V. and its der. f.s have a wide range of meanings, 'to build (e.g. a wall); to shut (a door); to cover (things); to stick (join) (things) together’, the basic connotation of which seems to be ‘to put (things) together’. There are some indications, see yapa:ku, and Mong. dabči ‘cover’; dabğur ‘doubled’ (Haenisch 30), that the initial may originally have been d-, but this is uncertain. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes; the prevailing meanings afe ‘to cover, shut, shut up’ in NE, SE, NC, and SW Tkm.; ditto, and ‘to build, complete’ in SC, NW; ‘to make, construct, do, arrange’, etc. in SW Az., Osm. Tlirkü vııı ff. IrkB 28 (1 ordu:): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A (first of all) yapdilar yaratdilar ‘they created (Hend.)’ (the tenfold heavens) M I 14, 8 (in subsequent parallel sentences yarat-, and once et- yarat- are used); Civ. yap- ‘to cover’ H II 26, no: Xak. xı er kapuğ yaptı: (MS. yapıttı:) ‘the man slammed (šafaqa) the door’; and one says er to:r yaptı: (ditto) ‘the man threw down (alqd) the net over the birds’ (etc.); and išle:r ötme:k yaptı: (ditto) ‘the woman fixed (or stuck, alsaqat) the bread in the oven’; and er ta:m yaptı: (ditto) ‘the man built (bana) a wall' Kaš. III 57 (yapa:r, yapma:k); yuvka: yapa:r taxbiz ruqdq ‘makes thin loaves’ III 33, 26; o.o. I 348 (2 kars): I 374 (sıdığ); ///208, 23 (? ; corrupt): KB yaparsen kapuğ ‘you slam the door’ 719; o.o. 1303, 6152: xııı (?) Tef. yap- ‘to construct, buiid’ (e.g. a wall) 141: xıv Muh. (?) al-tağtiya 'to cover’ yapmak Rif. 119 (only): Čağ. xv ff. yap- (‘with -p-’) both Intrans. and Trans, püštdan wa püšemdan (the grammatical analysis is directed towards the Pe. V.s, the second a Caus. f. of the first but both Trans.) ‘to put on; to cover; to hide, conceal’ and ‘to clothe, to cover, to conceal’; and nan ba-tannür časpendan 'to fix bread in the oven’ is also yap- San. 324V. 28: Xwar. xıv yap- ‘to shut (e.g. a door); to cover’ Qutb 63 (yab-); ‘to build’ do. 68 (yap-): Kom. xıv yap- ‘to cover, to shut’ CCI; ‘to make’ (in phr.) CCG; Gr. 113 (quotn.): Kip. xııı xabaza ‘to make bread’ ya:p- which also means ğalaqa'l-beb ‘to shut (a door)’ and band Hou. 34, 3; o.o. 34, 10 (ğalaqa); 37, 4 (bana): XIV yap- ğatfe (‘to cover’) wa band; and in the Kitdb Beylik aglaqa Id. 90; gallaqa yap- (-ti:) Bul. 64V.: xv yap- ğalfe Kav. 9, 3; Tuh. 27a. 12 (also örüt-); band yap- (‘with -a-’) 75, 11 (also ğafte); 8b. 2; satara (‘to conceal’) 1va ğatfe yap- 20a. 12; a.o. 27a. 2: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) yap- for ‘to shut (a door)’; common TTS I 782; II 997; III 767; IV 841.

*yav- See yavğa:n, yavn:-, yaviz.

yiv- etc. Preliminary note. There seem to be several V.s of the form y.v-, but all are excessively rare and the only ones of which the vowel is reasonably certain are *yiv- and 1 yuv- (roll, rotate). If any have survived they have become unrecognizable owing to phonetic changes.

VU yiv- (praise) n.o.a.b. in the Hend. ög- yiv-; presumably ‘to praise’ or the like. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud; elig begig ögüp yıvıp ‘praising (Hend. ?) the king’ U III 46, 13; tftijrl burxanığ öge ylva ‘praising (Hend. ?) the divine Buddha’ TT X 146-7.
871

yiv- See yivit-, yivig, yivil-.

VU 1 yov- (cheat, defraud) n.o.a.b. in the Hend. ar- yov- (2 a:r- (deceive, trick)); presumably ‘to cheat, defraud’, and the like. Cf. ya:b yo:b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A ara yova bušı alırlar ‘they obtain alms by fraud (Hend.)’ M III 29, 5 (in: Bud. arip yovup 'cheating and defrauding’ (customers with false weights, etc.) U II 77, 26 (mistranscribed); o.o. in same context do. 86, 43 (ditto); TT V 10, 5: Xak. xı (after 2 yov-) and one says ol anı: ardı: yovdı: ‘he cheated and defrauded him’ (xada'ahu wa xatalahu) Kaš. III 62 (followed by 3 yov- (share); for translation cf. ya:b yo:b).

VU 2 yov- Hap. leg. Xak. xı ešye:k yovdı: ‘the donkey ran at top speed’ ('add... ašadd 'adıvihŋ Kaš. III 62 (followed by 1 yov-).

VU 3 yov- (share) pec. to Kaš.; the quality of the vowels is uncertain; it follows 1 yov-, which in Uyğ. had back vowels, and the Infin. of this V., yovsa:-, and yovuš- are in -ma:k, but its Imperat. is given as yövgil («<:) and yövtür- and yövüšlüg have front vowels. Xak. xı (after 1 yov-) and one says er kada:šın kurdı: yovdı: ‘the man made contact with (wašala) his neighbour, and shared his wealth with him and overwhelmed him with kindness’ (wdsahu bi-mdl wa xawwalahu ni’ma) Kaš. III 62 (yova:r, yovma:k); yövgil III 172, 12 (2 ula:ğ).

1 yuv- (roll, rotate) n.o.a.b., but see yuvtur-, yuvul-; clearly the basis of SW Az., Osm. yuvarla-‘to roll, rotate’, and other cognate words. Cf. yumğa:k. Xak. xı er tobik yuvdi: ‘the man rolled (dahraca) the ball’ (etc.) Kaš. III el (yuva:r, yuvma:k; verse); alpla:r bašın ol yuwa:r (sic) ‘he rolls (yudahric) the warriors’ heads like balls’ III 393, 16; o.o. III 112, 10; 113, 4 (in a grammatical section): Osm. xıv yuvdular eski daftari ‘they have rolled up the old scroll’ TTS II 1079.

S 2 yuv- See yu:- (wash).

Dis. YBA

yava: Preliminary note. In addition to the two words listed below, Kaš. listed before them Yava: an Oğuz tribe, also called Yawa: and Ava:, this is the well-known tribal name usually spelt Yiva:; in the list of Oğuz tribes in I 56 it is spelt iva:/yiva:. Another word spelt yava meaning ‘foolishness, carelessness; foolish, carelessand the like is very common in Xak. Xi: KB 323, 339 (birtem), 359, 360-2, 987, etc.; it is obviously a l.-w. fr. Pe. yawa 'absurd, foolish, vain, futile, idle'. It also appears in XIV Muh.

(?) al-xalt 'foolish' yava: (MS. yafa) Rif. 191 (only).
872

Dis. YBA

1 yava: (onion (wild)) a plant; the most precise translation of al-turtüt is in Red. 1236 ‘a species of fungus, phallus or orohnnchc (?)’; this is prob. the original meaning, but it seems to survive in NW Kk., Kaz., Nog. yuva/yuwawild onion': SW Tkm. yuva ‘a spring plant with a rather hitter taste’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Iiud. TT V 2S, 122-3 (čiğdem): Xak. xı yava: (MS. yafa:) al-turtiit Kaš. III 24; yawa: al-turtût, ‘a plant the juice of which is used to colour (yııšbağ) noodles’; alternative form under -v- (al-fa ul-rakika) III 26; included in list of words with alternative -v-/-\v- / 84, 1: Kom. xıv ‘wild onion’ (?) yowa CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-bašal ‘onionya:wa: (also šo:ğa:n which is better known (al-ašhaŋ) Hou. 8, 15: xiv yu: (so spelt, in section w. ya:, ye:- (eat), and yu:-) al-bašal Id. 90: xv karret ‘leekyawa: Tuh. 31a. 6.

2 yava: (warm place) n.o.a.b.; perhaps homophonous w. yava:-, with which there is some semantic connection. Xak. xı yava: (MS. yafa:) ye:r al-mmvdi' 11 l-dafi mina'1-bard ‘a warm place (sheltered) from the cold’ Kaš. III 24; yawa: alternative form for the phr. yava: ye:r ‘a warm place’; I have already explained that -w- alternates w. -v- III 27.

F 3 yava See Preliminary note.

YI' yebe: Hap. Ice;.; apparently cognate to a modern Y. yibi- (/ibi-/cibi-) ‘to be moist’, with various der. f.s, of which the earliest trace seems to be in Čağ. xv ff. ibin- xisidan ‘to moisten’; ibit- Caus. f., xisanidan ‘to cause to moisten’, San. 93r. 5, and so prob. to be transcribed yebe: rather than yaba:. Oğuz xı yebe: al-ratb tca'1-nade ‘moist, moisture’ of anything Kaš. III 24.

S yapı: See yapığ.

S yuva: See 1 uya:.

Dis. V. YBA-

*yava:- See yaval-. yavaš.

yuba:- Hap. lep., but see yubat-, yubaıı-. The status of the entry in Itif.'s MS. of Muh., not part of the original text, is obscure. Not to be confused w. NE coba-/čoba-/yoba-: NC Kır. jobo- ‘to suffer, be in pain, be troubled’, which is a l.-w. fr. Mong. coho- (Haenisch 91; Kmc. 2378). Xak. xı er ı:šığ yuba:di: ‘the man neglected the matter and did not follow it up’ (ağfala... iv a lam yubrimhu) Kaš. III 86 (yuba:r, yuba:ma:k); yuba:ğu: ı:š ‘a matter which ought (alladi haqquhu an) to be neglected and not followed up’ III 36; xıv Muh. (?) matala wa dafa'a ‘to stretch out and put off’ (?) yu:ba:y- Rif. 115 (Mel. 31, 7 malala tart-): (Kom. xıv yobap ‘scarcely, with difficulty’ CCG\ Gr. is the Mong. V.).

Dis. YBC

yabča:n/yavča:n (? yavša:n) ‘wormwood, Ar-Intiisia': perhaps a l.-w. Survives in NE Tuv. časpan: NC Kzx. jusan: SC Uzb. yovšon: NW Kk. juwsan; Kumyk yuvšan; Nog. yuvsnn: SW Az. yovšan; Osm. yavšan; Tkın. yavša:n. Xak. xı yabča:n al-fth ‘wormwood’; yavča:n alternative form; the substitution of -v- for -b- is in accordance with the rule Kaš. III 37: Čağ. xv ff. yawšan (spelt) dirtttana-i türki ‘wormwood’, in Ar. ših (quotn. and note on the way in which it is used) San. 34or. 21 ; a.o. 259 V. 22 under šıbak syn. Mong. l.-w.: Kip. xııı al-ših yawša:n Hou. 0, 4: xv ditto Tub. 2ra. 5: Osm. xıv ff. yavšan ‘wormwood’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 799; If 1016; and see yipa:r.

Dis. V. YBC-S

yapčın-/yavčın- See yapšın-, S yapčur- See yapšıır-.

Dis. YBD

E yaptač See yapğuč.(lid, cover)

Dis. V. YBD-

D yapıt- (? d-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled), cf. yaptur-, yapur- (conceal). Uyğ. vııı ančıp (?)[köj-čgen Soğfdjak Tavğačka: Selerjede: Bay balık yapıtı: bertim ‘so I had Bay Balık built on the Selenga for travelling Sogdians and Chinese’ Su. IV 5 (first three words much damaged, rest deaŋ.

S yavut- See yağut-, D yivit- Caus. f. of ’ yiv- ; pec. to Uyğ. Bud., and used only in the phr. yivig yivit- ‘to supply equipment’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Hud. (completing tasks which are difficult to perform) iki törlüg yiviglerin egsüksüz yivitip (MS. lyivetip) ‘equipping (yourselves) completely with the two kinds of equipment’ Suv. 429, 6-7; a.o. TT V, 35, 5.

D yubat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of yuba:-; Kaš.'s etymology is unconvincing. There does not seem to be any connection between this V. and one meaning ‘to comfort, consolc (esp. a child)’, NC. Kır. jııbat-; Kzx. juwat-: SC xix Uzb. cuwat- Vain. 279: NW Kar. L. yubat-/yuvat-/yuvut- Kow. 205-6; Kk. jubat-; Kumyk yibat-; Nog. yubat-, which is syn. w. avit- and might perhaps be a corruption of it. Xak. xı ol ı:šığ yubatti: ‘he had the affair neglected (ağfala) and urged others to neglect it’ ('ale iğfelihŋ; its origin is ‘deceit’ (al-xada); the Oğuz sav ol anı: yobı:-la:dı: xada'ahu Kaš. II 315 (yubatu:r, yubatma:k).

D yaptur- (? d-) Caus. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); s.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes; cf. yapıt-, yapur- (conceal). Xak. xı ol agar kapuğ yapturdi: ‘he ordered him to shut and slam (bi-radd... 7ca safqihŋ the door’; and one says ol agar ta:m yapturdi: ‘he commissioned him to build (kallafahu'bi-bina) a wall’; and ol agar etme:k yapturdi: ‘he made him bake (axbazahu) bread’ Kaš. III 93 (yapturur, yapturma:k): xııı (?) Tef. yaptur- ‘to order to build’ (a wall) 142: xıv Muh. radda'1-beb ‘to shut a door’ (sic) kapı: yapdur- Mel. 26, \\ 9; kapuğ yapdur- (MS. yatıdur-) Rif. 109: Osm. xvı yapdur- ‘to order to shut’ (the city gates); in one text TTS IV 842.

Dis. YBĞ

D yuvtur- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 yuv- (roll, rotate). Xak. xı ol tobik yuvturdi: ‘he urged him to roll (an dahraca) the ball’ Kaš. III 96 (yuvturur, yuvturma:k).

VUD yövtür- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 3 yov- (share); this entry comes between yığtur- and yuvtur- and the spelling is chaotic. Xak. xı ol kada:šır>a: ne:ŋ yövtürdi: (MS. yığturdt:) ‘he urged him to share his property (bi'I--muwasat) with his neighbour or kinsman’ (awi'l-axihŋ Kaš. TII 96 (yövtürür, yövtürme:k; MS. y.ftürür, y.ğt.rme:k).

Tris. YBD

yabi:tak of a horse, ‘bare-backed, not saddled’. Survives in several NE languages as yabıdak/čabıdak/čawdak; Khak. čabdak; Tuv. čavıdak. No obvious etymology, perhaps a l.-w. Xak. xı yabirtak at ‘a horse which has neither a saddle nor a saddlecloth on it’; hence one says ol atığ yabirtak mündh a'raıvre'1-faras ‘he rode the horse bare-backed’ Kaš. III 48; er atın yabi:tak mündi: ‘the man rode his horse barc-backed (mu'rawrtyn (n)) without a saddle or felt on it’ III 177; both main entries.

Dis. YBĞ

D yapığ (? d-) (building, edifice, cover, lid) Dev. N. fr. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); with a wide range of meanings; s.i.s.m.l., e.g. SW yapı Osm. ‘building, edifice’; Tkm. ‘cover, lid’. The cognate form yapuk w. Suff. -uk (Pass.), not noted in early texts, also survives, e.g. SW Tkm. yapık ‘covered’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yapığ as a Bud. technical term means ‘attachment’ (to this world, etc.); five good and five bad ‘attachments’ are mentioned in Suv. 704, 13 ff., see TT VI. p. 67, g ff.; beš yapağ (Uyğ.-A form) ctözüm yerke yapıšıp ‘the live attachments which attach my body to the earth’ U 111 37, 33-4: ČfgH xı yapi: at--mitara ‘horse-blanket’ Kaš. III 24: Xak. (?) xıv Muh. al-ğöšiya ‘saddle-housing’ eyer ya:puğı: Mel. 71, 12 (Rif. 173 al-ğöšiya and yağırlık, q.v., have both fallen out of the MS. and this phr. translates the Ar. meaning of the latteŋ; al-cull ‘horse-blanket’ <at?) ya:puğı: 71, 14; 174; al-bina ‘a building’ ya:puğ (-b-) 75, 13; 178: Čağ. xv ff. yapuğ/yapuk (1) pûšîda ‘covered, hidden’ (quotns.); (2) pûšišT ‘a covering’ over anything in general (quotns.) and ‘a woman's veil’ (niqab tea burqu) in particular (quotns.) San. 32er. 7 (and see yapa:ku: (matted (joined, tangled), concealed)): Kom. xıv ‘horse-blanket, saddle-cover’ yaboğ CCI; Gr. 109 (quotn.): Osm. xvı ff. yapuk (xvııı yapık) ‘saddle-cover’ TTS I 781; IV 842: xvııı yapu in Rümi, bind" tea ases-i 'imerat ‘a building, the foundation of a structure’ San. 32er. 6.

D yuvuğ Dev. N. fr. 1 yuv- (roll, rotate); pec. to Kaš. Xak. xı yuvuğ (MS. yavuğ?) ‘boulders of rock’ (ctdtmld faxŋ which a torrent carries down \\ from its upper reaches; also used when a man or a bear walks on the top of a mountain and boulders (displaced) by their walking roll down (yatadahrac) and fall to the bottom of the valley Kaš. III 13; yuwuğ alternative form (luğa) of yuvuğ ‘boulders which a torrent rolls down’ (yudahric) III 164.
873

PUF yabğu: a title of great antiquity, certainly going back to the Yiieh-chih, that is before the Christian Era, which has frequently been discussed by historians of Central Asia (for some refces. see Caf., p. 226). In the Türkü period it was, like šad, q.v., a title conferred by the xağan on close relatives and normally carried with it the duty of administering part of the xağan's dominions. Although the yabğu: is sometimes mentioned before the šad he prob. ranked below rather than above him. After the Türkü period the title seems to have lost some importance and Kaš. describes it as two ranks below the xağan, that is below the yuğruš ‘vizier’, q.v.; by this time the title šad had disappeared. 7'he word is spelt yavğu: in Xak.; the pronunciation in Türkü is uncertain owing to the ambiguity of the Runic alphabet, but as it is spelt lapgu (in the Hephthalite version of the Greek alphabet) on a coin attributed by Ghirshman to a Western Türkü ruler of the mid-seventh Century (see H. Ghirshman, Les Chionites-Hephtalites, Cairo, Institut frančais d’Archeologie orientale, 1948, p. 50) it was prob. yabğu:. It survived as the title of the supreme ruler of the Oğuz of the Aral Sea area until the tenth century, but most references to it are in non-Turkish (Chinese, Ar., Pe., etc.) texts. The Turkish refces. are assembled below. Türkü vııı (at the beginning of his reign Elteris Xagan organized his realm and inter alia) yabğu:ğ šadığ anta: birmiš ‘then appointed the yabğu: and the šad’ I E 14, II E 12; el etmiš Yabğu: oğiı: (VU) Išvara: Tamğan Čor Yabğu: înhsı: ‘son of El-etmiš Yabğu: and younger brother of Išvara: Tamğan Čor Yabğu:’ Ongin 4; o.o. II E 28 (šad); T 41-2: Uyğ. vıw [gap] Tay Bilge: Totokığ yabğu: ata:di: ‘he nominated Tay Bilge: Totok as yabğu:' Šu. N 11-12; a.o. do. E 7 (šad): xıv in the long mid-xiv petition USp. 22 (better text in R. Arat, Uygurca Yazılar Arasında, İstanbul, 1937) üne 12 (20) (in the reign of Kibek (?) Xan) Yabğu Beg kalan kesip ‘when Yabğu (so spelt) Beg assessed the land tax’: Xak. xı yavğu: laqab man kena ba'da'l--xaqan bi-daracatayn mina’l-sftqa ‘the title of a subject who is two ranks below the xaqan’ Kaš. III 32 (followed by Yavğu: the name of a town near Barsğen, and a pass near it is called Yavğu: Art): KB (in a passage about the high ranks which people can receive) kayu yavğu yuğruš bolur 61 begi ‘some become yavğu, or yuğruš (‘vizier’), or el begi (‘headman of a province’ (?)) 4069; a.o. 5523 (böke:).

yuvğa:, yuvka: (slender, insubstantial) Preliminary note. Kaš. distinguishes between these two words, placing the first under the cross-heading ö and the second \874\ under the cross-heading K, but in other passages the second is spelt yuvğa:.
874

Dis. YBĞ

yuvğa: (bastard) n.o.a.b.; al-da'i means both ‘bastard’ and ‘adopted son’; but the meanings of yuvğad-, yuvğalan- suggest that the first is intended here. Xak. xı yuvğa: (MS. ytıfğa:) al-da'i Kaš. III 32: KB bayusa baš egmez bodun yuvğası ‘base-born people, when they prow rich, cease to be respectful 5523.

yuvka: (slender, insubstantial)slender, insubstantial’, and the like; al-daqiq and al-raqiq, both used to translate this word, are practically syn., and hard to distinguish in some places. S.i.a.m.l.g., in SE Türki jupka: SC Uzb. yupka: SW Az. yuxa; Osm. yufka; Tkm. yu:ka, elsewhere yuka/yukka/yuğa/čuka/čuğa and the like. Türkü vııı yuyka: ‘thin’ T 13 (učuz; the word is quite clear on the stone, but y and V are much alike in Runic script and this is almost certainly a mason’s error for yuvka:): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (of a gift, deprecatingly) az yuka (sic) ‘scanty and meagre’ Hüen-ts. 2029: Civ. yuka (sic) kadiz ‘thin cinnamon bark’ II I 107: Xak. xı yuvka:thin’ (al-daqiq) of anything; in a prov. yuvka: yapa:r taxbiz ruqaq ‘bakes thin loaves’; yupka: alternative form (luğa) for the -v-, the -preplacing it as in Ar. usruflusruby )n (lšVül)al maštafa; (? c.) penid, when arabicized, becomes fenid Kaš. III 33; o.o. of yuvka: (MS. yufka:) II 350 (kalna:d-); 111 204, 12 (yuvkalan-); 302 (kalnu:-); o.o. of yuvğa:; yuvğa: yağı: ‘the straŋgling (al-nekib) enemy’ II6, 3; 294, 25 (yomğı:); III 80, 21 (suvla:-); yuvka: bolup ka:l ‘stay in a state of madness’ (al-cunün) 156, 13: (under the heading faıc'al) yuwğa: al-xubzu'l-muğaddan ‘puff pastry’ 111 27; o.o. I 433 (katma:); 111 25 (yala:, spelt yuğa:); 35 (yaîa:či:); 34 (yarma:): KB 4610 (sırıčğa:): Čağ. xv ff. yupğa (spelt) nezik 7ca raqiq ‘thin, slender’ San. 341 r. (quotn.); yuka shorter form of yupğa nezik, and metaph. ‘a kind of thin loaf’ (nen-i tangŋ which they make very thin and bake on a girdle 344r. 1: Kom. xıv ‘thin’ yoğa CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-ruqeq yupka: (-b-) etmek Hou. 16, 2; al-šandalat yupka: (-b-) čuz that is ‘thin satin’ (atlas raqiq) 19, 7; a.o. 27, 19:xv xafif ‘light, insubstantial’ (yegil/) yuka Tuh. 14a. 7: Osm. xıv yuxa ‘thin’ (cloud); in one text TTS II 1073.

D yapğuč (? d-) (lid, cover) N.I. fr. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); ‘lid, cover’, and the like; survives in NE Khak. čapxıs: NW Kk. japkıš; Kaz. yapkıč; Nog. yapkıš. Cf. kapak, kapğak. Xak. xı yapğuč (yaptüč in the printed text is an error) ‘a small felt hood (lubeda) which shepherds wear in the rain’; yapğuč ‘a slender stick (al-qadib) used for driving donkeys, etc.’ Kaš. III 38 (the second meaning is hard to connect semantically): Kom. xıv ‘cover, lid’ yapkıč CC7; Gr.

D yapğut (? d-) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); more or less syn. w. 2 yap, yapa:ku: (matted (joined, tangled), concealed). Xak. xı yapğut al-hašiya wa’l-qarda ‘a stuffing or matted mass of hair or wool’ Kaš. III 38.

D yapğa:k (? (? -) (yappy-yappy) Dev. N. (connoting repeated action) fr. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); prob. Hap. leg.; SW Osm. yapak ‘wool in the fleece’ is prob. a shorter form of yapa:ku: (matted (joined, tangled), concealed), not a later form of this word. Xak. xı yapğark ‘a kind of trap (or net, al-fuxilx) for catching birds’ Kaš. III 42.

D yavğa:n Dev. N./A. (connoting repeated action) fr. *yav-; survives in SW Az., Osm. yavan ‘plain, dry (food) without fat or oil’. The meaning in Uyğ. is less obvious, it generally relates to mental processes and seems to mean ‘coarse, unsympathetic’, or the like. Uyğ. VIII the phr. irig yavğan qualifying kögül or kögüllüg occurs several times alternating w. irig sarsığ, see sarsığ, e.g. (the Buddha has made good and mild) İrig yavğan kögüllüg yek ičgeknig kögülin ‘the minds of the harsh and coarse-minded demons (Hend.)’ TT X 13-14; o.o. do. 269, 278; TM IV 254, 89-90; U III 17, 11-13 (taya:ğu:) — yavğan turma ‘offerings of plain food’ Suv. 26, 19 (1 turma:): Xak. xı yavğn:n aš ‘food (al-ta'em) which contains no meat’ (lahm) Kaš. III 37: Čağ. xv ff. ya\vğan uvtılımš ve yincelenmiš ‘pounded and crushed’ in the sense of yavan yemek Vel. 409 (quotn.); yawğan (spelt) ma lail-i xeliš hi edem ‘simple food without seasonings’ San. 34or. 24 (same quotn.)

Dis. V. YBĞ-

D yuvğa:d- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr. yuvğa:; MS. yufğad-. Xak. xı oğla:n yuvğattı: ‘the boy was shameless and ill-mannered’ (macuna... wa 'aruma); originally yuvğa:dtı: but assimilated Kaš. II 354 (yııvğatu:r, yuvğatma:k).

Tris. YBĞ

D yapa:ku: (d-) (matted (joined, tangled), concealed) morphologically obscure (-ku: is not a recognized Suff.) but obviously connected w. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled) and 2 yap, w. which it is more or less svn., and perhaps a Dev. N. fr. *yapa:- a Den. V. fr. the latter. It seems originally to have meant ‘matted hair, or wool’ (cf. yapğut) and hence ‘an animal whose hair has grown long and matted’ and, more specifically, ‘a colt’, and ‘a man whose hair is long and matted’, hence perhaps its use as a tribal name. It became a First Period ].-w. in Mong. as da'ağa (n) ‘two-year-old colt’ (Haenisch 30; dağa in Kow. 1570, Haltod 445); the connection w. Mong. dağaki ‘a tangle or mass of hair’ (Haltod 445; w. Den. V. listed there and in Kow. 1581) is obscure. It survives as yapağı in SW Az. ‘the spring shearing of hair or wool’; Osm. (also yapak) ‘wool in the fleece’; and as yapağı in SW Tkm.; yabağa/ yabağı/čabağı/jabağı, etc. in most NE, NC, NW languages, for ‘colt’, the ages (from ‘newly bom’ to ‘two-year-old’) varying fr. language to language, see Shcherbak, p. 92. Xak. xı Yapa:ku: ‘a tribe (cil) of the Turks’; yaparku: ‘a thick mass (al-qarda) of wool or hair on the head’; (at\d> when it has become matted (iltabada) one says yapa:ku: boldi:; Yapa:ku: suvi: the nan\e of a river which \875\ flows to ('ale) özcend' and Farğena from the mountains of Kešğar Kaš. III 36 (the Yapa:ku: (hitherto transcribed Yaba:ku:) tribe, and words in its dialect, are mentioned elsewhere in Kaš.)\ Čağ. xv ff. yapağ/yapak (‘with -p-’) kura-i ash šir-xwera ‘an unweaned colt’ San. 325V. 22: Xwar. xıv yapağu koy ‘a sheep with a thick fleece’ Qutb 63 (-b-): Kip. xııı al-cazza mina'1-šüf 'a shearing of wool’ yapa:ğu: (MS. in error baya.ğu:) Hou. 15, 5:xv wabar ‘soft hair’ (of the camel, etc.) yapak (-b-) Tuh. 38b. 2 — hawliyu’l-xayl ‘a one-year-old colt’ yapağlı (sic, -b-) do. 13a. 1: Osm. xvııı yapağ/yapak... and, in Rumi, pašm-i narm ‘soft wool’, in Ar. šûf San. 325V. 22.
875

Dis: YBG

D yapığlığ (? d-) P.N./A. fr. yapığ; s.i.s.m.l. in various forms and meanings. Xak. xı yapığlığ kapuğ ‘a bolted (muğlak) door’ Kaš. III 49: Kom. xıv ‘fitted with a cover’ yabovli CCG; Gr.

D yapa:kulak (joined or concealed ear, owl (type)) in Kaš. this word in both meanings is described as peculiar to the Yaparku: and Yemerk dialects, which makes it fairly certain that it is a Dev. N./A. fr. a Den. V. fr. Yaparku: as a tribal name, meaning lit. (a disease or bird) ‘peculiar to the Yapa:ku: country’. This would explain why it has two quite different meanings, the first Hap. leg., the second not a generic term for ‘owl’, which is ügi:, q.v., but the name of some particular kind of owl, not always the same. In the first entry the ya carries a dantma, but this is an obvious error since with this spelling it should have followed the second. Survives meaning ‘owl’, of no specified kind except where stated, in NE Bar. yapkulak R III 267; Koib. yaba:kulak do. 273; Tob. yabalak 277: SE Tar., Türki yapalak ‘short-eared owl, Otus brachyotus' Shaw 215, etc.: NW Kk., Nog. japaiak; Kaz., Krim, Kumyk yabalak ‘great owl, Bubo maximus': SW Az. yapalağ; Osm. yapalak ‘great owl’. Yapa:ku:, Yeme:k xı yaparkulak al-ri'da mina'l-humma ‘feverish shivering, ague’; yapa:kulak al-hema mina'l--fayr ‘owl’ Kaš. III 5e: Čağ. xv ff. yapalak (‘with -p-’) ‘a yellow bird with large eyes’; the author of the Burhen-i Qati' says that in Pe. it is called cağna, arabicized as cağnaq (same meaning) San. 325V. 25 (prob. ‘great owl’): Kom. xıv ‘screech-owl’ yabalak CCI', Gr.-. Kip. xııı al-büm ‘the great owl’ yabala:k Hou. 10, 8: xıv (under ‘birds’) al-maššeša wa'l- (VU) tvaraš ‘screech-owl’ ditto (vocalized yiblak) Bul. 12, 2 — yabalak 'uryen (this word, der. fr. 'ariya, means ‘naked’; if it could be taken as a non-Classical der. f. fr. 'are ('ariwa) ‘to shiver’, it might be linked to Kaš.'s first meaning; but it is likelier to be a quite different word or corrupt) Id. 91: xv maššeša yablak Tuh. 33b. 7: Osm. xvı Pe. cuğd ‘owl’ translated bay kuš, also called ügü and yapalak; in one dict. TTS IV 839.

Tris. V. YBĞ-

D [y]uvgalp;- Ščč yağıd-.\\\

D yuvğalan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Deh. V. fr. yuvğa:. Xak. xı oğlarn yuvğalandı: ‘the boy was ill-natured’ (’aruma) Kaš. III 203 (yuvğalanu:r, yuvğalanma:k).

D yuvkalan- Refl. Den. V. fr. yuvka: (slender, insubstantial); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol maga: yuvkalandi: tamallaqa li wa xada'a ‘he flattered and tried to soften me’ Kaš. III 203 (yuvkalanu:r, yuvkalanma:k); in III 204, 7 er yuvka-landi: ‘the man flattered’ is given as an example of a Refl. Den. V. der. fr. a quadri-literal letter word (al-rubar) in which the fourth letter (the alif of yuvka: (slender, insubstantial)) is elided before attaching the Suff. (in all cases the MS. has -/- for -V-).

D yavğanlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. yavğa:n. Xak. xı er ašığ yavğanlandı: ‘the man reckoned that the food contained no meat (bi-ğayr lahm) and felt starved (šera qatin) after eating it’ Kaš. III 116 (yavğan-lanu:r, yavğanlanma:k).

Dis. YBG

D yivig Dev. N. (Conc. N.). fr. *yiv-; ‘equipment’ and the like; generally used in association w. yivit-. Pec. to Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. and discussed at length in TT V, p. 34, note B 103, where it is tentatively (but wrongly) transcribed yivek, and rightly identified as a translation of Sanskrit sambhera, ‘supplies’ for the body or soul, food, wisdom, etc.' Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (faith) atlığ yolluğ kılmaknig yivigi tetir ‘is called the instrument for making (a man) famous and having the (right) way’ TT V 26, 103; yİvİgin tizigin kemišip ‘throwing away their equipment and (breaking) their ranks’ Suv. 642, 3-4; o.o. do. 354, 1-3 (buyanlığ); 429, 6-7 (yivit-) etc.: Civ. TT VII 38 is a fragment of a text listing the inauspicious days for various activities; (after a list of days) bular yüvig (sic) kelmiš yavız künler ol ton bıčsar ol ton birlen ök adalar ‘these are the inauspicious days for the coming of equipment (P); if one cuts out a garment, there are dangers with the garment’ lines 8-11; the next section deals with days for titig kılğu ‘making mud’ (for building houses ?).

PU?D yübük Hap. leg.; spelt yüb’ük, or possibly yübnük; perhaps a Pass. Dev. N./A.; a meaning like ‘moist’ or ‘well-cultivated’ seems to be required. Cf. yebe:. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A (just as fire ignites dry wood, and fish swim in water, and) kaltı uruğ evin yübük yerde örerče ‘as grain and seed spring up in moist (or well-cultivated?) ground’ M I 17, 14-16.

D yipke: Hap. leg.; Dim. f. in -ke: (noted only in this word and sigirke:) fr. yip. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit tantu ‘thread’ Sit)Irke:« le:ri yipke:le:ri TT VIII F.14.
876

Dis. YBG

PU yipgil (Hap. leg.)/yipgin originally prob. ‘violet-coloured’ or ‘purple’, but sometimes used to translate Chinese hung ‘red’ (Giles \876\ 5,270). The oldest form of the word is yipin/yipün, and, as in these dialects a -g- could not have been elided, it seems likely that this is the original form, that it was a l.-w. (since there is no obvious Turkish etimolopy for it), and that the longer forms result fr. efforts to give it a more Turkish look. The Den. Suff. -gil forms N./A.s associated w. colour (see Studies, p. 148); there is no Den. Suff. -gin; both -gil and -gin are Dev. Suffs., but have no such associations. I'he latest recorded forms of the word are NW Kar. T. ipkin ‘scarlet, purple’ Kow. 195; L. yipkinli ditto R III 530. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yürüıj yipin öglüg yaruk yašuk ‘a light violct-coloured lipht (Hend.)’ TT V 4, 12; yipün linxwa ‘a violet-coloured lotus’ TT X 213; U IV 30, 52; Suv. 347, 10; yipüni yürürji Suv. 651, 1-2; the form yiipün occurs several times in Maitrisimit, see TT V, p. 14, footnote 1 (in all these passages the meaning may be ‘red’): Civ. yipgin orduluğ ‘having a violet palace’ TT VII 13, 45 (Chinese parallels make this meaning certain); a.o. II II 14, 126 (the TT VU text is dated a.d. 1202): xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. tzii ‘purple’ (Giles 12,329) šipgin (sic) f.igeti 198; R IV 1077 (this is prob. based on a mistake in the Chinese representation shih--kin (Giles 9,951 2,0iq); in transcribing, foreign words this shift is often substituted for the similar and syn. character i/yi (Giles 5,533) which is shift w. a radical attached): Xak. xı yipgil to:n ‘a purple (urcmvemyul-lazvn) garment’; the -1 is changed fr. -n Kaš. III 46; yipgin to:n taivb uremenn; luğa fi'1-lem ‘alternative to yipgil’ III 47; yipgi:n ne:ŋ ‘a darkish-coloured (al-athamîyu'I-lawn) thing’ Iff 37; a.o. 7 395, 4; (after yelim and the cross-heading N and before yatan; VU) yipün (MS. in error bey.n) al-ahmaru'l--nttıšba', wafnea kul! (šay'} 'ala lawni’I-saqayiq ‘dark red, that is anything the colour of peonies’; prov. kılnu: bilse: kızıl kede:r, yara:nu: bilse: yašıl (read yipün) kederr translated ‘if a woman knows how to be coquettish and flirt she wears a red silk (dress), and if she knows how to blandish and be witty (husna'l-tamalluq wa'l-latafa) she wears a purple (areınvenŋ silk (dress)' Ilf 20: KB (the dry trees have put on preen, and adorned themselves with) yipün al sarığ kök kızıl ‘pr scarlet, yellow, green, and red’ 67: x [lacuna] ’ '?) lawmi'l-xitmi ‘the colour of the [lacuna] yepü:n (MS. bebu:n) Rif. 168 [lacuna] ' ff. epgin (‘with -p-’) nax-i [lacuna] "'ric’ (quotns.), also pro- [lacuna] 7v. 13; reverse entry ’ [lacuna] ipkin CCI; Gr.

[lacuna] \\\

Dis. YBL

YU yowlač (fine goat’s hair) Hap. lop.; under the heading fawal; the second vowel seems to be meant for & fatha rather than a hasra ; if so, prob. a l.-w. with the rare, ?foreign, Suff. -lač. Xak. xı yowlač al-tnir'izzi ‘fine goat’s hair' Kaš. III 27.

D yavla:k (bad, evil, excessively) apparently Dev. N./A. fr. a Den. (j^) V. fr. *yav, homophonous w. *yav-, with a dear semantic connection w. yaviz; basically it meant ‘bad, evil’, but by extension it sometimes came to mean practically ‘excessively’; its semantic history is therefore parallel to that of anığ, q.v. Very common in the early period but not noted later than xvi. Türkü vııı yav-lak occurs nine times iıı I and II meaning ‘bad’, sometimes with a hint of‘inadequate’ or ‘inefficient’; in f S 7, IIN 5 there is an antithesis between yavlak ağı: (treasure, silk brocade) ‘bad (or inadequate) treasures’ (gifts) and edgü: ağı: (treasure, silk brocade); in I E 5, II E 6 good xagans were succeeded by biligsiz... yavlak xagan ‘ignorant... and bad (inefficient) .rağans’ with biligsiz... yavlak buyruk (‘ministers’); similar connotation in I E 23, II E 19, 20; in I E 26, IIE 21 yavlak yaviz bodun seems to mean ‘people in a bad way’ (with no food or clothing); similar connotation in I E 39; ff E 30; I N 7, 11: vııı ff. the omens in IrhB are classified as edgü:, anığ edgü:, yavlak (less often yaviz), anığ yavlak ‘good, very good, bad, very bad’; yavlak čulvu: ‘evil blasphemy’ Toyok IIIv. 4-6 (ETY II 178): Man. yavlak eš tüšjevil associates’ Chuas. 197; o.o. do. 50-1 (anığ); M I 5, 10 (arığsız): Uyğ. vııı yavlak sakınıp ‘contemplating evil’ Šıı. N 11; yav-lakin üčün ‘because of the wickedness’ (of certain people) do. E 5: vııı ff. Man.-A yavlak irü ‘a bad omen’ M I 35, 3: Man. üč yavlak yol ‘the three evil ways’ TT ff 16, 22; ffl 149; IX 47; M ///44, 4 (in: Bud. yavlak ‘bad, evil’ is common, e.g. edgü yavlak bulsar ‘if (we) find good or evil’ PP 30, 2-3; oğul kılmčı yavlak üčün ‘because his son’s behaviour was bad’ do. 30, 4-5; o.o. U Iff 60, 7 (ı); IV 22, 285; TT'VIII A.31 (kavzatıl-); O.4, etc. — yavlak katığ ünln ‘with a very stronp voice’ U IV 8,8; TT X 362; o.o. U IV 34, 67, etc. (alakır-): Civ. TT I 39 (alta:-): Xak. xı yavlak kiši: al-insanu’l-wa'iru'l--xulq ‘a man with a difficult character’ (Oğuz/Kip. meaning follows here; verse); yavla:k sarığ the name of an amir (beg); yavla:k basically means ‘strong, extreme’ (al-šadid) of anything; one says yavla:k katığ yığač xašab šulb šadid cidda (u) ‘an extremely hard bit of wood’ Kaš. ffl 43; the Turks say edgü: yavla:k; ‘good’ is edgü:, yavla:k ‘bad’ (al-radt) is used only in association (muzda-wica (n)) with edgü: and not by itself; the Oğuz use it by itself 7 432, 23; yavlak yağtğ ■ kačurğa:n tarred 1H-'uddtihi ‘constantly routing his enemies’ 7 516, 2; o.o. 7 177, 14; 519» ’ 3; 77 74, 12; 204, 15: KB yavlak ‘bad, evil’, and the like is common; e.g. bodun tili yavlak [lacuna]’s tongues are evil (i.e. malicious)’ 194; [lacuna] neŋ ol ‘what a bad thing ... is’ \877\ 1179; yavlak yağı 2692, 3591; o.o. 1534-7, 4651, etc.: xııı (?) KBPP bu kiteb yavlak 'aziz turur ‘this book is very precious’ 2, 8-9; Tef. yavlak is used both to qualify N.s, ‘violent’ (rain), ‘strong’ (magic), and to qualify Adjs., ‘extremely’ (great, good, etc.), and V.s, yavlak kork- ‘to be very much afraid’ 131: xıv Rbğ. yavlak ‘extremely’ qualifies Adjs. and V.s R III 297: Čağ. xv IT. yawlak (spelt) ‘a place in which there are many enemies’, i.e. dušmanisten; Farreği translated it 'acab ıva bî-ğeyat ‘extraordinary, unlimited’ San. 34or. 26; it is'also quoted in 317V. 4 as a word carrying the suffix -lak (this theory, and the mistranslation, are based on the delusion that it was derived fr. yaw, a Čağ. Sec. f. of yağı: ‘enemy’): Oğuz/Kıp. xı yavla:kal-radi ‘bad, wicked’ of anything Kaš. III 43: Xwar. xııı yawlak/yawla ‘extremely’ 'Ali 12, 54 : xıv yavlak ‘extremely’ qualifies Adjs. and V.s Qutb 75; Nahc. 106, 13: Kip. xıv yawlak (some MSS. yowlak) cidda (n) ‘extremely’; they say yawlak körklü: dür ‘he is extremely handsome’ Id. 99 (and see oğla:k); (among the names of God) al-'aztm ‘Mighty’ yawlak Bul. 2, 9; cidda (n) yawlak (vocalized yir.lak) do. 16, 3: (xv see ağla:k): Osm. xıv to xvı yavlak ‘extremely’ is common till xv and occurs twice in xvı TTS I 797; II 1015; III 982; IV 857.
877

Dis. V. YBL-

y.v.l- Preliminary note. The vocalization of V.s of this form in the MS. of Kaš. is chaotic, but semantic considerations seem to require that they should be arranged as below.

D yaval- (tamed, calmed, quietened) Pass. f. of *yava:- (cf. yavaš); ‘to be tamed, calmed, quietened’, and the like. N.o.a.b. See yavaltur-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit [gap]ecarya ya:va:lmıšla:rmg ba:xšısı ‘the teacher of those who have been calmed (?)’ TT VIII F.4; sıdačı siz karnın yavalmıš yatlarığ translates a Chinese phr. meaning 'you destroy the strangers (i.e. non-Buddhists) who wear a metal protection over their stomachs’; the two are hard to reconcile unless the Uyğ. translator took the phr. to mean ‘you destroy the strangers who have been subdued by their stomachs’ (i.e. bodily desires) Hüen-ts. 2063-4: Xak. xı (after yığıl- and before yuvul-) oğla:n yavaldi: (MS. yo-vuldi;?) sukkina'1-šabî min da'aratihi ‘the boy was quietened down from his naughtiness’ Kaš. III 80 (yavalu:r, yavalmark; MS. yov.lu.r, y.vılma:k); yağı: andın yavaldumat (MS. yav.ldumat) sakıma ğayzu’l-'adü minhti ‘as a result the fury of the enemy became quiet’ I 397, 7; katığ yağı: yavalsu:n (MS. yuvtlsum) hatte yalına'I- adfiwu'l-šadid ‘so that the violent enemy may be tamed’ I 441, 11: (Čağ. xv ff. yuwul- (spelt) šata šudan ‘to become weak’ San. 347V. 7, perhaps a Sec. f. of this V.).

D yapıl- Pass. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); s.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes and range of meanings as yap-. Xak. xı kapuğ yapuldi: (sic) ‘the door was slammed’ (insafaqa), also used of

877

anything when it has been closed (or stopped up, insadda) Kaš. III 76 (yaplu:r (Isic), yapulma:k): KB (how can I serve your master?) yapılmıš turur kor maga bu kapuğ ‘this door is closed to me’ 4003: Cağ. xv ff. yapıl- (spelt) pûšlda šudan ‘to be covered, concealed’ San. 325r. 16 (quotns.): Osm. xıv ff. yapıl- (of a door) ‘to be shut’; common to xvi, sporadic later; xvı (of haiŋ Jto be matted’, in one text TTS I 781; II 996; III 766; IV 840; xvııı yapıl-... and, in Rumi, saxta šudan ‘to be made’ San. 325r. 16.

VUD yivil- (ripe, mature, peak, summit) Pass. f. of *yiv-; the main entry follows yuvul-, so that -i- might be expected, and the meanings fit w. those of yivit-, yivig, but the vocalization in the MS. is chaotic. Xak. xı sü: yivildi: (MS. yifildi:) taderaka’l--cayš ‘the army was equipped, or fitted out’; and one says begni: yivildi: (MS. yavuldi:) balağa'l-mizr uahwa šarebu’l-burr wa’l-dura ‘the beer, which is a beverage made of wheat and millet, matured’; and one says bilig yivildi: (MS. yifildi:) tadaraka'l-'aql ‘the intellect was trained (?)’; also used of anything of which the season of maturity has been reached and achieved its summit (? ; balağa awanuhu wa’ltahaqa bi'l-awwal) Kaš. III 81 (yivilü:r, yivilme:k (MS. yev.lü:r, y.v.lme:k)\ emdi: yiğit yivilsü:n (MS. y.v.lsü:n) fa’l-en yacib 'ale’l-šubben an yatakattabü wa yata-camma'ii ‘now the young men must join the ranks and assemble’ III 356, 4: (Kip. xıv VU yiwil- imtadda wa tela namuwwa (n) ‘to become longer, to grow in stature’, td. 99, can hardly be connected).

D yubal- (yuba:!-) Pass. f. of yuba:-; n.o.a.b. (Türkü vııı see yuvul-): Xak. xı ı:š yubaldi: ‘the matter was neglected and not followed up’ (uğfila (MS. ağfala)... wa lam yubram) Kaš. III 76 (yuba:lu:r (sic), yubalma:k).

D yuvul- Pass. f. of 1 yuv- (roll, rotate); n.o.a.b. Türkü vni the word read yobalu: in T 26 and translated Svith difficulty’ owing to a supposed connection w. the Mong. l.-w. yoba:- should be read yuvulu:, see etı-: Xak. xı tobik yu-vuldi: ‘the ball (etc.) was rolled’ (tadahracat); in a verse Kolpak udu: yuvulma: ‘do not roll along behind Kolpak’ (la tatadahrac fi itrihŋ Kaš. III 81 (yuvlu.-r, yuvulma:k); o.o. / 397, 6 and (grammatical) III 112, 12; 113, 7: KB yuvuldı yašı ‘his tears rolled down’ 6213: (Čağ. xv ff. see yaval-).

D yıpla:- Den. V. fr. yıp; in Kaš.'s meanings Hap. leg., but s.i.s.m.l. in such meanings as SW Osm. iple- ‘to bind with rope’. Xak. xı ura:ğut yü:zin yıpla:dı: ‘the woman removed the hairs from her face’ (nammašat... wachaha) (yipla:r, yipla:ma:k); (yatla:-follows here); er yipla:di: ‘the man performed on the (tight) rope’ (la'iba... 'ale'l--fıabl) Kaš. III 307 (yipla:r, yipla:ma:k).

D yıplat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of yıpla:-. Xak. xı ura:ğut yü:zin yıplattı: ‘the woman had \878\ the hairs removed from her face' (nammašat... šo'r ıcachihe) Koš. II 355 (yıplatu:r, yıplatma:k).
878

Dis. V. YBL-

D yublun- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of yubal-; the meaning must be something like ‘to be neglected, uncultivated’; v. G.'s translation is based on a false etymology fr. a Mong. l.-w., cf. yuvul-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Hud. (now that my master is dead) yublunmaklığ körjülümln urğu yer bulmazmen ‘I can find no place in which to put my neglected mind’ Hüen-ts. 1968-9.

D yuvlun- Refl. f. of yuvul-; pec. to Xak. Xak. xı yuvlundi: ne:g ‘the thing rolled’ (tadahraca) Kaš. III in (yuvlunu:r, yuvlun-tna:k); (in a grammatical para.; when a Dis. V. is Trans, and a lam is added to it it becomes Pass., and if a ntin is added to that it becomes Intrans.... e.g.) one says er tobik yuvdi: ‘the man rolled (dahraca) the ball’; then one says tobik yuvuldi: 'the ball was rolled (duhrica) by someone’ or ‘rolled’ (tadahraca); then a nün is added and one says yuvlundi: ‘it rolled of its own accord’ (tadahraca bi-tab'ihŋ III j 12, 9 fT.: KB neteg kim orunsuz tobik yuvlunur ‘just as a ball with no fixed position rolls about’ 662. „

D yıplaš- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of yıpla:-. Xak. xı ura:ğutla:r yihzin yıplašdı: ‘the women removed the hair (nammašat) from one another’s faces’ Kaš. III 104 (yıplašu:r, yıplašma:k).

D yuvluš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yuvul-. Xak. xı korumla:r (MS. kornnla:ŋ kamuğ yuvlušdı: ‘the boulders (al-canedil, etc.) all rolled together’ (tadahracat) Kaš. III 105 (yuvlušu:r, yuvlušma:k).

Tris. YBL

S yapalak See yapa:kulak.

DF yavalik A.N. fr. 3 yava; ‘carelessness, folly’, and the like. Pec. to KB. Xak. xı KB 708 (suk-).

Tris. V. YBL-

VUD yobı:la:- Den. V. fr. an extended form of yo:b (ya:b); consistently described as Oğuz/Kıp., but the verse illustrating it is part of a poem relating to the Taqut, which is elsewhere quoted to illustrate Xak. words. N.o.a.b. Oğuz/Kıp. xı ol am: yobi:la:di: ‘he deceived him’ (xada'ahu); the word is Oğuz/ Kip. and other Turks seldom use it; they call ‘deceit’ yab yob and do not form a V. from it Kaš. III 327 (verse; yobi:la:r, yobi:Ia:ma:k); o.o. II 315 (yubat-); III 142 (ya:b yo:b).'

D yavaltur- Caus. f. of yaval-; ‘to tame, pacify, subdue’, and the like; syn. w. yavaš kıl-, see yavaš. Pec. to Uyğ. IJud. Uyğ. vııı IT. Bud. (the all-wise Buddha Atavaka) yekig utup y^gedip yavlak kögülİn yavalturğalı uğay ‘will surely be able! to conquer and get the better of the demon \\\ and subdue his evil mind’ TT X 80-1 ; yağısın yavlakın kentü yavalturğay biz ‘we ourselves will subdue his enemies and wicked men’ Suv. 409, 12-13; o.o. do. 506, 16; Hüen--fs., Briefc, p. 38, note 2064, 8.

Dis. YBN

VUD yapaŋ (PyapiQ) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled), perhaps in the sense of something that closes in or adheres. Xak. xı yapag yi:r al-’enik mina'l-ard ‘a sand dune’; that is sand in which animals’ feet sink (yagüš) and it is difficult (yata’addar) to pull them out again Kaš. III 372-

yipin/yipün See yipgil/ylpgin.

Dis. V. YBN-

D yapın- Refl. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); s.i.m.m.l. with the same wide range of phonetic changes and meanings as yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled), Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ayaların yapınıp ‘placing the palms of their hands together’ U IV 8, 36-7 (also I 41, 21 fT.); o.o. do. 22, 299; TT X 440: Xak. xı er kalkan yapındı: ‘the man covered himself (tasattara) with a shield’; and one says ol kapuğ yapındı: infarada wa büšora šafqa'l-beb ‘he went apart and proceeded to slam the door (behind him)’ Kaš. III 82 (yapinu:r, yapmma:k): Čağ. xv ff. yapın- (spelt) mutalabbis šudan tva bar xivud püšidan ‘to dress, clothe oneself’ San. 325r. 22 (quotns.): Kip. xııı iltasaqa ‘to adhere, cohere’ ya:pin- (-e-) Hou. 37, 8: xv tağalte ‘to hide oneself’ yapın- (-b-) (/örtün-) Tuh. 9a. 5: Osm. xıv ff. yapın- (1) xıv ‘to cover oneself with a shield’; (2) xv, xvı ‘to be shut’ TTS II 996; III 766; IV 841.

D yuban- (yubarn-) Refl. f. of yuba:-; n.o.a.b.; the Kom. word seems to belong here, but its semantic connection is w. ya:b yo:b. Xak. xı er ı:štın yubandi: ‘the man neglected (ağfala) the matter’ Kaš. III 83 (yuba:nu:r (sic), yubanma:k): Xwar. xıv yuban- ‘to be careless, negligent’ Qutb 84; MN 74: Kom. xıv yubanğan söz ‘falsehood, subterfuge’ GCG; Gr.

Dis. YBR

yipa:r the relationship between this word and kin, q.v., is obscure; kin has always meant ‘musk’, the secretion of the musk-deer and the musk-rat; yipa:r seems originally to have meant more generally ‘scent, fragrance’, both of musk and of other things like flowers, esp. in the Hend. yi:d yipa:r, but became specialized for ‘musk’ at an early date. It was a Second Period l.-w. in Mong. as ci'aŋcihaŋcigar for ‘musk deer’ (Studies, p. 232), but more usually ‘musk’ (Kotv. 2833, Haltod 569), and s.i.m.m.l.g. w. a wide range of initials yi-/ci-/ čı-/ı-/i-; see Doerfer II 411. Türkü vııı (in the damaged account of the xağan's funeral; the Chinese emperoŋ yoğ yıparı:ğ kelü:rüp tike: berti: II S 11; meaning obscure, perhaps ‘brought perfumes and had the funeral feast set up’, but this is awkward and yoğ may \879\ be the Acc. of a Chinese l.-w. in Hend. w. yıparr.ğ: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. M IIS, 14-15 (ii) (kin): Bud. yid yipar ‘fragrance’, the object of perception by the nose TT VI168 ff.; edgü yid yıparlar türtüp ‘rubbing good perfumes (on his body)’ U I 29, 13; o.o. Hüen-ts. 145 (köti:-); Suv. 475, 22 (kin): Civ. (your name and fame have been spread abroad) yid yipar teg‘like musk’ TT 1146; a.o. do. 193 (bu:r-); yipar ‘musk’ is included with other ingredients to be mixed with wine and drunk HI 67 (misspelt stparŋ, 94; and in a mixture with sesame oil for external application do. 161: Xak. xı yıparr (bi-ba šulba 'with -p-’) al-tnisk ‘musk’ Kaš. III 28; I 327 (1 klz), 340 (kin), and several o.o. translated al-misk or reyihatu'l--misk ‘the scent of musk’: KB yağız yer yipar toldi ‘the sweet scent (of flowers) has filled the brown earth’ 64; in 311-12 yipar ‘musk’ and bilig ‘knowledge’ are compared because both are perceptible even when hidden: xıv Muh. al-misk yi:pa:r Mel. 38, 16; yipa:r Rif. 126, 162: Čağ. xv ff. ipar (spelt) misk wa 'üd wa 'anbar wa har ftz-i xwuš-büyi ‘musk, aloe wood, ambergris, and everything sweet-scented’ San. 93r. 8; yipar misk nefa ‘a musk sac’ 347V. 29: Xwar. xıv yipar/kin yipar 'musk’ Qutb 91; Nahc. 62, 7: Kom. xıv ‘musk’ ipar CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-misk yipa:r (sic) Hou. 18, 10: xıv ipa:r ditto Id. j, 63 (toz- (become dust, volatilise)); ditto Bul. 5, 5: xv ditto Tuh. 35a. e: Osm. xiv-xvi ipar ‘musk’ in one xıv text, and ipar yavšanı ‘wormwood, Artemisia’ in one xvı one TTS I 351; IV 393.
879

Tris. YBR

D yapri: abbreviated Dev. N. fr. yapur- (conceal); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı yapri: ye:r al-ardu'l--malsa u'l-'arida ‘wide, level ground’; yapri: kula:k al-udnu'1-ağdaf ‘a pendulous ear’ Kaš. III 31. '

Dis. V. YBR-

D yapur- (conceal) morphologically Caus. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled), but with no perceptible Caus. meaning, and in its first sense hard to connect semantically; pec. to Kaš. Xak. xı ol yerig yapurdi: ‘he smoothed and levelled (mallasa... wa mala-qaha) the ground’; and one says er sö:züg yapurdi: ‘the man concealed the statement and kept it secret’ (axfa... wa katamahu) Kaš. III 67 (yapurur, yapurma:k); bu er ol ı:štn yapurğa:n ‘this man always keeps his affairs secret and conceals them’ (yaktum... wa yaduss); also used for hiding (ft ixfa) anything III 53.

D yavn:- apparently Den. V. fr. *yavar, Aor. Participle of *yav-; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı er yavn:di: sa at helu'1-racul wa da'ufa mina'l--faqr awi'l-illa ‘the man’s condition deteriorated and he became weak owing to destitution or illness’ Kaš. III 304 (yavri:r, yavri:ma:k):xiv Muh. (î) da'ufa yavn:- (-/-) Rif. 111 (Mel. 28, 5 arukla:-).

D yapurt- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of yapur- (conceal). Xak. xı ol sö’.züg yapürtti: ‘he ordered that the matter and statement should be kept secret’ (bi-ixfa) and one says ol ye:rig yapurtti: ‘he \\\ urged someone to smooth (man mallata) the ground’; also used of anything disordered (or dishevelled, ša'ata) when some parts of it are gathered together (<jlumma) with others Kaš. III 436 (yapurtur, yapurtma:k).

D yaprit- (yapri:d-) Hap. leg.; Den. V. in -d- (Trans.) fr. yapri:, q.v.; ‘to flatten’. Kaš. made two mistakes in this entry; as in the case of kuta:d-, q.v., he failed to recognize that the Aor. and Infin. should be shown as yaprt:^u:r, yapridmatk, and he translated it ‘to prick’, whereas anyone familiar with horses knows that a horse that is going to kick does not prick its ears but flattens them backwards. Xak. xı at kula:kih yapntti: ‘the horse pricked (ašarra) its ears’, that is when it intends to kick (yarmah) something, or is wary (yahdar) of something Kaš. II 352 (yapritu:r, yapritma:k).

D yavrit- Caus. f. of yavri:-; ‘to weaken’. N.o.a.b., but fairly common in KB. Türkü vııı süshn anta: sančdım yavrıtdım ‘I routed his army there and weakened it’ II E 31: Xak. xı ol anı: yavritti: xawwarahu wa da"afahu ‘he weakened him (Hend.)’ Kaš. II 352 (yavntu:r, yavritma:k); alp erig yavritma: ‘do not injure or weaken (le tusV wa le tada”if) the warrior’ /139,6ı KB (wise men) etöz yavritur ‘keep their bodies under’ (take pleasure in wisdom and fatten (semrlt-) their souls) 990; o.o. 3549 (in antithesis to semrit-), 4076 (ignorant men weaken the people), 4302, 4616 (illness weakens a man): Kip. xıv yavrut- ‘to overstrain’ (a horse) CCG; Gr. 119 (quotn.).

D yaprul- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of yapur- (conceal), but with semantic changes. Xak. xı bi:r ne:i> bi:rke: yapruldi: ‘one thing stuck closely (iltabada) to another’; hence one says to:n yapruldi: iltabada 'aqru’l-tawb hatte carana ‘the constituent parts of the garment stuck together (i.e. shrank?) so that it became unwearable’ Kaš. III 107 (yaprulu:r, yaprul-ma.k).

D yapruš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of. yapur- (conceal). Xak. xı ol ačar ye:r yaprušdı: ‘he helped him to smooth and level (fi tamlis... wa taswiyatiha) the ground’ Kaš. III 101 (yaprušu:r, yaprušma:k).

Tris. YBR

D yapurğa:k (leaf) Dev. N. (connoting repeated action) fr. yapur- (conceal); ‘a leaf’ of a tree or plant, hence metaph. of a book. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as yaprak (c-, č-) and the like, but NE Alt. yalbırak; NC Kır. jalbirak; there is an alternative word in SE Türki yapurmak/ yopurmak. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A ol 1 yalp (u)rğakı (sic) ‘the leaves of that bush’ Man.-uig. Frag. 400, 7: Bud. (writing a spell on birch-bark) yapırğakta ‘on palm-leaf’ (paper, etc.) U II 70, 4 (2); o.o. Suv. 529, 8 (ulun); Tiš. 49b. 4-5 (yavıšğu:): Civ. H II 22, 23: Xak. xı yapurğa:k waraqu'l-šacar ‘the leaf of a tree’; and the leaves (awraq) of a book are \880\ called yapurğa:k Kaš. III 51: xııı (?) Tef. yapurğak/yaprak ‘leaf’ 131 (-b-), 141-2: xıv Muh. al-waraq yaprark (-b-) Mel. 78, 7! yapurğa:k (-b-) Rif. 182: Čağ. xv ff. (yapurğaıı yaprak Vel. 410 (quotn.)); yaprağ/ yaprak/yapurğağ/yapurğak (all spelt) barg ‘leaf’; also called yafrağ/yafrak San. 32er. 2 (same quotn. as in Vel., pointing out that the word is mis-spelt in Vel.); reverse entry 333V. y: Xwar. xıv yapurğak/yaprak ‘leaf’ Qutb 63 (-b-); MN 87; Nahc. 319, 13 •“ Kom. xıv ‘leaf’ yabuldrak (sic) CCI; Gr.: Kip. xili (under ‘trees’) al-waraq (VU) yapildurak (-b-, unvocalized); Tkm. yaprak Hou. 7, 9:xiv yaprak (-b-) ditto Id. 90; waraqul-šacar (VU) yapildurak (-b-; ba unvocalized); waraqa wdhida ‘one leaf’ yaprak (-b-) Bul. 3, 11: xv awrdqul-šacar yaprak (-b-) Kav. 59, 6; Tuh. 38a. 10; xûš ‘palm-leaves’ yaprak (-b-) do. 13b. 1.
880

D yapurğaklığ (leafy) P.N./A. fr. yapurğa:k; ‘leafy’. S.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Hud. bir mig yapurğaklığ Iinxwa ‘a lotus with a thousand leaves’ TT V 6, 18.

D yıparlığ (scented, fragrant) P.N./A. fr. yipa:r; properly ‘scented, fragrant’, but sometimes ‘musk-scented’. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (the Daw^.Qpd), yıdlığ yıparlığ ‘fragrant (Hend.)’ (and bright) M II 9, 7; 10, 9; a.o. Wind. 29-30 (kıl-); yıparlığ ‘a fragrant’ (orchard) M III 25, 11 12 (in: Bud. yıparlığ tütsüg ‘fragrant incense’ USp. 101, 10-11; o.o. TT V 8, 72-9 (tütsüg): Xak. xı yıparlığ kösürgü: ‘a leather bag containing musk’ (dü misk) Kaš. III 4S (prov.); a.o. III 50, 23. '

Dis. V. YBS-

D yapsa:- (? d-) (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled) Desid. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); pec. to Kaš.; the entry follows that of ye:se:-, q.v., and the first illustrative sentence is almost the same as that for that V.; in the Ar. translation the V. was originally omitted and when it was inserted the word appropriate for ye:se:- was inadvertently supplied. Xak. xı er’ etme:k yapsa:dı: tamcınne’l-racul an ya'kuli (substitute yahaqŋ'l-xubz ‘the man wished to put the bread in the oven’ (not ‘to eat’); also used for wishing to shut (an yarudd) a door; and one says er tu:za:k yapsa:di: ‘the man wished to close (an yulqŋ the trap on the birds to catch them’ Kaš. III 304 (yapsa:r, yapsa:ma:k); (the cold weather came and) karlap ajun yapsadi: ‘snowed until it almost covered (yufbiq) the world’ I 463, 11; bašlığ közüg yapsa-ma: ‘do not try to close the wounded eve’ II 172, 12.

VUD yovsa:- (share) Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of 3 yov-(share). Xak. xı ol maga: tava:r yovsa:di: ‘he wished to share (yutalsiyanŋ the property with me’ Kaš. III 306 (yovsa:r, yovsa:ma:k).

D yuvsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of 1 yuv- (roll, rotate). Xak. xı ol tobik yuvsa:di: ‘he wished to roll (ah yudahric) the ball’ (etc.) Kaš. III 306 (yuvsa:r, yuvsa:ma:k; MS. in error yui'usa:-).\\\

Dis. YBŠ

D yavaš (yava:š) (gentle, mild, peaceable) Dev. N./A. fr. *yava:-; ‘gentle, mild, peaceable’, and the like; more or less syn. w. amul and often used in Hend. w it in the early period. S.i.a.m.l.g., much distorted in NH, e.g. Tuv. ča:š: yavaš in Sl-2 Türki, SW Az., Osm.: NC Kır. jo:š; Kzx. juwas: SC Uzb. yuvoš: NW yuvaš, cuwas, etc.: SW Tkm. yuvaš. Türkü vııı ff. (the name read Yabaš (Yavaš) Totok in Tun. IV 3-4 (ETY II 96) is more likely to be Ay baš Totok); Man. M HI 20, 6 (i) (amul): Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M III 31,4 (iii) (amul): Man. yavašım birle yakıšıpan ‘being united with my gentle one’ M II 8, 16-17 (>•); a-°- I T II 17, 57-8 (amul): Hud. (the... Buddha) tüzün yavaš kılu yarlıkadı ‘has deigned to make good and peaceable’ (the minds of the wicked demons) TT X 15; o.o. do. 517; TT IV io, 15-16 (tüzü:n); U IV 34, 60 etc.: Xak. xı yavaš kiši: ‘a man who is mild, tractable, and pcaceable’ (al-layyimi’ 1-edtnbu’ l--halinŋ; and any animal when it is ‘docile’ (munqdd) is called yavaš Kaš. III 10 (verse); (a girl with a dowry) küde:gü: yavaš bulu:r ‘finds a bridegroom who is gentle and docile’ (naqilr munqdd lihe) III 12, 1: KB (he must make the wicked fear him and) yavašlarka edgü kerek sevseler ‘must be good to the peaceable so that they may love him’ 2299; a.o. 6453 (satğağ): xıv Rbğ. R III 1568 (tölek): xıv Muh. tayyibu'l-iiqd wa'l-tab' ‘pleasant to meet, good-natured’ yawa:š Mel. 51, 14; Rif 147: Čağ. xv ff. yawaš barr wa berr wa halim ‘good, kindly, peaceable’ San. 34or. 18 (quotn.): (Kom. xıv ‘humility’ yovašlık (sic) CCI; Gr.): Kip. xııı (‘quarrelsome’ ča:Iık) ‘the opposite of ča:Iık’ yawa:š; also used w. reference to horses Hou. 26, 1; (among the Proper Names of slave girls) yawa:š al-dqila ‘sensible’ 1 do. 30, 13:xiv yawa:š ‘peaceably disposed’ (or ‘placid’, sdkinu'l-xalq); and one says bu af yawašdur ‘this horse is docile and well-trained’ (sahlti'l--xultiq mu'addab); wa yusammd bihi ‘also used as a P.N.’ td. 99: xv havn ‘quiet, placid’ yawaš Tuh. 37b. 9; in margin of do. 12b. 8 in a second hand, halim yawaš: Osm. xıv ff. yavaš ‘peaceable, patient, mild’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 797; II 1014; 77/782; 7^856.

VUD yovuš (share) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. 3 yov- (share). Xak. xı yovuš al-i'dna li'l-aqdrib bi-kiswa atv bi-mdl ‘help (share) to kinsmen in the form of clothing or goods’; this is most often used of a bride, when she has been taken to the bridegroom (zuffat) and her kinsmen send anything suitable that they have for her equipment (fi tachisihd) as a token of respect to her; in a prov. yövüšlüg (sic) kelln ‘a bride endowed with goods (mukarrama bi-amwdl) by her kinsmen’ Kaš. III 1 r (see yavaš).

S yavša:n See yapča:n.

Dis. V. YBŠ-

D yapıš- Recip. f. of yap- (build (wall); shut (door); cover (things); join, doubled); ‘to adhere, stick to (something Dat.)', w. vaıioııs metaph. \881\ extensions. S.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. U III 37, 33-4 (yapığ): Civ. (the omen is bad) kop İši bütmez uluğ yek yapıšur ‘all his undertakings fail, the great demon attaches himself (to him)’ TT VII 28, 38; a.o. H II 31, 198: Xak. xı yelim yü:gke: yapušdı: ‘the glue stuck to (illašaqa) the feather’; also used of anything when it has stuck to something and become fastened to it (taallaqa bihŋ; hence one says it keyikke: yapušdı: ‘the dog held fast (taallaqa) to the wild animal’ (bi'1-šayd) Kaš. III 70 (yapušur, yapušma:k; in all cases simultaneously vocalized yapıš-); ol er ol ı:ška: yapušğa:n ‘that man’s habit is to be closely concerned with affairs’ (al-ta'alluq bi'1-utnüŋ, also used of anything closely concerned (’alluq) with affairs III 53: KB (if you follow it, it runs away) kačsa yapčur (ire, Vienna MS. yapšuŋ saga ‘if (you) run away, it clings to you’ 1409; (whoever has understanding) agar bar yapuš (rhymes w. ukuš) ‘go and attach yourself to him’ 1870; yapuštug... berk ‘you have attached yourself firmly’ (to this world) 6630: xııı (?) At. tawadu'ka berk tut yapuš ked agar ‘hold fast to humility and cling tightly to it’ 268: Čağ. xv ff. yapuš- (spelt) časpidan ‘to stick, adhere’ San. 325V. 2 (quotns.); yapıš- (spelt) ditto 325V. 14: Xwar. xıv yapuš- ‘to cling to (something Dat.)' Qutb 63: Kom. xıv ağač yapšarmen (MS. yapsarmen) ‘I join (? dove-tail) the (pieces of) wood together’ CCG; Gr. 114: Kip. xıv yapıš- (-&-) laziqa ‘to adhere’ Id. 91; Bul. 79V.: xv ditto Tuh. 32a. 7.
881

S yavuš- See yağuš-,

VUD yovuš- (share) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of 3 yov- (share). Xak. xı ola:r ikki: yovušdı: translated ‘each of them helped and shared with (a'ena wa wese) the other’ Kaš. III 73 (yovušu:r, yovušma:k; MS. everywhere yofuš-).

D yuvuš- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of 1 yuv- (roll, rotate). Xak. xı ola:r bi:r bi:rke: tobik yuvušdı: ‘they rolled (dahraca) the ball to one another’ Kaš. III 74 (yuvušu:r, yuvušma:k).

D yapšın- Refl. f. of yapıš-; practically syn. w. it. S.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes, but there are no other occurrences of Kaš.'s alternative f. w. -č-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. TT III 127-8 (atka:ğ): Bud. adinlarnig yutu-zıga yapšınmamak ‘not to have liaisons with other people’s wives’ Suv. 219, 24 ff.; o.o. UIII 36, 36 etc. (ilin-); UIV34, 69 (sığın-); TT VI, p. 82 etc. (atkan-): Xak. xı okka: yelim yapčundı: (sic) ‘the glue stuck (ilta-saqa) to the arrow’; also used of anything when it has stuck to something or become fastened to it (ta'allaqa bihŋ Kaš. III 108 (yapčınu:r (sic), yapčınma:k); alternative form (luğa) with al-šîn yapšundı:, end with al-fa' yavčundı:: Xwar. xıv yapšun- ‘to cover oneself up’ Qutb 63 (-b-); ‘to cling to (something Dat.)' Nahc. 112, 13; 361, 11.

D yapšur- Caus. f. of yapıš-; ‘to fasten, or stick (something Acc., to something Dat.)’; YBZ 881 s.i.s.m.l. in NE, NC; elsewhere displaced by yapıštur- which is noted in Čağ. xv ff. and Kip. fr. xııı onwards. Uyğ. vııı ff. (Man. TT III 127-8 (atka:ğ); yafšınmıš erroneously read yajšurmıš): Bud. iki uluğ egreklemi yapšurup ‘placing the two thumbs together’ U II 47, 72: Civ. bu vu kapığta yapšurzun ‘let him stick this spell on the door’ TT VII 27, 17: Xak. xı ol o:kka: yüg yapčurdı: ‘he stuck (alsaqa) the feather to the arrow’; also yavčurdı: alternative form w. al-fa Kaš. III 97 (yapčurur, yapčurma:k); <oI> o:kka: yel1m yapšurdı: ‘he stuck glue to the arrow’ (mistranslated ‘feather’), alternative form with al-cim III 99 (yapšurur, yapšurma:k).

Tris. YBŠ

D yavıšğu: Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. yavıš- (yapıš-); lit. ‘something attached to something else’; n.o.a.b. In Uyğ. it seems to have meant ‘foliage’; in Xak. it was a kind of fruit; it seems impossible to connect the ‘alternative form’ morphologically w. this wrord, and since it seems to be syn. w. yemše:n it is possible that (VU) yumušğa: (which is fully vocalized) and yemše:n are cognate l.-w.s and that yavıšğu: acquired its specialized meaning in Xak. because of its resemblance to the former. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. xwa yavıšğu ‘garlands of flowers’ (Chinese hua ‘flower’, Giles 5,002) U II 40, 105; TT VI 144; (by virtue of this sütra) ol sögütnig yapı yavıšğusı xwasi yapırğakı ‘that tree’s leaves (Chinese yeh, Middle Chinese yap ‘leaf’, Giles 12,997), foliage, flowers, and leaves’ (will become green again) Tij. 49b. 4: Civ. yaš yavıšğu ‘fresh foliage’ TTI55-6 (kun:-): Xak. xı yavıšğu: al-zurür ‘the medlar, Crataegus azarolus’; (VU) yumušğa: alternative form Kaš. III 48.

D yapušğa:k Dev. N./A. (connoting repeated action) fr. yapuš- (yapıš-); as such Hap. leg., but other Dev. N./A.s in the medieval period and later have cognate meanings, e.g. Čağ. xv ff. yapušğa:n ‘bird-lime’ San. 32er. 6. Xak. xı yapušğaık ‘a spinous (muš’ar) plant, with burrs (šawk) like hazel nuts, which stick (yata'allaq) to the tails of horses, etc.’; similarly a man who is closely concerned (yata'allaq) with anything is so called Kaš. III 51.

PUD yövüšlüg Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. yövüš (yovuš). Xak. xı Kaš. III 12 (yovuš).

Tris. V. YBŠ-

D yavašlan- Refl. Den. V. fr. yavaš; s.i.s.m.l. w. some phonetic changes. Xak. xı er yavašlandı: abde'l-racul min nafsthi'l--hiltn ‘the man radiated mildness’ Kaš. III 114 (yavašlanu:r, yavašlanma:k).

Dis. YBZ

D yavız (bad) Dev. N./A. fr. *yav-; basically ‘bad’ in every sense of that word, usually ‘morally bad’ or ‘unfavourable, inauspicious’, and the like, but in Türkü rather ‘in a bad way, unfavourably situated’ or the like; more or less \882\ syn. w. anığ, yavla:k, 3 bat (bad, worthless, insignificant) (bad), but unlike them never means ‘excessively, extremely’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. phonetic changes, usually meaning 'bad’ but with odd evolutions of meaning in some languages, e.g. in SW Osm. ‘grim’, hence ‘stern’, hence ‘efficient’, hence ‘good’. Türkü vııı yadağ yavız bolti: ‘the men travelling on foot got into a bad way’ II E 32; o.o. I E 26, II E 2i (yavla:k); Ongin 7 (3 bat): vııı ff. in IrkB 12, 24, 44, 45 ‘had’ omens are described as yaviz instead of the usual yavlak; in Tun. \\ IV 10-11 (ETY II 96) the writer describes himself as betge:či: isi:z yavı:z kul 'the scribe (your) worthless (Hend.) servant’: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (I have not done good) yavız kıltım ‘I have done evil’ U II 78, 40; 87, 58; yavız yavlak ayığ öglüerke ‘to the evilly disposed’ Suv. ioi, 17-18; o.o. do. 135, 11-13; 13; 141, 6; 553» 12 etc-: Civ. yavız kart ‘a malignant ulcer’ H I 81; iıı TT VII yavız is common for ‘bad’ (omens); ‘inauspicious’ (days), etc.: Xak. xı yavuz ‘bad’ (al-radV) of anything Kaš. III 10; III 41 (yunčığ) and \\ 10 o.o.: KB talu neg bolurda yavuz ne kerek ‘when there is a good thing, what need is there for a bad one?’ 688; o.o. 321 (koldaš); 413 (yunčığ); 2639 (kovı:); 4061: xıı (?) KB VP bu kutsuz yavuz ‘this is unlucky and bad’ 49: xııı (?) At. (although a snake is.j5ojj), yavuz fi'l eter ‘it does evil things’ 215; Tef. yavuzbad’ 132: xıv Muh. al-falih ‘wicked, evil’ (opposite to ‘good’ eygü:) ya:wuz Mel. 54, 15; Rif. 152: Čağ. xv ff. yawuz (spelt) badıcazabün ‘bad, vile’ San. 34or. 27 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı yawuz ‘bad’ 'Ali 8: xıv yavuzevil’ Nahc. 252, 12; 286, 12: Kip. xııı al-radV (opposite to ‘good’ eygi:/key) (yaman/) yawuz Hou. 25, 10: xıv yawuz al-wahš ‘wild beast’ Id. 99: xv šarr ‘bad’ yawuz Tuh. 21a. 7; al-ašarr yowuzrak (sic) do. 55b. 5: Osm. xıv ff. yavuz is common in the meaning ‘bad, evil, violent’, etc. until xvı and is noted sporadically thereafter TTS I 801; II 1018; 77/785; IV 859.
882

Tris. V. YBZ-

D yavuzla:- Den. V. fr. yavuz (yaviz); n.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol yavuzlardı: nerrjni: ‘he reckoned that the thing was bad’ (radı ) Kaš. III 342 (yavuzla:r, yavuzla:ma:k): Osm. xv yavuzla- ‘to blame, abuse’; in two texts TTS II io2o.

D yavuzlan- Refl. f. of yavuzla:-; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı ol atığ yavuzlandı: ‘he reckoned that the horse (or something else) was bad’ (radV) Kaš. III 114 (yavuzlanu:r, yavuzlanma:k): Osm. xvı yavuzlan’ (of an animal) ‘to be savage, dangerous’; in one text TTS III 786.

Dis. YDŠ-

yed- (sew) (OTD p. 252: JEDIŠ- шить с кем-л. (sew (co-op.))

Mon. YG

S yič See Uyğ.

Dis. YGA

D ya:čı: (archer; bow-maker) N.Ag. fr. 1 ya:; ‘archer; bow-maker’. S.i.s.m.l., sometimes as yayčı and in \\ the second Čağ. meaning which prob. represents a faulty See. f. of ya:tči: (ya:dčŋ Xak. xı KB (in a list of craftsmen) okčı yač> ‘arrow-maker and bow-maker’ 4458; ok yačı ‘archer’ 4046 (1 ok (arrow)): xıv Muh. al-qaivwas ‘bow-maker’ ya:čı: fr. ya: ‘bow’ Mel. 11,3; Rif. 84; (in the list of craftsmen) qattnvas ya:yčı: 58, 7; ya:ci: 157; Čağ. xv ff. ya:yčı (spelt) kamengar ‘bow-maker’; also cedügar ‘magician’ (and a place-name) San. 341 r- 5-

PU (? D) yiče: (or eyiče:) n.o.a.b.; the meaning which suits the contexts best is ‘as before, as previously’ which suggests that it is an Equative f. in -če:, but there is no other trace of *yi: or *eyi:. Türkü vııı (my father died and my uncle became xagan) ečim xağan olurupan Türkü bodunığ yiče: etdi: (II adds yiče: igit(t)i:) ‘when my uncle ascended the throne as xagan he organized the Türkü people as before (and fed them as before)’ I E 16, II E 14: Uyğ. vııı (I told them to follow and left them; they did not come) yiče: örtim Burğu:da: yetdim ‘I reached them as before and caught up with them at Burğu:' Šu. E 2-3; yiče: išig küčiğ bergil ‘give me your services as before’ do. E 5.

D yi:či: N.Ag. fr. yi: (yigi:); ‘tailor’. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı Kaš. II 3 (sap-); III 216 (yigi:).

Dis. V. YCN-

(D) yačan- prima facie a Refl. f.; survives only (?) in SW Anat. xx yacan- (1) 'to be bored (by something Dat.)’; (2) ‘to be shy, or frightened, of (something Abl.)'\ (3) ‘to be disgusted’ SDD 1450. Xak. xı ol mendin yačandı: istahye wa'htašama min hayiu lam yuqdim 'ale l-amr ‘he was ashamed and embarrassed (in my presence) because he hnd not started on the matter’ Kaš. III 83 (yačaııu:r, yačanma:k): Kom. xıv ‘to be ashamed, embarrassed’ yačan- CCI; Gr.: Osm. xıv to xvı yacan- (sic) (1) ‘to be on one’s guard’; (2) ‘to be embarrassed’; in several texts 7’7S I 763; \\ 972; /// 750; IV 822.

Mon. YD

1 ya:t, 1 ya:d (stranger, foreigner; strange, foreign)stranger, foreigner; strange, foreign’. S.i.a.m.l.g.; SW Az., Osm. yad; Tkm. ya:t. Cf. 1 tat. Türkü vııı Tov. 23-4 (ETY II 58; ada:rt-): Uyğ. vııı ff. TT III 108 (adir-): Bud. yat ellig toyin ‘a monk from a foreign country’ Hüen-ts. 294-5; do. 2063-4 (yaval-): Civ. yat kiši ‘stranger, foreigner’ TT I 56-7, 214; VII 30, iî (eltiš-): O. Kır. ıx ff. yatda: tüŋürime: adrıldım Mai. 11,7; this is quite clear on the stone and seems to mean ‘I have been parted from my relations by marriage in foreign countries’: Xak. xı ya:t kiši: al-acnabi ‘a stranger’; hence one says ya:t ba:z yadil (sic) li-yatafarraqa'l--aceniU ‘let the strangers be separated, set apart’ Kaš. III 159; ya:t yağuk ‘strangers and neighbours’ I 433, 7; o.o. III 43, 2; 148 (ba:z): KU kalın yat ara ‘among a crowd of strangers’ 491; (what is your name? Where \883\ do you come from ?) negti ol yatiQ ‘what is your foreign country?’ 583; o.o. 495-6 (yarlika:-); 2495, etc. (ba:z); 5087: Čağ. xv ff. yat btgöna ‘strange, foreign’ Vel. 401 (quotn.); yat bigatta wa acnabi (quotn.); also called yad San. 326V. 10; reverse 13 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yat ‘stranger’ Qutb 75; yat eren ‘strangers’ Nahc. 26, le: Kom. xıv ‘stranger, foreigner’ yat CCI, CCG; Gr. 118 (quotns.): Kip. xııı al-ğaribu’l-acnabi 'stranger’ ya:t Hou. 32, 14: xıv ya( ditto Id. 94: xv ğarîb yaf Tuh. 26b. 4: Osm. xıv ff. yad ‘stranger, foreigner’, by itself and in phr.; c.i.a.p. TTS I 763; II 972; III 750; IV 822. entry 327r.
883

2 ya:t (-d) ‘rain magic; rain stone’; the history of this word, which is extremely complicated, is discussed at length in Doerfer I, 157 (ca-damifŋ; as such it is n.o.a.b., but it became a Second Period l.-w. in Mong. as cada (Haenisch 84) and found its way back into Turkish in this form and as yada (see Čağ.); s.i.s.m.l. in one form or the other. It has at one time or another been connected with ‘jade’ and Pe. cedü ‘magic’, but these are certainly errors. There ift some evidence of the existence of a word in Sogdian, (b, which might mean ‘rain stone’ (see Doerfer, op. cit.), but there is no reason to suppose that this is a l.-w. in Turkish, though the reverse might be the case. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. TT X 387, etc. (yatlan-): Xak. xı yat (sic) a magic ceremony which is performed (kahena yutakahhan) with special stones by which rain and wind are procured (yuclab); this (ceremony) is well known among them; I myself witnessed it in Yağma:; it was performed to extinguish a fire which occurred there; snow came in the summer by the permission of God most high and extinguished the fire in my presence Kaš. III 3; ya:t ‘a magic ceremony with stones to procure rain and wind’ III 159: (Čağ. xv ff. yada taš yağmur boncttğt ‘a rain bead’; that is a thing of such a kind that when the blood of a sacrificial animal is wiped on it, it rains Vel. 399 (quotn.); cada tašı sang-i yada ‘a yada stone’, which they also call yada tašı/yada: tašı/ yarda tašı, in Ar. hacaru'l-matar ‘rain stone’ San. 205r. 21; reverse entry 327r. 15 (quotns.; and see yary)).

yı:d (yı:δ ) (scent, odour, smell, stink) (odor)scent, odour, smell’; originally neutral in connotation, in some contexts, e.g. yı:d yiparr ‘a pleasant smell’, but usually, esp. in der. f.s, ‘an unpleasant smell, stink’. S.i.a.m.l.g. in a wide range of forms; NE yıt, čıt: SE Türki hid (sic) BŠ 314: NC Kır. Jit; Kzx. iyis: SC Uzb. is/xid: NW Kk., Kumyk iyis; Kaz. is: SW Az. iy; Tkm. i:s. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. Wind. 35-7 (ur-): Bud. in Bud. terminology the sense corresponding to burun ‘nose’ as the organ of smell is yid/yid yipar TT III, p. 26, footnote 4; VI, p. 65, note 151; yid ašlığlar (demons) ‘who devour sweet smells’ (sic, the next entry is those who devour incense) U II 6i> 5; o.o. do. 57, 1 (ii) (ucruğ); TT VI 168 ff. (yiparŋ; (in TT IV 12, 56; Suv. 48, 23 the word read yidi before yok is \\\ 2 idiŋ: Ciy. TT I 146, etc. (yiparŋ: Xak. xı (if musk is removed from a perfume bag) yırdı: kali:r ‘its scent (rihuhu) remains behind’ Kaš. III 48, 22; n.m.e.: KB yipar toldı kefür ajun yid bile ‘the world has become full of musk, camphor, and (other) scents’ 70; yidi ‘the scent’ (of flowers) 97; (if you hide musk) yıdı belgürer ‘its scent becomes perceptible’ 312: xııı (?) At. (modesty has vanished) bulunmaz yıdı ‘no trace (lit. scent) of it can be found’ 417: xıv Muh. (l) al-ra’iha ‘odour’ yiyi: (sic?) Rif. 162 (only): Čağ. xv ff. ıs koku... buy ma'nastna ‘odour’ Vel. 55 (and other meanings; quotn.); 18 (‘with 1-’) ... (2) re'iha wa bü San. 104V. 12 (quotn.): Kip. xııı yi: al-ra'iha Hou. 41, 3: XIV yiyi: al-raiha muflaqa (n) (‘in general’) Id. 100; a.o. do. (yıdı:- (smell, stink)): xv al-ra'iha yi Tuh. 16b. 12 (yiyi: here and in Muh. may be a survival of yıdığ, not yı:d (scent, odour, smell, stink) (odor)).

yu:t (-d) (jut, severe weather) basically ‘weather so severe that it kills livestock’, with extended meanings for other things which cause losses of livestock, and even the death of human beings, like lack of grazing and epizootic (or epidemic) disease. A Second Period l.-w. in Mong. as cut ‘famine; epizootic or epidemic disease’ (Kow. 2385), cud (Haltod 583), and in Russian as dzhut\ s.i.a.m.l.g. except SW as yut/cut/čut/jüt. Türkü (when we spent the winter at Amğa: korığı:) yut boldi: ‘there was severe, killing weather’ II E 31: Xak. xı yu:t ‘severe weather (al-celifa) which kills livestock and sheep with the cold in winter’ Kaš. III 142; KB (if a man gets too near a blazing fire) agar yut turur ‘it is fatal to him’ 654; (if a man is bom wicked there is no cure for him) ajunka balS ol bodunka yuti ‘he is a disaster for the world and fatal to the people’ 879; a.o. 1780: Čağ. xv ff. yut (1) ‘heavy snow which blocks the roads’; (2) in Mong. (sic) ‘an epidemic (waba') which attacks flocks and herds’ San. 341 v. 8: Kip. xv fane ‘death, destruction’ (diet/) yut (/kıran) Tuh. 27b. 9 (a marginal note in a second hand says that the first is used of humans, the second of animals, and the third of death by the sword).

Mon. V. YD-

ya:d- ‘to spread out (on the ground, etc.)’ (yard), hence metaph. ‘to publish abroad’ and the like.’ S.i.a.m.l.g. as yay-/cay-/čay-/jay-; SW Tkm. ya:y-; these modern forms are not to be confused with those of yan- and yay-, but as the basic meanings of all three verbs (or both if the last two are identical) are not very different it is not always easy to distinguish between them. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A teŋri nomin yad[ayin] ‘let me publish abroad the sacred doctrine’ M I 33, e: Bud. (the Buddha) yada yarlıkap ‘deigning to spread out’ (his gracious thoughts over (üze) mankind) TT X 8; (we regret and deplore our misdeeds)' ača yada ‘we disclose and publish them’ (and ask for forgiveness) TT IV 4, 18; ača yada ötüneyin ‘let me venture to disclose and publish’ (our many grievous constrictions and' \884\ sufferings) Suv. 109, 3; a.o. do. 141, 11: Xak. xı ol to:nuğ kihnke: yattı: ‘he spread out (basata) the garment (or something else) in the 9un’; originally ya:dti: but assimilated Kaš. II 313 (yada:r, yadma:k): ol ya:dti: ne:gni: ‘he spread out the thing’, for example bread on a tray III 434 (yada:r, yadma:k): KB (the Prophet) yarukluki yadti ‘widely displayed his light’ 35; o.o. 68 (arkıš), 69, 1299 (‘to publish abroad’), 2197 (‘to open the hands’), 2329, 3637 (2 a:ğ), etc.: xııı (?) Tef. yad-/yay-‘to spread out, stretch out’ 133-5: xıv Muh. basata ya:y- Mel. 23, 15; Rif. 105: Čağ. xv ff. yay- (spelt) (1) palın kardan ‘to spread out’; (2) (see 1 yay-) San. 340V. 1 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yay- (1) ‘to spread out (lit.); to publish abroad, disseminate’ Qutb 64; MN 39, etc.; Nahc. 301, 4: Kom. xıv ‘to spread out’ yay- CCI, CCG; Gr. : Kip. xıv yay- faraša (‘to spread out bedding, etc.’) wa basata Id. 100: xv našara ‘to spread out, publish abroad’ yay- Tuh. 37a. 4.
884

yat- (lie down, sleep, settle) ‘to lie down’, w. some extended meanings, ‘to lie down to sleep, (of nomads) to settle down in one place’ (cf. olur- (? olor-) (sit, seat)), etc.; s.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Türkü vııı süŋükü:ŋ tağča: yatdi: ‘your bones lay in heaps’ IE 24, IIE 20; o.o. IN 9, etc. (yurt): vııı ff. (of an eagle) talu:yda: yatipan'"‘lying down by the sea' IrkB 3; a.o. do. 20 (udi:-): Man. ölüg birle yat(t)i ‘he lay down with the corpse’ MI 5, 4; a.o.o.: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. yerte yatıplying on the ground’ TT II 15, 10: Bud. yat- ‘to lie down’ is common, e.g. yörde yatıp PP 19, 5: Civ. (when a dog is old) yatıp ürür ‘it barks lying down’ TT VII 42, 6; (drink it) keče yatmıšda ‘when you go to bed at night’ II I 195: Xak. xı er yattı: ‘the man (etc.) lay down to sleep’ (haca'a) Kaš. II 3x3 (yatu:r, yatma:k); 111 42 (yatğark); 5o.o.: KB yat- ‘to lie down’ and the like is common, e.g. (God) yorımaz ne yatmaz ‘does not walk or lie down’ 17; (knowledge) yatur ‘lies’ (at the bottom of the mind, as a pearl at the bottom of the sea) 211; o.o. 38, 164,.214, etc.: Xin (?) Tef. yat- ‘to lie down (to sleep)’ 148: xıv Muh. nema ‘to sleep’ yat- Mel. 31, 9; 41, 10; Rif. 115 (in margin, u:dn- in text), 131; al-nawm ya:tmak 35, 9; 37, 3; 121, 123: Čağ. xv ff. yat- xwabidan ‘to sleep’ San. 320r. 18 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı (?) anıŋ birle yattı ‘he lav with her’ Oğ. 64; a.o.o.: xıv yat- ‘to lie down’ Qutb 75; MN 149: Kom. xıv ditto CCI, CCG; Gr. 118 (quotns.): Kip. xili al-ne’im (opposite to ‘awake’ oya:nak) ya:(ur Hon. 26, 16; raqada ‘to sleep’ ya:t- do. 34, 7:xiv yat- ditto Id. 94; beta (‘to spend the night’) wa nema wa raqada yat- Bul. 35V.: xv nema yat- Kav. 5, 1; 10, 8; 68, 18; raqada yat- Tuh. 17a. 11; a.o.o.

VU yed- (or yi:d-) (lead, help) Hap. leg., but see yedtür- (lead, help, pack (bale)), yedil- (led), yediš- (lead, help); the erratic vocalization points more to -e- than -i-. Xak. xı ol yetge:k ye:dti: (MS. yeydti,-) ’abba rizmata’l--mite’ awi’I-’ayba ‘he tilled (packed) the bale or sack of goods’ Kaš. III 434 (ye:de:r, ye:dme:k; unvocalized).\\\

yed- (sew) (OTD p. 252: JEDIŠ- шить с кем-л. (sew (co-op.)) (OTD: о Ср. jed-, jeδ-, jiδ-, köbi-, kübi-, tefčit-, tik-I, tevči-, tevčit-, шить)

1 ye:t- (-d-) (lead, help) ‘to lead (a horse)’, w. some extended meanings. Survives only (?) in NW Krım yete- R III 360; Nog. yet-: SW Osm. yed-; but the Dev. N. in -ek (prob. original rather than a Sec. f. of -ge:k), meaning ‘a led (spare) horse; a lead, halter’ and the like, s.i.a.m.l.g. except NK, SR as yctek/cetek/ jetek; SW Osm. yedek; w. Den. V.s in -le- having the same meaning as this V. Türkü vııı T 25 (ığač): Uyğ. vııı ff. Bııd. kolin yetipleading (the blind man) by the arm’ PP 25, 1-2; 36, 3: Xak. xı ol at ye:tti: ‘he led (qada) the horse’ (the blind man, etc.) Kaš. II 314 (this V. follows 2 yet- (catch up) (yet) in a separate para, and in all three places is spelt yeyt-, which taken w. the Uyğ. spelling makes the -e:- certain and confirms the original -d-); a.o. 1424, 18 (tizgin): KB ukuš ol burunduk am yetse er ‘understanding is a bridle (or headstall); if a man uses it as a lead’ (he attains his desires) 159; (bridled words are like the nose of a camel, (they go) kanča yetse ‘wherever you lead them’ 206; (722 see 2 yet-): Čağ. xv ff. yet (Imperat.)... also at ve ye ğayrı nesne yed lead a horse or something else’ Vel. 412; yet- (spelt) ... (2) yadak kaštdan ‘to lead a horse’ Sati. 348r. 1: (Kom. xıv see 2 yet-): Kip. xııı canaba min carri'l--camb ‘to lead in the sense of pulling along a led horse’ yet- Hou. 35, 11: xv qada yet- Tuh. 30a. 9: Osm. xıv yed-, sometimes yed-, ‘to lead’ (a person or animal); c.i.a.p. TTS I 809; II 1028; 77/792; IV 866; xvııı (after Čağ.,) in Rumi the word in this sense is pronounced yed- Sdn. 348r. 1.

2 yet- (catch up) (yet) originally ‘to overtake, catch up with (someone Acc.)’, implying movement by both parties, as opposed to teg- ‘to reach (something stationary Dat.)'; but from an early period also almost Intrans., ‘to be sufficient’, i.e. ‘to catch up with what is required’, and sometimes more vaguely ‘to reach’; in these usages the Object, if stated, is normally in the Dat. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes; the position în Kaš. and variations in vocalization point clearly to -e-. Uyğ. vııı Šu. E 2-3 (yiče:); o.o. do. E 1, 5 8: vııı ff. Bud. avıčğa aruki yetti ‘the old man’s weariness overtook him’ PP '37, 1; yılımız yašımız yetdi ‘our years and age have caught up with us’ (i.e. we have come to the end of our lives) U II 88, 79; birök senig küčüg yetmese (in ‘if your strength is insufficient’ do. 26, 12-13; similar phr. U III 71, 6; TT V 8, 67 — 8; 73-4; USp. 43, 5: Civ. küči yetmeser TT VII 25, 18: Xak. xı (after yit- (gone, stray, get lost, perish) and in the same para.) and one says ol meni: yetti: (ye' carries both fatha and kasra) lahiqa it ‘he caught me up’ (or someone else) (yete:r, yetme:k; MS. yete.r, yetme:k; 1 ye:t- follows here) Kaš. II 314; emdi: anı: kim yete:r ‘who can now overtake him?’ (yalhaquhu) I 192, 6; (he takes his hawk and mounts his blood-horse and) arkar yete:r ‘overtakes (yudrik) the mountain sheep’ I 421, 17; andağ sü:ke: kim yete:r ‘who can overcome (yuqdir muqawama) an army like that?’ II 274, 27; a.o. III 406, 3 \885\ (lahiqa): KB (your authority) tüzü nerjke yetti ‘has extended over everything' 9; (a small boy) yašı yetmeginče ‘until he reaches years of discretion’ 293; (if the man that catches me does not put a halter on me, I fly like a gazelle) kim ol yetteči ‘who will be able to overtake me?’ 722; o.o. 12, 2401 (učaŋ: xr 11 (?) At. yeter baška bir kün bu tıl bošlağı ‘these idle words will one day catch up with you’ (lit. your head) 136; akı er biligni yete bildi kör ‘see, the generous man knows how to achieve knowledge’ 237; Tef. yet-to reach; to suffice (w. Dat.)' 151: xıv Muh. balağa ‘to reachyet- Mel. 24, 3; Rif. 105 (adding wa wasala ‘to arrive’); lahiqa wa wacada (‘to find’) yet- 114 (da:p- 30, 15): Čağ. xv ff. yet- (-tŋ yetiš-... wa döndür- ‘to reach ... to turn (someone) back’ Vel. 411-12 (quotn.); yet- (spelt) (1) rasidan ‘to come, arrive’ San. 348r. 1 (quotns.): Oğuz/Kip. xı (after 1 ye:t-) the Oğuz and Kip. turn every initial y- into c- and say ol meni: cetti: lahiqani for yetti: (sic) w. y- Kaš. II 314: Xwar. xııı yet- ‘to reach’ 'Ali 32: xıv yet- ditto Qutb 78; MN 60, etc. (also ‘to equal in value’): Kom. xıv ‘to reach; to sufficeyet-; yet- is also used for ‘to join, to fasten on’, which might be a muddled reminiscence of 1 ye:t- CCI, CCG; Gr. 123 (quotns.): Osm. xıv ff. yet- ‘to overtake, to reach’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 824; II 104s; HI 804; IV 878.
885

yit- (gone, stray, get lost, perish) ‘to stray, get lost’; hence by extension ‘to perish’ and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Türkü vııı (the people) ölü: yitü: ‘dying and getting lost (gone)’ I E 27, 28, II E 22; (the people) yitmiš ıčğmmıš ‘went astray (gone) and submitted’ (i.e. to China) Ongin 1; yitmezün do. 3: Uyğ. vııı (you my people) öltiŋ yitdiŋ... ölmeči: yitmeči: sen ‘died and got lost (gone)... you will not die or get lost (gone)’ Šu. E 5: vııı ff. Bud. Suv. 615, 14-15 (ona:): Xak. xı yitti: ne: () ‘the thing went astray’ (dalla) Kaš. II 314 (no Aor. or Infin.; followed by 2 yet- (catch up) (yet)); biügig yite:r ‘your mind wanders (gone)’ (yadttll) I 467, 8: KB (some stars are guides) yltse yol ‘if a man loses his way’ 129; (if the wicked raise their heads) edgü yiter ‘the good man is at a loss (gone)’ 890; yitti ögi ‘his mind wandered (gone)’ 1062; a.o. 1178 (2 ögsüz): xııı (?) At. uvut yitti ‘modesty has ceased to exist (gone)’ 417; Tef. yit- ‘to go astray (gone)’ 154: Čağ. xv ff. it- (‘with i-’; treated in a single para. w. e:t- (do, make, create, ornament, adorn, put in order, organize), 1 it- (push, shove, push over), and it- (yıdı:- (smell, stink))) ... (3) gum wa mafqiid gaštatı ‘to be lost, missing’; (4) pirhen wa muxfa šudan ‘to be hidden, concealed’ San. 93r. le: Xwar. xııı (?) (the stallion) közdin yitü kačtı ‘ran away and was lost to sight’ Oğ. 228-9: xıv yit- ‘to perish’ Qutb 80: Kip. xııı halaka min halaki’l-ma'mür ‘to perish’, of an official (? corrupt) yit- (MS. t.b-) Hou. 35, 10: xıv yit- halaka wa fana (‘to disappear’) td. 91: xv da'a ‘to go astray, to perish’ yit-Kav. 9, 4; Tuh. 23a. 12; 'adima ‘to be lost, deficient’ (fas bol-/) yit-, which also means de'a do. 26a. 10: Osm. xıv ff. yit- ‘to be lost, to perish’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 832; II 1055; III 813; /F889.\\\

D yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove (nix)) der. f. in -d- (here Trans.; cf. to:d-) fr. *yo:-, cf. yo:k (negative, having nothing); ‘to destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off (nix)’, and the like. Survives in NE Tuv. čot-/čod-: NC Kır., Kzx. joy-: NW Kk. joy-; Nog. yoy-: SW Tkm. yoy-; other languages use yok et- and the like in this sense. SC Uzb. yÜy- ‘to interpret (dreams)’ is a Sec. f. of yor-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit nirme-dayitve ‘having abandoned arrogance’ yotop (for yodop) TT VIII C.9; ( (he cut through the youth’s neck and) bašın yerde yoydihid (?) his head in the ground’ U III 64, 21; prob. a misreading of yıkdı): Xak. xı ol topra:k yü:zindin yo:dti: ‘he wiped (masaha) the dust off his face’; and one says ol bitig yo:dti: ‘he obliterated (mahe) the writing’ (etc.) Kaš. III 434 (yo:da:r, yo:dma:k): xııı (?) At. bale ranc yodup ‘wiping out the pain of misfortune’ 350: Čağ. xv ff. yoy- (sic ?) mahw wa ma'düm kardan ‘to destroy, annihilate’ San. 347V. 13; cuy- (spelt; ‘with -u-’) bar \araf wa ne-büd kardan ‘to remove, destroy’ 215V. 19: Xwar. ( xııı yoyut- ‘to hide’; if correctly read PCaus. f., ‘to hide’ 'Ali 49): xıv yoy- ‘to erase’ Qutb 85 (yuy-); MN 3: Kip. xııı kašata ‘to strip off’ yo:y- (Imperat. in error -gil) Hou. 33, 13: xıv yoy-mahe wa kašata td. 100: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) y°y- <to destroy, obliterate’; fairly common TTS I 843; II 1068; III 821; IV 899.

yut- (swallow) ‘to swallow’ and the like; s.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Oğuz/Kıp. XI ol yumurtğa:m: yuttı: ‘he swallowed (ibtala'a) the egg’ (etc.) Kaš. II 313 (yu:ta:r, yu:tma:k, sic): ( xııı (?) Tef. yutdur- ‘to cause to swallow’ 164): xıv Muh. (}) al-baV ‘to swallow’ yutma:k Rif. 119 (only); in 105 balağa wa wašala (a repetition of the previous entry) yarti: is no doubt a corruption of bali'a yu:ttı:: Čağ. xv ff. yut - furü xwurdan wa bal' kardan ‘to gulp down, swallow’ San. 34ir. 15 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yut- ‘to swallow, absorb’ Qutb 87: Kom. xıv ditto yout- (sic}) CCG; Gr. 127 (quotn.): Kip. xııı bali'a yut- Hou. 35, e: xıv yut- bali'a, and in the Kiteb Beylik yut- macca ‘to sip’ td. 95; bali'a wa macca yut- Bul. 34V.: xv yut- bali'a Kav. 8, 16; 10, 8; 76, 1; Tuh. 8b. 2; 53a. 5.

D yü:d- (carry) der f. in -d- (here Trans.; cf. to:d-) fr. *yü:-, cf. yük; ‘to carry (something Acc.)’. Survives only (?) in NE Tel. yüy- quoted under 4 yüt- R III 611. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (faith is the support) yük yüdmekniŋ ‘in carrying the burden’ (of attaining goodness) TT V 22, 43; yüküg yüderler ‘they carry the burden’ do. 24, 49; yükîn yüde U II 76, 3: Xak. xı ol yük yü:dti: hamala’l-himl ‘he carried the burden’ Kaš. İII 434 (yü:de:r, yü:dme:k); o.o. / 404 (keten), 448 (kük): KB yüdti... yüki 59, 1874-6; (he is the best of men and) bodun yüdgüsi ‘the one who carries the common people’ 543; o.o. 1720, 2680 (ava:ğ), 5115, 5558: xııı (?) At. (do not take more of this world’s good than is necessary or) wabal yüdgülük ‘you will have to carry \886\ (a load of) sin’ 190; (suffering is transitory; the patient man survives) tawebın yüdüp ‘carrying his (load of) uprightness’ 352; Tef. yüd- ditto 165.
886

Dis. YDA

yetti: (yeddi:) (seven)seven’. There is no doubt that the medial consonant was originally double, cf. ekkf:, q.v. C.i.a.p.a.i. The original voiced consonant survives in the Kip. forms listed below and in SW Az. yeddi; Osm., Tkm. yedi; and the double consonant in SE Türki yette I3Š 648, yetti Jarring 155: SC Uzb., NW Kumyk yetti: SW Az. yeddi. For the -e- cf. yetmiš. Türkü vııı over a dozen occurrences, yeti: commoner than yeti:: vııı ff. Man. yeti is common: Yen. yeti: yegermi:seventeen’ Mai. 26, 5; yeti: do. 48, 9: Uyğ. \\ ıx inim yeti: ‘I had seven younger brothers’ Suci e: vııı ff. Man.-A, Man., Bud., Civ. yeti is common: Xak. xı (by itself, under the heading fa'lal, requiring four letters) yeti: (? read yetti:) ‘the number seven’;• hence one says yeti: kat kö:k sab'a atbaq mina'l-sama-u'et ‘the seven layers of the heavens’ Kaš. III 27; yeti: III 227 (böke:): xııı (?) Tef. yeti: (once yetdü:) 152: xıv Muh. sab'a ye:di: Mel. 81, 8; yeti: Rif. 18e: Čağ. xv ff. y^tti ‘the number seven’, also pronounced ba-taxfif4 te, i.e. as yeti San. 348V. 17 (on the -tt- see 20V. 9 ff.): Xwar. xıv yeti Qutb 78: Kom. xıv ‘seven; a week’ yeti/yetti CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı sab'a yeti: Hou. 22, e: xıv yetti: (sic) al-sab'a, originally (ıva'l-ašl) yedi:, also so pronounced td. 91; sab'a yeddi: (sic) Bul. 12, 11: xv yedi: Kav. 65, 7; Tuh. 60b. 7 a.o.o. (the forms w. -d- are prob. Tkm.): Osm. xıv andxv yedi occurs in several texts TTS III 810; IV 884. •

E yita: in O. Kır., see ayıt- (ask, say, speak, declare, prescribe),

S yiti: See yitig (sharp, alert, quick, clever).

yota: ‘the thigh’; unusually rare for an anatomical term. Survives in this sense in NE yoda/yodo R III 440: SE Tar. yota do.; Türki yota BŠ 662; yote/yo:te/yöte/le:ta/ lo:te Jarring 159: (NC Kır. joto; Kzx. jota ‘mountain crest, or range’ is difficult to connect). Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. in TT VII 19 describing the position of the soul in the twelve days of the animal cycle yota comes after ‘arm: and a gap and before ‘forehead’ and ‘side’; (the order seems to be chaotic): Xak. xı tavğa:č (VU) yoda:si: ‘the name of a tree’ Kaš. I 453 (tavğa:č) may perhaps belong here, ' but medial -d- is unusual in Xak. and may be an error for -d-, which makes the connection improbable: (KB yodasi tezig is an error in the Vienna MS. for tuša ham tizig 712): Xiv Muh. (?) al-saq ‘leg, thigh’ yo:ta: Rif. 142 (only): (Kom. xıv yota ‘a set of teeth’, CCG; Gr., might be a mistranslation of this word).

Dis. V. YDA-

D yıdı:- (smell, stink) Den. V. fr. yı:d (yı:δ ) (scent, odour, smell, stink) (odor); ‘to have an unpleasant smell, to stink’. Survives only (?) in NE yıdı-/čıdı-; Khak. cızı-. Some languages \\ use yidla:-, q.v., (normally Trans.) in this sense, but the syn. V. sası:- is much more widely distributed. Türkü vııı ff. Man. M I 6, 5 (toz- (become dust, volatilise)): Uyg. vııı ff. Bud. U III 25, 6 (toğral-); TT VI 445 (sası:-): Xak. xı et yıdı:dı: ‘the meat smelt bad’ (axamnia), also used when anything ‘stank’ (antana) Kaš. III 86 (yıdı:r, yidi:ma:k, corrected fr. me:k); yidi:di: ne:g ‘the thing stank’ (natina)\ a pejorative word (luğa radiya) III 260 (a later insertion in the text, after the cross-heading -R- and without Aor. or Infin.; prob. originally a marginal note in an earlier MS.): KB (the mind of man is like meat) artar yıdır ‘it decays and stinks’ 5862; XIV Muh. cafa ‘to stink’ yiy- Mel. 24, 15; Rif. 107; (ceyif yi:r 66, 5; 165 yıyığ): Čağ. xv ff. it- (‘with i-\ see yit- (gone, stray, get lost, perish)).. . (4) el//wrdon ‘to emit an odour’ San. 93r. le: Kom. xıv ‘to stink’ ıy- (or ıyı- ?) CCI, CCG; Gr. 273 (quotns.): Kip. xıv yiyi- ‘to emit an odour’ (feha); in the Kiteb Beylik yıyı is ‘pungency’ (al-dafaŋ, and when they said yıydı: (sic) it meant specifically an unpleasant smell (ixtašša bi’l-reyihati’l-muntina), and if they meant ‘a pleasant (fayyiba) smell’ they added an indication of it to the V. and said tatlu: yiytr ‘it smells sweet’ Id. 100; antana yiyi- (sic?, Infin. -nwk) Bul. 3or.: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) yiy-/yiyi- (Infin. -mek) ‘to stink’; common TTS I 834; II 1057; III 814; IV 891. ~

yiti:- (sharp, alert, quick, clever) ‘to be sharp’; not noted earlier than Čağ., and now ?obsolete everywhere, but see yitit- (sharp), yitig (sharp, alert, quick, clever). Čağ. xv ff. iti- (spelt, ‘with i-’) fund šudan ‘to be swift, active, impetuous’, and the like San. 94V. 19 (quotn.).

Dis. YDC

D ya:tčı: (ya:dčı:) N.Ag. fr. 2 ya:t; properly ‘a rain-making magician', but in translated Bud. texts used less specifically for ‘magician’ in general. As such n.o.a.b.; forms like yadačı in Čağ. xv ff. (quoting Babur; not, as described, Osm.) and NE Alt., Kumd., Tel. R III 210 are reborrowings fr. Mong.; and see ya:cı:. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. U II 84, 12 etc. (Iu:): Xak. xı Kaš. III 307 (2 yatla:- (call rain)); n.m.e.

Dis. YDD

VUD yatut Hap. leg., but syn. w. yatrum; Dev. N., Active or Caus. ?, fr. yat- (lie down, sleep, settle) in the sense of ‘lying down, waiting’, or the like. Xak. xı yatut al-niadad fVl-cund ‘the reserves in an army’; taken fr. the phr. yatut sač al-ša'ru'l-ladl ursila ba'da'l-atvwal ‘the hair which has been left to hang after the first’ (has been plaited or cut off?) Kaš. II 287 (al-awival does not seem to have any special technical sense in this context and may be corrupt).

D yodut Active Dev. N. fr. yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove); lit. ‘destructive, damaging’, or the like. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı yodut al-šay’u’llatfi le xayr fihi ‘a thing which has nothing good about it’; and when a man is cursed (or abused, subba) one says yodut Kaš. III 8; a.o. do. 13 (yoduğ).

Dis. YDĞ

Dis. V. YDD-

D yidnt- Caus. f. of yıdı:- (smell, stink); ‘to make (something) stink’; n.o.a.b. Türkü vııı yilka: tegm1:ši:g yıdı:tmayı:n ayka: tegmi:ši:g arta:tmayı:n edgü:si: bolzurn ‘I will not make one that has reached (the age of) a year stink, or one that has reached (the age of) a month putrefy; may good come to them’ IrkB 59: Uyğ, vııı ff. Bud. TT X 547 (sasıt-).

D yitit- (sharpen) Caus. f. of yiti:-; ‘to sharpen’. Not well attested in the early period or widely distributed now, but survives in NE Khak. čitet-; Tuv. čidit-: SW xx Anat. itit- SDD 802; the cognate form SW itile-; Tkm. yltile- also occurs. Cf. bile:- (sharpen), yanu:-. Xak. (xi yitit- (sic) in Kaš. II 317 is a correction in a later hand of yanut-, q.-v.): xııı (?) At. ukuš xüš yititip sözümni ag-a ‘sharpen up your understanding and mind and remember my words’ 22: xıv Muh. (}) ahadda ‘to sharpen’ (bile:- (sharpen); in margin) yitit- Rif. 102: Čağ. xv ff. itit- (spelt) Caus. f.; tund kardan ‘to make swift, active’, etc. San. 9$r. 4 (quotns.; corrupted in P. de C. to inil-): Kip. xıv yltit-sanna ‘to sharpen’ Id. 91.

D yadtur- (spread out) Caus. f. of ya:d-; ‘to order to spread out’ and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. as yay-dur-/čaydur-, etc. Türkü vııı ff. Man. nomuğ törüg yadturmatın tıdtımız erser ‘if we have impeded the (true) doctrine and rules by not causing them to be published abroad’ Chuas. 74-5: Xak. xı ol agar töše:k yatturdi: ‘he ordered him to spread out (absafahu) the mattress’, or anything else that is spread out; originally yadturdi: but assimilated ; and one says men agar sü:sin yatturdum ‘I ordered him to disperse (bi--lafrlq) his army’ (etc.) Kaš. III 93 (yatturur, yatturma:k).

D yedtür- (lead, help, pack (bale)) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of yed- (or yi:d-) (lead, help, pack (bale)). Xak. xı (after yittür-; yettürdi:) is also used when one has urged him to pack ('aid ta'biya) his goods and stores in a bale or the like, originally yedtürdüm (sic) but assimilated Kaš. III 94 (no Aor. or Infin.).

D yodtur- Caus. f. of yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove); s.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes as yo:d-. Xak. xı men agar bitig yotturdum 'I made him obliterate (amhaytuhu) the writing’ (etc.); originally yodturdum; also used of anything when you have wiped it out (amsahtahu) until the traces of it disappear Kaš. IİI 94 (yottururmen, yotturma:k; MS. y.tt.rdma.k).

Dis. YDĞ

yada:ğ (on foot, пешком)on foot’ (as opposed to ‘on horseback’). S.i.a.m.l.g. except SE; NE Khak. čazağ; Tuv. čadağ: NC Kır. jö: (sic); Kzx. jayaw: SC Uzb. yayov: NW yayav/jayaw, etc.: SW Az., Osm. yaya. Türkü vııı yadağ süsin ‘their infantry’ (as apposed to atlığ süsi: ‘their cavalry’) IIS 1; (two-thirds of them were mounted) bir ülügi: yadağ ‘one-third on foot’ T 4; yadağın 'on foot’ IE 28, 32; T 25; a.o. \\ IIE 32 (yaviz): Uyğ. vııı Šu. S 9 (kedimlig): Xak. xı yadağ (MS. lyadağ) al-rdcil ‘pedestrian, on foot’ Kaš. III 28; a.o. I 381, 5: KB 1734 (kulačla:-), 2370 (okčı:), 3831: xıv Rbğ. yadağ yori ‘go on foot’ R III 209; Muh. al-rdcil (opposite to ‘mounted’ atlığ) yaya:ğ Mel. 50, 12; 55, 11; yada:ğ (-d-) Rif. 146; ya:ya:k 153: Čağ. xv ff. yayak piydda ‘pedestrian, on foot’ San. 340V. 29 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yadağ ditto Nahc. 24, 17: Kıp. xııı al-rdcil (opposite to ‘mounted’ aČlu:) ya:ya:ğ Hou. 26, 15: Osm. xıv ff. yayak and yayan (? crasis of yadağın) common till xvi, yaya noted fr. xv onwards TTS I 804; II 1021; 111 787; IV 861.
887

D yatığ Dev. N. fr. yat- (lie down, sleep, settle); lit. ‘lying down’ and the like. S.i.s.m.l., e.g. NC Kır. jatu: NW Kk. jatiw; SW Osm. yati; Tkm. yatuv; the specific meaning in Kaš. seems to be Hap. leg. Xak. xı yatığ al-mandm ‘sleeping quarters’; hence one says anı: yatığında: tutğıl ‘seize him in his sleeping quarters’ Kaš. III 12: (KB not noted, yatığ in 495-6 is the Acc. of 1 ya:t, 1 ya:d (stranger, foreigner; strange, foreign) and in the Vienna MS., 4704, an error for batığ).

VUD yatık Dev. N. in -lk (?) fr. yat- (lie down, sleep, settle); this Suff. is very dubious in Xak., the word follows the entries of yatuk and may be a mis-vocalization of that word, cf. yitükle:-; it is Hap. leg. in this sense; all modem forms of yatık are Sec. sf. of yatuk. Xak. xı yatık al-naiom voa'1-manem ayda (n) both ‘sleep’ and ‘sleeping quarters’; hence one says <ol> am: yatikinda: tutti: ‘he seized him in his sleep or in his sleeping quarters’ Kaš. III 15.

D yatuk (lying down, prone, prostrate, horizontal, gently sloping, polite, modest) Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. yat- (lie down, sleep, settle); the general meaning is ‘lying down, prone, prostrate’ w. various special applications. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, SE as yatık/jatık ‘prostrate, horizontal, gently sloping’; metaph. ‘polite, modest’, and the like. Kaš.’s first meaning is difficult to connect semantically and may be a l.-w. Xak. xı yatuk the name of ‘a woollen fabric’ (al-šüf) woven of two kinds (of thread); the warp is wool and the weft cotton; yatuk ne:g ‘anything thrown away and abandoned’ (al-matrûh ıva'1-mansî); hence ‘a sluŋgard’ (or idler, at-kasldn) is called yatuk kiši:; and a section of the Oğuz who live in their towns and do not migrate to other places or engage in raids (yağzün) are called yatuk that is ‘sluŋgards and wasters’ (al-kusdlS îva'l-matrûhün) Kaš. III 14 (yatık follows): Čağ. xv ff. yatuk surdhi-yi pahn ‘a broad squat goblet’, called in Pe. battak (‘little duck’) (quotn.); the translation of yatuğ/yatuk as ‘a musical instrument’ in the Rumi author (Vel. 407) is an error San. 326V. 22 (it is a misreading of yatuğan, a Mong. l.-w. listed in San.): Osm. xv ff. yatik/yatuk ‘a broad squat goblet, or jug’; fairly common TTS I 795; II ior3; III 780; IV 855.

D yıdığ Dev. N./A. fr. yıdı:- (smell, stink); ‘smell, odour (usually, not always, unpleasant); foulsmelling’. Survives in NE yıdığ/čıdığ/čızığ; \888\ elsewhere it is difficult to distinguish between modern forms of this word and y>:d. Uyğ. vııı ff. Hud. TT VI 229 (ölüg), 445 (sasığ): Civ. (if a man’s armpit is) yıdığ ‘malodorous’ .... yıdığı keter ‘its foul smell disappears’ II I 2<S 9: Xak. xı yıdığ ‘malodorous’ (al-muntin) of anything; yıdığ ot af-harma! ‘rue, Peganuin harmala in the language of Ka.šğar; in the language of Uč and Barsğa:n it is called ildrük and in Oğuz yü:ze:rlik Kaš. III 12: KB 999 (tıdığ): xıv Muh.(?) ca if ‘stinking’ yıyığ Rif. 165 (Mel. 66, 5 yi:ŋ: Xwar. xıv y!dığ/yıdı ‘smell, odour’ (usually pleasant) Qutb 89; Nahc. 31, 7; 263, 3-5; 422, 11: Osm. xıv yiyi (sic?) ‘odour, smell’ (not unpleasant); in several texts, transcribed yiyi TTS I 834; II 1057; IV 891
888

Dis. YDĞ

D yoduğ Dev. N. fr. yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove); survives in the sense of ‘destruction, extermination’, and the like in NC Kır. joyu:; Kzx. joyu: NW Kk. joynv. Cf. yodut. Xak. xı yoduğ hnwa atı yu'xada'f-racul bi-curm ğayrihi is used when a man is caught for someone else’s crime; hence one says anığ yoduğı: tokındı: asabahu wabdf c-urm ğayrihi ‘the evil effects of someone else’s crime struck him’ Kaš. III 12: KB isizke ot erdi yağıka yoduğ ‘he was fire to the wicked and destruction to the enemy’ 408-; (your life is finished) ökünč ol yoduğ ‘it is (the time for) repentance and annihilation’ 1400; o.o. 3552, 4545, 5423, 5864 (yorjarğčt:): Gancak xı yoduğ ‘a term of abuse’ (sabb) applied to bovs; takes the place of yodut Kaš. III 13. '

?E yodki: Hap. lep.; there is at least one other mis-spelling in this verse, and this word, which is morphologically inexplicable, is no doubt an error, prob. for kodki:. Xak. xı bakmas bodun sevüğsüz yodki: yiizi: (I\1S. yiidi:) sarnnka: Id (VU) yaha'ati (unvocalized,? error for yutli'ntŋ 'l-<itm'tn ild'l-baxili'l-bagidi (MS. bağlzŋ'l-kdlihi'l-Ti'ach ‘the people do not raise their heads (?) to the odious peevishfaced miser’ Kaš. II 250, 3; n.m.e.

D yatğa:k Dev. N./A. (connoting habitual action) fr. yat- (lie down, sleep, settle); lit. ‘habitually lying down’. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NIC (?), in SE as yatkaksluggard’ (cf. yatuk) and elsewhere as yatak/jataksleeping quarters’ and usually more specifically ‘bed, animal’s lair, permanent settlement’, and the like. Xak. xı yatğa:k hdrisu'l--ntalik wa'l-hisn tea nahwihi ‘the guard (or sentry, here specifically by night) of a king, fortress, etc.’; hence one says yatğa:k yattı: bdta'I-racul hdrisa (n) ‘the man spent the night on guard’ Kaš. III 42: KB tüni yattı yatğakta ‘he spent his night on guard’ 052; o.o. 608 (turğa:k), 1606, 2533: xıv Muh. (?) Rif. 168 (only, arka:): Čağ. xv ff. yatağ/yatak xndbgdh ‘sleeping quarters’ (quotns. Čağ. and Rumi)\ and metaph. pds wa pdsddrt ‘guard, guard duty’ San. 326V. 12 (adding that some lexicographers claim the word as Pe.): Osm. xıv and xvı yatak ‘animal’s lair’; in two texts TTS II 1013; IV 854.\\\

D *yadğuk Hap. leg.; Conc. N. (N.I.?) fr. ya:d-; lit. ‘something which spreads out something’. Kıp. \ı yayğıık šišiya tadyi'l--faras ‘the teat of a marc’s udiler’; some of them say yazğuk Kaš. III 27.

D yadğıın (spread out, пространый) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. yard-; lit. ‘spread out’. Survives in NIC Alt., 'I’el. yaykın/yaykkın; Bar. yayğm, used in the phr. yaykin (etc.) su: ‘a river in flood’, Ii III 7, and recently revived in SW Rep. Turkish as yayğın ‘widely used or seen; spreading’ (borrowed fr. Ii III 7). Xak. xı KB beğiğ košnı kılma ya yadğun ögüz ‘do not make a beg or a river in flood your neighbour’ 4546.

Dis. V. YDĞ-

D yatık- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr. 1 ya:t, 1 ya:d (stranger, foreigner; strange, foreign). Xak. xı yağuk kiši: yatıktı: ‘the neighbour became a stranger’ (šdra... acnahî) Kaš. İli 76 (yatıka:r, yatıkma:k).

D yutık- Intrans. Den. V. fr. yut. Pec. to Koš. Xak. xı yılkı: yutıktı: ‘the livestock were severely affected (ihtaraqat, lit. ‘burnt’) by the snow’, that is when they died of cold Kaš. Ilf 76 (yııtıka:r, yutikma:k); the same sentence is quoted in / 21, 2 as an example of a Pass. (niafill) V. in which the Suff. -lk- has the connotation of being overcome (ntnğlüb aw tnaqhuŋ by something.

D yatğur- Caus. f. of yat- (lie down, sleep, settle); s.i.s.m.l. w. the same meaning, e.g. NW Kk. jatkar- (sic): SW Osm., Tkm. yatır-; (Az. yatırt-), but most use forms of the later Caus. f. yatğız-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if a murderer is reborn in hell, the lords of hell there) töpün yatğurur-lar ‘make him lie face downwards’ (on the red-hot flooŋ T M IV 252, 34; o.o. PP 65, 4 (čoınbur-); U III 14, 7: Xak. xı ol am: yatğurdı: adca’ahu 7ca annntahu ‘he made him lie down and sleep’ Kaš. III 99 (yatğurur, yatğurma:k): xıv Muh. vawwamn ‘to put to sleep’ (ya.'tğız- Mel. 41, to); yatğur- Rif. 131: Čağ. xv ff. yatkur- yatur- Vel. 405; yatğur- (spelt) xredbdnfdan ‘to put to sleep’ San. 32er. 27 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı yatkur-/ yatur- ditto 'A/i 24, 25: xıv yatur- ditto Qutb 75: Kip. xıv yatkir- arqada ‘to put to sleep’, originally yatdir- with the -d-irregularly altered to -k- Id. 94; arqada yatur- Bid. 22r.: xv ditto yatkir- Tuh. 55a. 10; the Caus. f. of yaf- ndma is yafkir- Kav. 68, 18.

D yatğaš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of *yatğa:. Den. V. fr. yatığ. Xak. xı ol anıŋ birle: yatğašdı: dd'acahu ‘he lay down beside him’ Kaš. III 103 (yatğašı:r, yatğašma:k).

Tris. YDĞ

D yadağlık Hap. leg. ; A.N. fr. yada:ğ. Xak. xı yadağlık al-rucla fi'I-sayr ‘travelling on foot’ Kaš. III 51: (KB 4263 yıdağlık in the Vienna MS. is an error for tayağlik).

D yadığlığ P.N./A. fr. *yadığ Dev. N. fr. ya:d-; pec. to Xak. Xak. xı yadığlığ töše:k \889\ ‘a mattress which is spread out’ (al-mabsüt) Kaš. III 49; a.o. 50, 18.
889

D yıdığlık (putridity, foul smell) Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. yıdığ. Xak. xi yıdığlık (MS. yadğılık) nl-naln wa'l-bild ma’a (n) both ‘foul smell’ and ‘putridity’ Kaš. III 51.

D yatğašuk Hap. lep.; Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. yatğaš-, Xak. xı yatğašuk al-dact' (MS. al-dacîğ)'a bed-fellow’; yatğašuk (MS. yatğašık) uğrı: al- atama ‘bed-time’, in one dialect (fi luğa) Kaš. III 55.

Dis. YDG

D yitig (sharp, alert, quick, clever) Dev. N./A. fr. yiti:-; lit. ‘sharp’, metaph. ‘alert, quick, clever’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SC; NE Kač., Koib., Kuer. yidig R III 527; Alt. ödü; Khak. či-tig; Tuv. Čidig: SE Türki yittik/ittik/ištik Jarring 144: NC Kzx. jiti: NW Kumyk itti: SW Az. iti; Osm. iti/itik (now obsolete); Tkm. yiti. The Uyğ. forms yiti/yitti and yiti in KB are unusual for so early a period. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yiti (spelt ytŋ kılıč ‘a sharp sword’ U I 37, 14; II 78, 30-1 (ditto); 86, 48 (yitŋ; yitti ‘sharp’ (knife) 111 64, 12; IV 32, 6; 38, 131: Xak. xı yitig biček ‘a sharp (al-hadid) knife’; also used of anything else with a sharp edge (lahu hidda), swords etc.; yitig er ‘a man who is clever and sharp’ (al-nadb... al-hedd) in dealing with affairs Kaš. III 18; a.o. I 384, 22: KB yitig 329 (ič) — yiti kıl bu köz ‘keep a sharp look-out’ 927; (young warriors) bolur ked yiti (rhymes w. otŋ ‘become very keen’ 2373; o.o. 1133, 1855: xııı (?) Tef. yitig (... köz) 154: xıv Muh. al-hadd (opposite to ‘blunt’ bı:čma:z) yi:ti:/i:ti: Mel. 54, 5; yiti: Rif. 151: Čağ. xv ff. itik (‘with i-’)... (2) tund wa iiz ‘sharp, quick, alert’ (quotns.); and metaph. sari' wa ztld ‘rapid, fast’ (quotn.) San. 95V. 19: Xwar. xıv yitig ‘sharp’ Qutb 78; Nahc. 239, 14; Kom. xrvyiti/ltl ‘sharp’ C (JG; Gr. 134 (quotn.; misspelt yıtıjıtı): Kip. xııı al-heddul-qeti' (‘cutting’), e.g. a sword, etc. (opposite to ‘blunt’ (PU) čüge:) <yiti: ?> Hou. 27,7 (omitted in MS.): xıv yiti: al-haddu l-qati' Id. 91: xv hedd yiti: Tuh. 13a. 7: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) yiti (rare)/iti ‘sharp, quick’, etc., usually metaph.; fairly common TTS I 395; II 553; III 388; IV 443.

D yitük (lost, strayed) Intrans./Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. yit- (gone, stray, get lost, perish); ‘lost, strayed’, and the like. Survives in SW Az. itik; Osm., Tkm. yitik; such forms are not to be confused w. yitig. Xak. xı yitük al-della ‘a. strayed or lost animal’ Kaš. III 18 (prov., yitüklüg); o.o. II 115 (soruk-, mis-spelt tiyül); 143 (bulun-); 182 (čaltur-); IH 181 (2 so:r-): xııı (?) At. biligsiz tirigle yitük körgülük ‘one must look upon ignorant mortals (? , reading tirigleŋ as strayed (or lost)’ 94: Čağ. xv ff. itik (‘with i-’)  (1) mafqfid wa gum šuda ‘lost, strayed’ San. 95V. 19: Kip. xıv yitük al-deyi' ‘straying’ Id. 91: Osm. xıv ff. yitük, often yitik, occasionally yüttik ‘lost, strayed’ (usually of animals); c.i.a.p. TTS I 832; II 1056; III 813; IV 889.\\\

D yetge:k (yedge:k) as this word is noted only in association w. ye:d- and its der. f.s, presumably a Dev. N. (connoting habitual action) fr. ye:d-; lit. ‘something habitually tilled’. Xak. xı yetge.k al-ayba wa'l-rizma ‘sack, bale’ Kaš. III 70 (yediš-; mis-spelt yengc:h); al-rizma 77 (yedil-); rizmatul--mita aivi'l-'ayba 434 (ye:d-); n.m.e.

Tris. YDG

D yiti:glig (clever, alert) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. yitig (sharp, alert, quick, clever), presumably in its metaph. sense of ‘clever, alert’, etc. Türkü vııı ff. (a brave man’s son went to the army; on the battlefield he made himself (?) a powerful messenger (?); w-hen he comes home) özi: a:tanmi:š ögrüncü:lü:g atı: yiti:gli:g keli:r ‘he comes as one who has made himself famous, joyful, and with a reputation for alertness (?)’ IrkB 55.

D yitüklüg Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. yitük; noted only in a prov. illustrating yitük. Xak. xı yitüklüg ana:sı: ko:yun ača:r ‘the ownei of a lost animal (šehibu'1-deUa) searches for his lost animal (even) in his mother’s bosom’ Kaš. III 18; n.m.e.

D yeti:ge:n Den. N. in -ge:n, apparently a Sec. f. of -gü:n (Collective), fr. yeti: (yetti:); lit.’seven together’; ‘the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear’. Survives in NE yettegen and the like R HI 365: SW Osm. yediger (sic); Tkm. yedigen. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yetigen sutur ‘the Sütra of Ursa Major’ TT VII 40, 10; o.o. do. i2o (ağzan-), etc.: Xak. xı yeti:ge:n banet na'š ‘Ursa Major’ Kaš. III 37; o.o. 40, 12 (yultuz); 247, 24 (kačaŋ: KB yitigen kötürdi yana baš örü ‘Ursa Major raised its head again’ 6220: xıv Muh. (?) banet na'š tegiz (?) yetige:n Rif. 184 (the first word corrupt, prob. only an abortive attempt to write yetigem): Čağ. xv ff. yetigen 'the name of the constellation banetu'1-na'š (sic)'; in Rumi yediler/yedi kardaš San. 348V. 19: Xwar. xrv yetigen ditto Qutb 77: Kip. xıv yetigen (MS. yetegen) banet na'š İd. 91 ; ditto (MS. yitgen) Bul. 2, 13: xv ditto yetiger (sic) Tuh. 7a. 11: Osm. xıv ff. yedigen once or twice in xiv; yediger c.i.a.p. TTS I 808; II 1028; III 792; IV 865; and see Čağ.

Tris. V. YDG-

D yitükle:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. yitük; everywhere spelt yitikle:- which was no doubt the vocalization familiar to the scribe of our MS. Xak. xı ol at yitükle:di: anšada dalla faraš wa ğayrahu ‘he stated where the lost horse (etc.) could be found’ Kaš. III 343 (yitükle:r, yitükle:me:k).

Dis. YDL

yötül (yötöl) (cough) ‘a cough’; w. no obvious Turkish etymology, perhaps a l.-w. Survives in NE Alt., Tel. yödül; Bar. yödöl; Tuv. čödtü: SE Tar., Türki yötel (Jarring yütel): NC Kır jötöl; Kzx. jötei: SC Uzb. yütai: \890\ NW Kk. čötel; Kaz. yutel (sic); Kumyk, Nopay yötel, Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. TT VIII M.26 (1 baš); H II 22, 30: Čağ. xv ff. yötel surfa ‘cough’ San. 341 v. 9 (quotn.).
890

D yıdlığ (smelling, odorous) P.N./A. fr. yı:d (yı:δ ) (scent, odour, smell, stink) (odor); ‘having a smell, or odour’, usually preceded by a qualifying word describing its nature. S.i.s.m.l., sometimes much distorted, e.g. NC Kır. jittu:; Kzx. iyisti: SC Uzb. isli. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. M 7/8, 14-15 (ii) (kin); do. 9, 7; 10, 9 (yıparlığ); Wind. 29-30 (kil-): Bud. (of fruit, etc.) öglüg yıdlığ ‘colourful and fragrant’ Suv. 529, 12; a.o. TT V 8, 72-9 (1 tütsüg).

Dis. V. YDL-

D yadıl- (spread out, published abroad) Pass. f. of ya:d-; ‘to be spread out; to be published abroad’, etc. S.i.m.m.l.g. w. the same phonetic changes as ya:d-, Türkü vııı ff. Man. (these twelve two-hour periods, a Man. technical term) kögül ičre yadılur yarašur ‘are published abroad in the mind and are beneficial’ M III 19, 8-9 (ii); norm dim yadılmıšta ‘since the (Man.) doctrine and religion were preached’ TT II 17 bottom: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. ot öglüg sačı arkasında yadilu turup ‘his flame-coloured hair being spread over his back’ U IV 10, 674-,5 0«pd I 45, 13-14); ölüm yadılıp ‘death spreads’ (through all the organs of the dying man) TT 111, p. 26, note 5, 11; o.o. PP 7, 2 (kü:); U III 7, 14; TT VI 464; VIII K.8: Civ. atıŋ kü0 yadıldı ‘your name and fame have been published abroad’ TT I 146; a.o. VII 29, 10; see 1 yayıl-: Xak. xı sü: yadıldı: 'the army (etc.) dispersed’ (tafarraqa); and one says to:n kü:nke: yadıldı: ‘the garment was spread out (busita) in the sun’; also used of anything else when it was spread out; and ya:ğ to:nda: yadıldı: ‘the oil spread (Intrans.; tafašše) over the garment’ (etc.) Kaš. III 77 (yadlur (*iŋ, yadilma:k); (after 1 yayıl-) yayıldı: sü: ‘the army (etc.) dispersed’, alternative form with -d- in yadıldı: III 192 (yayilu.r, yayilma:k): o.o. I 442, 7 (tergin); III 148 (ba:z); 159 (1 ya:t, 1 ya:d (stranger, foreigner; strange, foreign)): KB yadil- (of a man’s fame) ‘to be spread abroad’ is common 458, 496, 737, etc.; yadıldı ağı ‘his net has been spread’ 4.224; a.o. 4892 (butik): Xm (?) Tef. yazıl- (sic) ‘to spread out, stretch out’ (Intrans.) 135; yayıl- ditto 136; Čağ. xv ff. yayıl- (1) pahn šudan ‘to be spread out’; (2) čarîdan sutür (of livestock) ‘to graze’ (i.e. spread out over the pasture) San. 340V. 11 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yayıl- ‘to be disseminated’, etc. Qutb 65: Kom. xıv yayıl- ‘to be spread out’ CCG; Gr.

D yedil- (lead, help, pack (bale)) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of yed- (or yi:d-) (lead, help, pack (bale)). Xak. xı yetge:k yedildi: xitati'l-rizma tea 'ubbiyati (MS. 'aybatŋ'l-mite' fihe ‘the bale was sewn together and the goods packed in it’ Kaš. III 77 (yedilür, yedilme:k; both unvocalized).

D yetil- (catch up) (yet) Pass. f. of 2 yet- (catch up) (yet); not Pass. in its ordinary meanings, which are rather Intrans.; survives, meaning ‘to arrive; be, or become, ready; ripen, reach maturity’ in SE Türki \\\ yetil- : NC Kır., Kzx. jet»-: SC Uzb. yetll-: NW Kk. jetil-. The Pass. f. of 1 ye:t- is not noted earlier than Osm. xıv ff. yedil- (led) (of an animal, blind man, etc.) 'to be led’ TTS I 809; II 1028; III 792; IV 865. Yitil- ‘to be sharpened’ Pass. f. of yiti:- is lirst noted in Osm. xv TTS I 831. Xak. xı ol sü:ke:yetildi:lahiqa l--cund ?ua ğayralm ‘he caught up the army’ (etc.) Kaš. III 77 (yetilü:r, yctilme:k, sic); a.o. I 106, 9 (1 e:l): KB (listen to the wise man...) yetilmiš yašı ‘of mature years’ 261, 1222; (my life has ended) yetildi ödüm ‘my time has come’ 1099; kamuğ arzularka yetildi elig ‘his hand has reached all his desires’ 1253; o.o. 1211 (marjit-), 4066, 57le: xııı (?) Tef. yetil- (of a crop) ‘to mature’; yašı yetilmiš; |eqat yetildi ‘his patience was exhausted’ 152: Čağ. xv ff. yetil- (-ip) yetiš- Vel. 412 (quotn.); y^til- (spelt) rasida šudan ‘to have arrived; to be ripe, mature’ San. 348r. 22 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv yetil- ‘to arrive; to be achieved’ and the like Qutb 78.

D yodul- (wiped out, wiped off, removed, erased, annihilated) Pass. f. of yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove) ; s.i.s.m.l. w. the same phonetic changes. Xak. xı ka:n kılıčtın yoduldı: ‘the blood was wiped (muhiya) off the sword’; and one says anıŋ at aydin yoduldı: ‘his name was erased from the Sultan’s register’ (muhiya... inin dhveni'l-sulten); also used of anything ide muhiya (erased) Kaš. III 77 (yodulur, yodulma:k): Čağ. xv ff. yoyul-malnu wa ma'düm šudan ‘to be wiped out, annihilated’ San. 347V. 18: Osm. xıv ff. yoyul- ‘to be erased, wiped out’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 843; II 1069; III 822; IV 899.

D 1 yatla:- (stranger, foreigner, repudiate, banish, чужак) Den. V. fr. 1 ya:t, 1 ya:d (stranger, foreigner; strange, foreign); ‘to treat as a stranger’ and the like; survives in SE Türki yatli-: SC Uzb. yotla-; most modern V.s of this form mean ‘to memorize’ and the like, and are Den. V.s fr. the Pe. l.-w. yedmemory’. Uyğ- vııı ff. Civ. (after undertaking various obligations) apam birök bu bitigdeki sözdin kayusı yatlasarbiz ‘if we repudiate any of the undertakings in this document’ USp. 77, 16-17: Xak. xı (after 2 yatla:- (call rain)) and one says ol am: yatla:di: ‘he reckoned that he was a stranger’ (acnabf) Kaš. III 308 (no Aor. or Infin.): Čağ. xv ff. yatla:- bigena wa dür kardan ‘to treat as a stranger; to banish’ San. 326V. 6 (quotn.).

D 2 yatla:- (call rain) Hap. leg., but see yatlat-, yatlan-; Den. V. fr. 2 ya:t. Xak. xı ya:tčı: yatla.'dı: takahhana'1-kehin bi'1-ahcer li'l--suhttb wa'l-amtar ‘the magician performed magic ceremonies with stones to (bring) clouds and rain’ Kaš. III 307 (1 yatla:- follows).

D yıdla:- (smell) Den. V. fr. yı:d (yı:δ ) (scent, odour, smell, stink) (odor); ‘to smell (something Acc.)'; cf. yıdı:- (smell, stink) (Intrans.), q.v. S.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (so too the nose) ... yid yipar yidlayur ‘smells (all sorts of) odours’ TT VI 168-9; yıdlamıš yıdığ ‘the odour which it smells’ do. 172: Xak. xı ol yıpa:r yidla:di: ‘he smelt (tašammama) the musk’ (etc.) Kaš. III 308 (yidla:r, yidla:ma:k): Xwar. xıv yiyla-‘to smell’ Qutb 91; (the murderer) učtmax \891\ yıdığnı yıdlamağay ‘will not smell the odour of paradise’ Nahc. 336, 7; a.o. 348, 7: Kip. xııı šamma ‘to smell’ (VU) yiyla:- (sic, Impernt. -gil) Hou. 41, 3: xıv ditto Id. 100: Osm. xıv to xvı (only) yiyla- ‘to smell’; common TTS I 835; II 1058; III 814; IV 891 (transcribed yiyle-; both -mak and -mek noted).
891

D yatlat- (call rain) Hap. lep.; Caus. f. of 2 yatla:- (call rain). Xak. xı beg yatlatti: ‘the beg ordered the magician (al-kahin) to perform magical ceremonies’ and he brought (caa bi-) wind and rain; this is well known in the country of the Turks; wind, hail, and rain are procured (yustaclab) with a stone by the permission of God most high Kaš. II 355 (yatlatu:r, yatlatma:k).

D yatlan- (call rain) Refl. f. of 2 yatla:- (call rain) ; pec. to Uyğ. Bud.; in spite of the views expressed in TT X, p. 29, note 387, where the relevant quotns. are assembled, which were put forward in ignorance of the existence of 2 ya:t, there is no doubt that yat yatlan- was the phr. used to translate an (ultimately) Sanskrit V. meaning ‘to perform magical ceremonies’; in this context there is no implication of rain magic. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the yakša's son for twelve years) yat yatlanğučı braman basasinda barip ‘followed the brahman who performed magical ceremonies’ TT X 561-2; (when) anıtyatlığ ürlüksüz yat yatlanğučı ‘ (the magician) who performs impermanent (Sanskrit anityate) and transitory magical ceremonies’ (comes and tries to steal my life) do. 539-40; o.o. (damaged) do. 387, 402, 413.

D yıdlan- (smell, stink) Refl. f. of yıdla:- (smell), used as Intrans./ Pass.; n.o.a.b. Xak. xı et yıdlandi: ‘the meat (etc.) began to smell’ (bad, tarawwaha) Kaš. III no (yıdlanu:r, yıdlanma:k): Xwar. xıv yıdlan-to be smelt’ (of milk on the breath) Qutb 89.

D yitlin- (go, leave, disappear) n.o.a.b. and generally used in association w. bar- (go, leave, outward, behave); the meaning is clearly something like ‘to go away, disappear’, which indicates that it is a Refl. Pass. f. of yit- (gone, stray, get lost, perish), irregular since yit- is Intrans. and cannot properly form a Pass. Cf. yltlintür-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (on the approach of death) ağazımdakı tatağlar barca yitlinlp ‘all the pleasant tastes in my mouth disappear’ U III 37» 30-1» (the sons of all the notables in Benares) yitlinlp barip ‘went away’ (from the city) do. 65, 8 (ii); (all the evil omens in the city) yitlinip barip U IV 24, 314; (if this sütra did not exist, the true interpretation of the doctrine) yitlinür yokadur ‘would disappear and perish’ Suv. 198, 9: Xwar. xıv yitlen-/itlen- (sic) ‘to disappear’ Qutb 62, 81 (and 80 yinlen-, scribal error); MN 91.

D yadlıš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yadil-, used as Intrans. Xak. xı sü: yadlıšdı: ‘the army dispersed (tafarraqat) in every direction’; also used when something spread (tafašše) in something else, e.g. thin ink in inferior paper Kaš. III 104 (yadlıšu:r, yadlıšma:k). \\\

D yıdlaš- (smell) Recip. f. of yıdla:- (smell); ‘to smell one another’. S.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes. Xak. xı yılkı: yıdlašdı: ‘the livestock (etc.) smelt one another’ (tašammamat) Kaš. III 104 (yıdlašu:r, yıdlašma:k; prov., see sözleš-): Osm. xıv and xvı yıylaš- ‘to smell one another'; in two texts TTS I 835; II 1058 (yiyleš-).

D yodluš- (wiped out, wiped off, removed, erased, annihilated) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yodul- (wiped out, wiped off, removed, erased, annihilated). Xak. xı bitlgle:r yodlušdı: ‘the writings (etc.) were (all) obliterated’ (inmahat) Kaš. III 105 (yodlušu:r, yodlušma:k).

Tris. YDL

D yitilik (sharpness, alertness) Hap. leg.?; A.N. fr. yiti: (yitig); ‘sharpness, alertness’. Xak. xı KB 2328 (komit-).

Tris. V. YDL-

D yitlintür- () Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of yitlin-; ‘to destroy, remove’, and the like. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (angeŋ yokadturur yitlintürür ‘destroys (Hend.)’ (all developed doctrines and modest thoughts) TT II 17, 71-2.

Dis. YDM

D yadım N.S.A. fr. yard-; lit. ‘a single sheading out’, in practice ‘carpet, rug’. Apparently survives in SW Osm. cacim ‘a kind of shaggy carpet’ Red. 663; in xx Anat. cecim/cicim SDD 250, 272; but this word must have been borrowed fr. some other unidentified Turkish language. See yayım and cf. kerim. Xak. xı yadım al-fireš wa'l--mihed 'carpet, mattress’; hence ‘a Chinese carpet’ (al-fağfüri, MS. al-mağfürŋ is called tü:lüg yadım ‘a hairy carpet’ (i.e. one with a woollen pile, dü šaŋ; wa laysat hadihi bi--ašllya ‘this is not original’ (meaning doubtful, ?not the original kind of carpet) Kaš. III 19; yadım al-biset ‘mattress’ is derived fr. yadti: basata I 15, 12; a.o. / 119, 5: KB 4442 (azaŋ.

E yitlm read by Atalay in Kaš. III 24 is an error for yayım.

D yitmiš ‘seventy’; der. fr. yitti:, cf. altmıš only. S.i.a.m.l.g. (except NE where erases of yetti: o:n like Khak. čiton; Tuv. čeden still survive) w. the usual phonetic changes. Türkü vııı yetmiš / E 12, II E 11: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A yetmiš MI 20, 15: Civ. yitmiš USp. 74, 2; 83, 4; 107, e: O. Kır. ıx ff. yetmiš Mal. 41, 9; 42, 3; 49, 2; yitmiš (w. the special letter for -e-) do. 45, 5: (Xak. ?) xııı (?) Tef. yetmiš 153: xıv Muh. sab'ün ‘seventy’ yi:tmi:š Mel. 81, 15; Rif. 187: Čağ. xv ff. yitmiš San. i2r. e: Kip. xııı sab'ün yetmiš Hou. 22, 14: xıv yetmiš sab'ün-, the -t- is changed from -d-, because ‘seven’ is yedi: and -miš is attached to change it to ‘seventy’ Id. 91; sab'ün yetmiš Bid. 12, 13:xv ditto Kav. 39, 6; 65, 9; Tuh. 60b. 10.

Dis. YDN

D yadiŋ Hap. leg.; Intrans. Dev. N. fr. ya:d-. Xak. xı yadq) su:v ‘shallow (al- \\ -dahdah) water which spreads (yaubasit) over the surface of the ground’ Kaš. III 372.
892

Dis. YDN

VU yatan/yataŋ pec. to Kaš.; grammatically this can hardly be a compound of 1 ya:; the alternative pronunciations suggest a l.-w., perhaps Chinese. Xak. xı yatan ‘a wooden how’ (al-qaws min xašab) for shooting arrows; yatan tea hiya qawsu'f-naddaf also ‘the bow-shaped implement of the cotton-carder’ Kaš. III 21 ; yatag al-haniyatu’Hatiyıınfaš bihal-šûf ‘the bow-shaped implement with which raw wool is worked’ III 372.

D yodun (obliterated, destroyed) Intrans./Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove); lit. ‘being obliterated, destroyed’; used only in the phr. yo:k yodun ‘destruction, annihilation'. N.o.a.b. Üyğ. virr ff. Man.-A yok yodun bolurjuz ‘may you be destroyed, and annihilated’ M I'9, 11: Bud. yok yodun kilmazun ‘let it not destroy’ TT X 321; o.o. (damaged) do. 314,410; II III 86, 10: (Xak.?) xııı (?) Tef. yok yocjun/yozun bol- ‘to perish’ 109-10 (mis-spelt budun I buzun). (budun, buzun, )

D yetinč (yeddinč) Ordinal f. of yetti:; ‘seventh’. A Tris. f. w. -i: attached emerged in the medieval period and s.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes except in some NE languages which use other forms; SW Az. veddinci; Osm. yedinci. Türkü viTi yetlfrč ay ‘the seventh month’ I NE; yetinč [ayj Origin 12; a.o. I N 5 (kılıčla:-): vııı ff. Man. yetinč Chuas. 124: Bud. yetinč PP 3 r, 6 etc.

Dis. V. YDN-

D yadm- Refl. f. of ya:d-; s.i.m.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes, usually meaning ‘to spread’ (Intrans.) and the like. Uyğ. vni. ff. Bud. Suv. 137, 23 (ačın-): Xak. xı ol toinm kü:nke: yadındı: ‘he made it his business to spread out (bast) bis garment (etc.) in the sun’ Kaš. III S3 (yadinu:r, yadinma:k): Kip. xv ittasa'a ‘to spread' (Intrans.) yayın- Tuh. 5b. 3; 6b. S.

D yodun- (wipe) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove). Xak. xı ol kö:zdin ya:š yodundi: ‘he wiped (masaha) the tears from his (own) eyes’; also used when a man has undertaken by himself (infarada) to wipe something off something else Kaš. III 83 (yodunu:r, yodunma:k).

Tris. YDN

D yetinčsiz (uncatchable, недогоняемый) Priv. N./A. fr. *yetinč, Dev. N. fr. *yetin- Refl. f. of 2 yet- (catch up) (yet); lit. (something) ‘which you cannot overtake, reach’, or the like, that is ‘infinitely broad’; generally used in association w. other words meaning ‘broad’. Cf. yetiz. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man.-A M III 31, 1 (iii) (kadiz): Bud. bu yetlnčsiz yetiz yağız yer ‘this broad (Hend.) brown earth’ U IV 12, 116; 48, 91; in TT VI 241, (this heaven and earth) keg alkığ ‘are broad’, some MSS. read yetinčsiz yetiz keŋ alkığ.

Dis. YDR

D yatar/yatur n.o.a.b.; Dev. N. fr. yat- (lie down, sleep, settle); both words clearly spelt, but as the Aor. of yat- is yatur the first is unusual; lit. (something) ‘lying down’ or the like. Xak. xı KB (whichever celestial mansion the moon enters it quickly leaves) čıkarı üčün terk yatarın yıkar 'because it leaves quickly it destroys its resting place’ 745; (the king came to inquire after Aytoldı) keİip kördi eHğ yatur halını ‘the king, when he came, saw the condition of the invalid’ 1068.

VU yidruk (ü-) ‘fist’; there is real doubt about the first vowel; the only Uyğ. occurrence is spelt yidruk; it was a First Period l.-w. in Mong. w. initial 11-, which makes the original n- certain, but while the earliest form is nodurğa (Haenisch 118) the standard form is nidurğa (Ko7V. 659, Haltod 142) and all modern forms in Turkish have -11- in the first syllable, which strongly suggests that the original vowel was -ı- later rounded by retrogressive assimilation. Survives in NE Alt., Bar., Leb, Tel. yudruk R III 565; Tuv. čuduruk (Khak. munzuruk is morphologically inexplicable): NC Kır. juduruk; Kzx. judirik: NW Kk. ditto; Kaz. yodrik; Nog. yudırık/yumırık. SE Türki: SC Uzb. use the Pe. l.-w. mušt; other NW and SW’ languages use forms of yumruk (see below) which is a Pass. Dev. N. fr. *yumur- Caus. f. of yum-, lit. ‘clenched’: Kumyk yumuruk: SW Az. yumruğ; Osm.” Tkm. yumruk. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (interlock the ten fingers of the two hands and) yidruk kılu sikzuti ‘press them together making a fist’ TT V io, 95: Xak. xı yudruk cum'id-knff ‘a fist’ Kaš. III 42 (prov.): (Čağ. xv ff. yumruk mušt ‘fist’ San. 346V. 23: Xwar. xıv ditto Qutb 86): Kom. xıv ‘fist’ yuruk CCG; Gr.: Kip. ( xııı (among ‘parts of the body’) al-kaffu'l-matbilq ‘a clenched fist’ yu:rmuk (sic, MS. yu:nnak); also al-lakm ‘a blow with the fist’ Hou. 20, 13; lakatna ‘to strike with the fist’ yumrukla:- do. 34, 13; lekaına nıina'1-mulekaına yumrukJa:š- do. 43, 74): xıv yuruk al-lakma 'fisticuffs’; Tkm. yumruk Id. 93; (fakama yurukla-; Tkm. yumrukla- do.; yumrukla- Bul. ygr.)

D yüdrük Hap. leg.; Pass. Dev. N. fr. yüdür-. Xak. xı yüdrük (MS. -d-) ‘a stand (al-sariŋ on which goods and clothing are piled’ (yunaddad) Kaš. III 45.

VUD yatrum Hap. leg.; cf. yatut; prob. N.S.A. fr. *yatur- Caus. f. of yat- (lie down, sleep, settle) (not noted in the early period but cf. yatğur-); lit. ‘a single act of laying down’. Xak. xı yatrum sač al-ša'ru'ltadî tirsila ba'ada’l-amval (see yatut) Kaš. III 47.

Dis. V. YDR-

S yatur- See yatğur-.

S yattur- See yadtur-.

D 1 yetür- (feed) Caus. f. of ye:- (eat) ‘to give (something Acc., to someone Dat.) to eat’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes; in some languages the later form yĞgiz-, etc. is used as well or instead. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. H 11 24, 43: Xak. \\ xı KB ayama oğul kızka berge yetür ‘do not be gentle; let boys and girls taste (feed) the whip’ 1494: xıı (?) KBVP 5 (ičür-): xııı (?) At. yarağlığ ašıgnı kišike yetür ‘give your nutritious food (feed) to the people to eat’ 329; Tef. yedtir- ditto 149: xıv Muh. at'ama ‘to feed’ yedür- Mel. 41, 1.6; Rif. 94, 132: Čağ. xv ff. yedür- (spelt yiydür-) xwuranidan ‘to give to eat’ San. 353r. 14 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yedür- ditto Qutb 77: Kip. xııı at'ama yedtir- (MS. yiidir-) Hou. 34, 4: xıv (after ye-) and for at'ama yedir- td. 90; at'ama yedür- Bul. 21 v.: xv ditto yedir- Kav. 75, 3; Tuh. 78b. 9.

Tris. V. YDR-

D 2 yetür- (bring, add, completely, in full, complete, accomplish) Caus. f. of 2 yet- (catch up) (yet)- ; survives, usually meaning ‘to cause to arrive; to make sufficient; to ripen (Trans.)’, in NE yettir-/čettir-: NW Kk. jetir-: SW Osm. yetdir-/yettir-; Tkm. yetir-; in some other languages displaced by yetišdir-; other forms are SE Türki yetkür-: SC Uzb. yetkaz-: NW Kk. jetker-. Cf. tegür-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. Sanskrit vyepi ‘reaching to’ yetirli TT VIII F.3: Civ. a:ŋa: otoz yettürii ‘adding thirty to it’ TT VIII L.25; yetirü TTS I 113 (asığ): Xak. xı KB yetür- is common, usually in such phr. as ukuška biligke yetür-miš ögi ‘who has trained (lit. brought) his mind to understanding and knowledge’ 216; yetürmiš yašı ‘of mature (lit. brought) years’ 426; kamuğ išni yetrü körüp išler er ‘a man who works taking care to bring all his work to fruition’ 544; o.o. 302, 507 (bütürü:), 2586, 4231, 5894 (erejlen-): xııı (?) Tef. yetrücompletely, in full’; (yetger-/yetgür- ‘to bring; to bring to completion’) 153: Čağ. xv ff. y^tkür- (-üp, etc.; ‘with -k-’) yetiš-dür- Vel. 412-15 ; yetür-/yetkür-/yetkürt-/yetišdür- Caus. f.s; rasenidan ‘to cause to arrive, convey, deliver’ San. 348r. 28 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv yetür-/yetgür- ‘to bring to completion, to accomplish’ Qutb 79; MN 175: Kip. xııı ballağa'l-masir ma'ak ‘to bring your fellow traveller to his destination^ ?) yetür-Hou. 38, 13: Osm. xıv ff. yetür- (occasionally yetir-) ‘to bring’ physically or metaph.; common TTS I 823; II 1045; III 804; IV 879S yettür- See yedtür-.

D yitür-/yittür- Caus. f. of yit- (gone, stray, get lost, perish); ‘to lose; to cause to stray’, and the like. Survives in NE Tuv. čldir-: NC Kır. jitir-: NW Kk. ditto: SW Az. itir-; Osm. yittir-; Tkm. yitir-. Türkü vııı I En, II En (i:d-): Xak. xı er yarma:k yitürdi: ‘the man lost (faqada) the coin’ (etc.) Kaš. III 67 (yitürür, yitürme:k); ol agar yarma:kin yittürdi: ‘he made him lose (a’damahu) his coin’ (etc.) III 94 (yittürür, yittürme:k; and see yedtür-): KB (when I saw this) yitür-düm bilig ‘I lost my sense of judgement’ 790; (when a slave sees his master’s face) yitrür ögi ‘he loses his senses’ 958; (if one reaches out to grasp the affairs of this world) yitrür kiši ‘they elude a man’ 1410; ayur bu bitig tut yitürme oğul ‘he said, “take this document and do not lose it, my son” \\ 1497; a.o. 6096 (ört-): xııı (?) Tef. yltür-/ yiitür- ‘to lose’, esp. yol yitür- ‘to lose the way’ 155, 168: Čağ. xv ff. itür-/itkür- (spelt) gum wa mafqiid kardan ‘to lose’ San. 94r. 27 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı yitür- ‘to destroy’ 'Ali 49: Kom. xıv ‘to lose’ yitir-CCG; Gr.: Kip. xıv yittür-/yitür- (MS. ye-/ye-) atlafa ‘to destroy’ Id. 91; hacama ‘to throw down, ruin’ yltür- Bul. 8er.: xv waddara 'to squander’, etc. yitir- Tuh. 38b. 5: Osm. xıv ff. yitür-, later yitir-, occasionally itir- ‘to lose, to destroy’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 832; II 1055; III 812; IV 889.
893

S yottur- See yodtur-.

D yüdür- Caus. f. of yü:d- ; n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Chr. yılkıka yüdürser ‘if they loaded it on an animal’ U I 8, 3: Xak. xı ol teveyke: yük yüdürdi: ‘he loaded the load (hamala'l--himl) on the camel’ Kaš. III 67 (yüdürür, yüdürme:k; verse); a.o. I 371, 1: KB amenat yüdürdi boyunka uluğ ‘he loaded great loyalty on his neck’ 1720; o.o. 4441 (kölük), 4528 (tegeš).

VUD yadrat- as such Hap. leg., but, as Thomsen suggested, prob. the original f. of NE Alt., Tel. yayrat- ‘to overturn, destroy’; the parallel V. in the sentence, tigret, supports this vocalization; if so, this must be a Caus. f. of a Den. V. fr. *yadar, Aor. Particip. of ya:d-, ‘spreading out’; a meaning ‘to make (a horse) lie on the ground’ seems to be indicated. Türkü vııı ff. (tie up the roan horse’s tail and make it break wind) yazığ ko^i: yadrat ‘make the bay (?) lie down’ (heap nine blankets on it and make it sweat) IrkB 50.

D yetrül- (y^trül-) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of 2 yetür-, Xak. xı soğuk burunka: yetrüldi: ulhiqa'l-axir bi'l-aiowal ‘the last was joined, or added, to the first’ Kaš. III 107 (yetrülü:r, yetrülme:k).

D yetrüš- (y^trüš-) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 2 yetür-, Xak. xı ola:r ikki: bi:r bi:rke: at yetrüšdi: ‘they helped one another in overtaking (or tving up?, fi ilhdq) the horse’ Kaš. III 101 (yetrüšü:r, yetrüšme:k).

Tris. YDR

VUD yütürük (? yitürük) Hap. leg.; prima facie a Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. yitür-; lit. ‘lost, strayed’, and the like; either a scribal error or an early example of retroactive vocalic assimilation. Türkü vııı ff. (a blind colt looks for an udder on a stallion) kün ortu: yütü:rük ‘ (if it is so) lost at midday’ (where and how will it be at midnight?) IrkB 24. .

Tris. V. YDR-

VUD yudruklan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. yudruk (yidruk). Xak. xı er yudruklandt: qabada' l-racul 'aid cam' kaffxhi ‘the man grasped (something) in his fist’ Kaš. III 116 (yudruklanu:r,yudruklanma:k; MS. everywhere -d-).
894

Dis. V. YDS-

D yadsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of ya:d-. Xak. xı ol töše:k yadsa:dı: ‘he wished to spread out (yabsut) the mattress’, and was on the point of doing so; and one says ol sü:sin yadsa:di: ‘he wished to disperse (yafarriq) his army’ (etc.); also used of dough when one intends to roll it out (yabmtahu) Kaš. III 305 (yadsa.T, yadsa:ma:k),

D yatsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of yat- (lie down, sleep, settle). Xak. xı er yatsa:di: ‘the man wished to settle down for the night and go to sleep and lie down’ (al-baytuta wa'l-naivm tva’l-idtica) Kaš. III 304 (yatsa:r, yatsa:ma:k; MS. yatıša:-).

D yetse:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of 2 yet- (catch up) (yet). Xak. xı ol meni: yetse:di: ‘he was on the point of overtaking me’ (yalhaqanŋ Kaš. III 304 (yetse:r, yetse:me:k; MS. yetine:-).

D yodsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove). Xak. xı ol bitig yodsa:di: ‘he wished to obliterate (yamhu) the writing’, also for (to wipe) a sword clean of blood and the like Kaš. III 305 (yodsa:r, yodsa:ma:k; MS. yodisa:-).

D yetsik- (yötsik-) (overtaken) Emphatic Pass. f. of 2 yet- (catch up) (yet); ‘to be effectively overtaken’. Pec. to Kaš. Xak. xı er yetsikti: balağa'l-racul ardala’l-'umr ‘the man reached senility’ (lit. ‘was overtaken by’); and one says kačğın (MS. kačığan) er yetsikti: ‘the fugitive was overtaken’ (ulhiqa) Kaš. III 106 (yetsike.T, yetsikme:k); a.o. I 21, 10 (kačğın).

Dis. V. YDŠ-

D yndıš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of ya:d-. Xak. xı ol apar töše:k yadıšdı: ‘he helped him to spread out (/f bast) the mattress’; also for competing Kaš. III 70 (yadıšu:r, yadıšma:k).

D yediš- (lead, help, pack (bale)) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yed- (or yi:d-) (lead, help, pack (bale)); unvocalized everywhere; listed in the same para, as yidıš-, q.v., but specifically given n different Infin? Xak. xı ol maga: yetge:k (MS. y.nge:k) yedišdi: ‘he helped me to sew up the seams’ (fi xiyata ğuraz; MS. in error turaz) of a sack, bale, and the like Kaš. III 70 (yidišü:r, yedišme:k; MS. everywhere -rf-).

D yetiš- Co-op. f. of 2 yet- (catch up) (yet); s.i.a.mj.g. w. the usual phonetic changes, and practically the same range of meanings as 2 yet-, which it has almost displaced in some languages. Xak. xı yetšü: kelip Uğra:k translated lahiqana xayl Uğra.k ‘the Uğra;k’s cavalry overtook us’ Kaš. III 183, 8; n.m.e.: (xiv Miih. (?) lahiqa (da:p-; in margin) yetiš- Mel. 30, 15): Čağ. xv ff. yetiš- (spelt) rasidan ‘to arrive’ San. 348r. 17 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı yetiš- ‘to reach’' 'Ali 5e: Kip. xv men boIma:šaydum bu: sağa: (for saŋa: (to you, тебе)) yetišme:seydi: ‘if it had not been for me, this would not have come to you’ (uašala ilayka) Kav. 21, 9; lahiqa yetiš- do. 74, 10; Tuh. 32a. 9; adraka (‘to overtake ) tva lahiqa do. 6a. 12.

D yıdıš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yıdı:- (smell, stink), Xak. xı yıdıšdı: ne:g baliya aczau'1-šay' ba'fuhu fi

ba’d ‘every part of the thing stank’; (yediš- follows here); and the Infin. of the first V. is with al-qef yıdıšma:k Kaš. III 70 (MS. -d-cverywhere).

D yoduš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove). Xak. xı ol kılıčtın ka:n yodušdı: ‘he helped to wipe (/; mash) the blood from the sword’; also for obliterating (fi mahıv, MS. rmhiv) writing and removing (idhab) the traces of anything liquid Kaš. III 70 (yodušır.r, yodušma:k).

D yüdüš- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of yü:d-, Xak. xı ola:r (MS. ol) ikki: tarığ yüdüšdi: ‘they helped one another to load (fi haml) the wheat’ (etc.); also for competing Kaš. III 71 (yüdüšü:r, yüdüšme:k).

Dis. YDZ

D yetiz (wide, broad) Dev. N./A. fr. 2 yöt-; ‘wide, broad, far-reaching’, and the like, later apparently ‘perfect, complete’ (i.e. reaching the limit of possibility). Survives in SW XX Anat. yetiz ‘perfect, complete’, w. Den. V. yetizle- SDD 1521. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yetiz (so spelt) occurs apparently only in Hend. w. other words meaning ‘wide’ and the like; U III 72, 27 etc. (keg); IV 30, 54 (emig); IV 12, 116 etc. (yetinčsiz); yĞtiz uzun ‘broad and long’ Suv. 347, 9: Xak. xı yetiz ‘wide’ (or broad, al-'arid) of anything; hence one says yetiz kadıš ‘a broad strap’, yetiz ye:r ‘a broad piece of ground’ Kaš. III 10: xııı (?) Tef. hikma beliğa ‘mature wisdom’ hikmat yĞtiz; yetiz kıl- seems to mean ‘to present (someone)’ 152: Xwar. xıv yĞtiz ‘perfect’, or the like Qutb 79; men yetiz 'elim boldum ‘I have become a perfect scholar’ (I have on need of Abü Hanlfa) Nahc. 193, 7.

VU yutuz n.o.a.b.; the contexts clearly indicate the meaning ‘wife’, not ‘slave girl’ as it has sometimes been translated; the vowels were certainly back, but the first might be either -o- or -u-. Cf. kisi:. Türkü vııı (I attacked the Taqut and captured) (oğlı: yutuzı: ‘their children and wives’ (livestock and property) \\ II E 24; II E 38 (ditto the Oğuz?); II S 3, 4 (damaged ?): vı 11 ff. (a gambler staked his children and wife (oğlanı:n kisi:si:n) on a bet; but did not lose them) oglı: yutu:zı: kop ögirer ‘his children and wives all rejoice’ IrkB 29; yutu:zi: (sic, clearly, in photograph) erkshz bolu:pan ‘his wife not being a free agent’ Toy. IV v. 5-7 (ETY II 180): Man. bu meniŋ yutuzum bu ‘this is my wife’ M I 5,2: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (if we have killed people or stolen other people’s property or) ev-nig yutuzıga yazındımız erser ‘sinned against a housewife’ TT IV 8, 69-70; ‘similar phr. U II 76, 5; 85, 22; amrak yutfuzim] ‘my dear wife’, followed by her name, and amrak kızımız and oğulumuz Pfahl. 22, 5; a.o. Suv. 219, 24 (yapšın-): Civ. beg yutuz ‘husband and wife’ TT VII26, 4-5 (bača:-); 14-15: O. Kır. ıx ff. bodumma: oğlıma: yutuzıma: adrıltım ‘I have been parted \895\ from my people, children, and wives’ Mai. 43, 1-2; a.o. 42, r (pkUjj): Kip. xııı al-darra ‘co-wifc’ y.q.r, bi-zd’ mttfaxxam ‘emphatic’, no doubt error for yutuz Hou. 32, 4.
895

Tris. YDZ

D yetizlik (yetizlik) (width, breadth) Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. yetiz. Xak. xı yetizlik ‘the width (or breadth, 'ard) of anything’ Kaš. III 52.

Mon. YĞ

ya:ğ (grease, fat, oil) a generic term for ‘grease, fat, oil’, etc., specific kinds sometimes being indicated by a preceding word. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. a wide range of phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. yağı sızıltı akıp ‘his fat melts and flows’ U III 24, 5 (ı); TM IV 252, 22 (sızıl-): Civ. ingek yağın ‘cow’s butter’ TT VII 22, 17; tikta:k ya:ğ ičtirmiš kere:k ‘you must give him bitter (Sanskrit tiktaka) oil to drink’ VIII 1.24; künčlt ya:ğı: ‘sesame-seed oil’ do. M.28; bir tıgčan yağ ‘oil for one lamp’ (Chinese l.-w.) USp. 91, 11 and 26; yağ is common in H I both by itself, e.g. 106, and in such phr. as Ingek yağı 77, etc.; künčit yağı 92, etc.; 9ağ yağ ‘butter’ 145; xuma yağı ‘linseed oil’ (hu ma, Chinese, see note) 64: xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. ‘fat’ yağ Ligeti 277; R III 22: Xak. xı ya:ğ al-duhn ‘fat’; sa:ğ ya:ğ al-samn ‘butter’ Kaš. III 159; kara: ya:ğ al-nift ‘mineral oil’ III 222, 18; over 30 o.o. usually translated al-duhn or al-samn: KB 4442 (azaŋ: xııı (?) Tef. yağ ‘oil’ 132: xıv Muh. al-duhn ya:ğ Mel. 66, 5; Rif. 165 (followed by phr. for various animal and vegetable fats and oils): Čağ. xv ff. rauğan 'oil, fat’ (generic term) yağ San. 333r. 2 (quotn.): Oğuz xı (after Xak.) and the Oğuz call ‘suet’ (al-šahm) ya:ğ Kaš. III 159: Xwar. xıv yağ ‘fat, oil’ Qutb 64: Kom. xıv ‘oil’ yağ CCI; yaw CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-duhn ya:ğ IIou. 15, 18: xıv yağ al-samn Id. 95; al-duhn šahma(n) aw ğayruhu (‘solid or otherwise’) yağ Bul. 6, 5: xv al-duhn ya:ğ; al-samn sa:rı ya:ğ; al-alya ‘a sheep’s fat tail’ kuyruğ yağı: Kav. 62, 20; duhn yaw; Tkm. yağ/yillk/kırfıš wa örgeč yawi Tuh. 15b. 1.

S ya:h See 2 ya: (exclamation, interjection) (yah, yea, yeah, yes, yep, yup).

1 ya:k (leftover, distant relatives) apparently a jingling prefix in the phr. ya:k yu:k, since yuk can apparently be used by itself in the same sense. Pec. to Kaš.; cf.. yakı:. Xak. xı one says ya:k yu:k for ‘residues of food in a pot’ (sulelatu l-qas'a); hence one says aya:k yuki: same translation; and ‘distant relatives’ (al-abaid mina’l-aqarib) are called ya:k yu:k kada:š Kaš. III 143; ya:k yu:k sulelatu’l-qaš'a; hence al-qaribu l-ba'id is called ya:k yu:k kadaš that is ‘he has stuck to us’ (iltašaqa bina) as residues stick to the pot III 160; yukresidues of food in a pot’, hence one says yuk yak (wc in MS., ?read yak yuk) as a jingle ('ale tarîqi’l-itbe') III 4.

2 yak (near) jingling prefix to yağurk (Xak.) (?), but see yağru: (near).

yo:ğ (d-) (wake, funeral feast, mourning) ‘funeral feast, wake’; the d- is fixed by the statement of Menander Protector (3rd. \\\ quarter vi) that the Western Türkü called a funeral feast δoyia, see G. Moravcsik, Byzantino-turcica II, Budapest, 1943, p. 112. N.o.a.b., but see yoğla:- (d-) (wake, funeral feast, mourn). Türkü vııı yoğ ertürtimiz ‘we celebrated the funeral feast’ I NE; yoğın umaduk üčün ‘because we could not hold his funeral feast’ Ixe-Asxete b. 1 (ETY II 122); o.o. II S 10 and 15 (F); I N 7, II E 31 (egir-); Ongin 12 (atač); (for yoğ yıparı:ğ II S 11 see yipa:r): Xak. xı yo:ğ the name of the meal given to a tribe’ (ta'em yuttaxad li-qawm) for three or seven days when they have returned from a funeral (dafnVl-mayyit) Kaš. III 143; a.o. I 398 (basan): KB bu Aytoldimg oğlı kıldı yoğı: ‘Aytoldi’s son held his funeral feast’ 1564; yoğ ašı ‘funeral feast’ 4577: Xiv Muh. (?) fa'emu’l-'izya ‘a memorial feastyo:ğ ašı: Rif. 164 (only).

D 1 yo:k (negative, having nothing) Dev. N./A. in -k fr. *yo:-, cf. yo:d- (destroy, obliterate, wipe out, wipe off, remove); with a variety of uses. Like ba:r, q.v., of which Kaš. describes it as the opposite, it is most commonly used as the Predicate (verb) of a sentence, with the Subject stated or inferred. As such it is of the nature of a V. but cannot be conjugated and so must be supplemented by an Aux. V., 1 er- (are, were, was) or the like, if a mood or tense form is required. It is occasionally used as an Adj. meaning ‘having nothing’, generally in association w. another Adj., e.g. yo:k čığa:y (poor, destitute) ‘destitute’, and even less often as a N., either by itself in such phr. as yo:kka sanma:z ‘is not considered to be nothing’, or in association w. another N.,e.g. yo:k yodun. C.i.a.p.a.i. w. the usual phonetic changes. Türkü vııı yok is common:- (1) as a quasi-V. ol.amti: anığ yok Türkü xagan ‘if now that Türkü xağan, who is free from harm’ (settles in the ötüken mountain forest) elte: bug yok ‘there will be no trouble in the realm’ I S3, IIN25 (2) ditto w. Aux. V. ötüken yıšda: yeg İdi: yok ermiš ‘there was positively nothing better than the ötüken mountain forest’ I S 4, it N 2; Türkü bodun yok bolma:zun ‘may the Türkü people not cease to exist’ IE 10, II E 10; Kül Tegln yok erser ‘if it had not been for Kül Tegin’ IN 10; (3) as Adj. I S 10, II N 8 (čığa:n); qualifying a V. ol süg anta: yok kısdımız ‘we annihilated that army there’ IE 34: vııı ff. ögrünčü:g yok ‘you have no pleasure’ IrkB 36; a.o.o.: Man. yer teŋri yok erken ‘when earth and heaven did not (yet) exist’ Chuas. 162; yok bolğay ‘will cease to exist’ do. 170: Uyğ. vııı (thereafter the Türkü people) yok boltı: Šu. N 10; (the common people) yok kılmadım ‘I did not destroy’ do. E 2; a.o.o.: vııı ff. Man.-A MIS, 7-9 (alkin-); 9, 11 (yodun): Man. yok tözlüg ‘rooted in nothingness’ TT II 17, 80; a.o. M III 35, 10 (čığa:n): Bud. yok is common in all usages; (suppressing all the emotions) ldi (so read) yokıga tegi kalıšız ‘to the point of complete destruction’ TT IV 12, 56; o.o. do. 6, 25 etc. (2 ldi:); PP 5, 5 etc. (čığa.-fl); TT X 321, etc. (yodun): Civ. yok is common, e.g. adırtı yok ‘there is no difference’ TT I 81; tavar yok bolsa ‘if wealth ceases to exist’ do. VII 28, 11; o.o. USp. 5, 3 (üčün) etc.: \\ xıv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. wu ‘ (there is) not’ (Giles 12,753) yok Ligeti 28e: O. Kır. ıx fi'. begü:si: yok ermiš ‘he had no memorial’ Mai. 9, 3; a.o.o.: Xak. xı yo:k a Particle (harf) meaning ‘is not’ (laysa); hence one says ol munda: yo:k ‘he is not here’ Kaš. III 143; (if you offer a guest whatever food there is) yo:kka: sa:nma:z le yu addu l-qire ma'dûnı ‘the meal is not reckoned to be non-existent’ I 68, 11; II 28, 19; o.o. III 147 (ba:ŋ; 238 (čığa:n), etc.: KU yok is common in its normal uses, e.g. (of God) agar yok farm ‘he is imperishable’ 2; (the moon’s brightness wane3 and) yana yok bolur ‘ceases to exist again’ 734: xııı (?) At. yok erdim yarattıg yana yok kılıp ‘I did not exist; Thou didst create me, and again art destroying me’ 9; a.o.o.; Tef. yok ‘is not’; yok kıl- 158; o.o. 109-10 (yodun): xıv Muh. laysa yo:ğ Mel. 15, 14; yo:k Rif. 92; dayya'a ‘to squander’ yo:ğ et- 28, 6; yo:k (MS. you'eh) et- m; le ‘no’ (opposite to ‘yes’ ba:ŋ yo:g 56, 10; yo:k 154: Čağ. xv IT. yok na ‘not’, in Ar. le (quotn.)... yok ise/yok erse/yoksa (1) ye ‘or’; (2) ‘is not’; (3) ille wa agar na ‘if not’ (quotns.) San. 343V. 29: Xwar. xııı yoxsa ‘if not’ 'Ali 59: xııı (?) yok bolsunğıl (sic) Oğ. 114; yok erdi 251; yok turur 334: xıv yok common in Qutb and MN 95, etc.: Kom. xıv ‘jjq’.. ypk CCI; ‘there is not’ yok/yox CCG; Ğr. 126 (quotns.): Kip. xıv yok al-ma'dûm, also used for le Id. 96; a.o. do. 29 (ba:ŋ; aw ‘or’ yoksa; and yoksa is also used for ille Bul. 15, 8; le yok do. 15, 11: xv al-ma'düm yok Kav. 23, 12; Tuh. 35a. 12; le yok Kav. 53, 10; al-nafi 'the negativeyok Tuh. 52b. 2; a.o.o.
896

2 yok (high ground)high ground’; Hap. leg. but the basis of yokaru: (upwards), q.v. The weight of evidence is in favour of -o- against -u-. Xak. xı yok ye:r al-ša'ûd mina'l-ard ‘high ground’ Kaš. III 4.

yuk See 1 ya:k (leftover, distant relatives), 2 yak (near).

Mon. V. YĞ-

yağ- (? da:ğ-) (fall, pour, rain, snow, hail) (Sp. llover (duver)) 'to pour down; to rain’, or, w. qualifying N.s, ‘to snow, hail’, etc.; the evidence for d- will be found under yaku: (dağğu:) (raincoat) and yağız (d-) (brown). It cannot be used Impersonally as in English, it must have as Subject either the source of precipitation, e.g. cloud, or the precipitation itself, e.g. rain. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Türkü vııı ff. (the grey cloud, buli:t, rose and) bodun üze: yağdı:rained on the people’ IrkB 53: Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. iglemeklig toll yağmur sizlerni üze yağdukda ‘when the hail and rain of illness poured down on you’ U III 14, 4-6; (you must imagine that) yağmur yağmıš teg xwa čeček yağmıšın ‘flowers (Hend.) pour down like rain’ TT V 10, 107-8: Civ. yürüŋ bulıt ünüp yağmur yağdı ‘the white cloud rose and it rained’ TT I 5 ; teŋrimlerke yağıš yağzun ‘let libations pour out to the goddesses’ (sic, if -m-?) VII 25, 20: Xak. xı yağmur yağdı: matara’l-matar ‘it rained’ (prov.); also (used of) snow and hail (al-talc wa’l-barad) when they have fallen (saqata) \\\ Kaš. III 60 (yağa:r, yağma:k); tolı: yağdı: insabba't-barad ‘the hail poured down’ / 139, 19; four o.o.: KB yağa turšu yağmur ‘let the rain go on falling’ 118: xııı (?) Tef. yağmur yağ- 132: xıv Muh. sela’l-me’ ‘of water, to pouryağ- Rif. no (only); al-sayl yağmak Mel. 34, 5; 120: Čağ. xv ff. yağ- barıdan ‘to rain’ San. 332V. 29 (quotns.): Xwar. xııı yağa dur- ‘to rain continuously’ 'Ali 37: xıv yağ- Qutb 64: Kom. xıv ‘to rainyağ- CCI; yav- (da:v- > duver) CCG; Gr. 110 (quotns.): Kip. xııı 'abba min [omission] (of water) ‘to gurgle’ (?) yağ- Hou. 42, 9: xıv yağ- matara td. 95: xv mafara yaw-; Tkm. yağ- Tuh. 35b. 13.

1 yak- (rub, anoint) basically ‘to rub (something Acc.) on to (something Dat.)'; hence ‘to anoint’ and the like. Survives w. some extended meanings in NE Tuv. ča:-/čağ-: NC Kır., Kzx. jak-: NW yak-/jak-: SW Az. yax-; Osm., Tkm. yak-. More or less syn. w. türt- (d-) (prod, push up, nudge, jog, incite, rub, anoint), sürt- (rub, erase), Uyğ- vııı ff. Civ. yak- is very common in such phr. as közke yakğu ol ‘you must rub it on the eye’ II I 28 (közke sürtsün do. 36 is exactly syn.); üč kün yakzun ‘rub it on for three days’ do. 29; a.o. do. 30-1 (büt- (ending, starting, achieve, heal, believe, rely, happen)): Xak. xı er baška: yakığ yakdi: ‘the man anointed the wound with ointment’ (dammada'l-curh bi-dimdd); (2 yak- follows); and one says ol agar elig yakdi: ‘he rubbed him (tnassahu) with his hands’ (etc.) Kaš. III 62 (yakaır, yakma:k): Čağ. xv ff. yak- ... (2) tihl kardan wa bastan hinnd wa marham ıva ašbeh-i en ‘to anoint; to dress with henna, a plaster, or the like’ San. 333V. 12 (quotns.): Kom. xıv ‘to stick, adhere’ yax-CCG; Gr. (perhaps rather 2 yak- (approach, come near) than this V.): Kip. xv lafa.xa ‘to smear’ yak- Tuh. 3b. 1; 32a. 8.

2 yak- (approach, come near, touch, impress, please, calumniate, accuse) basically ‘to approach, or be near to (something Dat.)', which is still the only meaning in yakın, q.v.; but at a fairly early date it came also to mean ‘to touch (something Dat.)' and fr. this, metaph., ‘to touch (someone’s heart), impress, please’, and the like. Survives, in this sense only, in SE Türki yak-: NC Kır. jak-: SC Uzb. yok-: NW Kk. jak-. Obviously connected semantically w. yağu:- (approach, come, be near), but the morphological connection is obscure. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (the corpse begins to smell, and everyone is disgusted and) yakmaz bolur ‘begins not to go near it’ TT VI 445: Civ. (with a bad omen; the work which you undertake does not succeed) kılmıš kılınč sığmaz yakmaz ‘the things which you do do not fit or approach (your needs)’ TT I 76-7: Xak. xı (in the middle of the entry of 1 yak- (rub, anoint), q.v.) and one says ol agar yakdi: izdalafa ilayhi wa qaruba nünhu ‘he approached and drew near to him’; hence one says agm kelme:ki: yakdi: ‘his arrival (coming) is imminent’ (qaruba) Kaš. III 62 (no separate Aor. or Infin.); (if a man carries a piece of jade) yašın yakma:s Id yadurruhu'l-barq ‘lightning does not injure (come to) him’ III 22, 5; a.o. II 69, 10: KB bu iki bile iške yakma eve, kali yaksa kıldıg tirigllk yava ‘do not approach a task in a hurry with \897\ these two (emotions, anger and irritation); if you do you will have made your life worthless’ 323; küyer otka yaksa ‘if a man approaches a blazing fire’ 654; o.o. 1432, 1630, 2192: Čağ. xv ff. yak- (-ti, -ar, -may) atar kardan ‘to impress’; yak- (-ma) tuhmat et- ve mücrim čthar- ‘to calumniate, accuse’; yakmak nisbet; the quotn. under this suggests the meaning ‘to approach’ Vel. 398-9 (quotns.; San. 125V. 28 points out that yak- (-masa) ‘to water (livestock)’ is a mistranslation of a misreading of bak-); yak- ... (3) atar kardan wa pasand uftadan ‘to impress, please’; (4) tuhmat kardan wa isned dedan suxn ğayr (MS. xayŋ waqi' ‘to calumniate, make false accusations’ San. 333V. 12 (it is doubtful whether the last meaning is correct or belongs here): (Kom. xıv see 1 yak- (rub, anoint): Osm. xiv, xv yak- ‘to approach’ in one text, and ‘to be suitable, becoming’ in two TTS 1 769; II 980. (yağ (yaq) and yak are interchangeable, see forms for notions “near”)
897

D 3 yak- (ignite, burn) (ignite) Emphatic (P) f. of *ya:- (ignite shine, flame), cf. 1 yal- (blazed, burned, shined), 2 yan- (ignited shine, flame); ‘to ignite, burn (something Acc.)’; not noted before the medieval period but morphologically a very old word, and see 3 yaktur-. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE (?) w. the usual phonetic changes. (Xak. ?) xıv Muh. (?) atframa’l-nar ‘to light a fire’ ya:k- Rif. 103 (only): Čağ. xv ff. yak- (1 ) afrüxtan ‘to ignite’ San. 333V. 12 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv yak- ‘to burn (something Acc., with fire Dat.)', to ignite (something Acc., in something Dat.)’; both metaph. Qutb 68: Kip. xıv yak- ašle’l--šay' fi'l-ner ‘to put something in the fire’ Id. 95: Osm. xv yax> ‘to burn’; in three texts TTS II 9771 HI 754-

yığ- (? yı:ğ-) (assemble, collect, restrain, hold back) ‘to collect, assemble (Trans.)’. S.i.a.m.l.g., w. the usual phonetic changes, in this meaning, cf. t&r-, ük- (heap up, accumulate). The meaning ‘to restrain, hold back’, and the like, cf. tıd- (? tı:d-) (obstruct, restrain), in Xak. and a few later authorities is presumably an extension of the basic meaning, but hard to explain. Türkü vııı (the scattered Türkü numbered 700... their chief was a šad) yığ (ğ)ıl tedi: yığmıšı: ben ertim ‘he said “bring them together”; it was I that did it’ T 5; keligme: begleri:n bodunim etip yığa: ‘organizing and assembling their begs and people when they came’ T 43 (in this text spelt3^-); etmiš yığmıš Ongin 1: Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (making them understand their own origin) öglerin kögüllerin yigtiQiz ‘you concentrated their minds and thoughts’ TT III 31: Bud. Sanskrit samhjtye ‘having collected’ bürtüp (/>-) yığırp TT VIII C.8; körjül yığmakda USp. 43, 6; o.o. U II 34, 13 (kazğan-); Suv. 627, 17 (idi:-): Civ. kögülüg yığ enč tur ‘collect your thoughts and keep quiet’ TT I 222; a.o. do. 184 (mistranscribed yığ tileŋ, and see ığ-: Xak. xı oi meni: aška: yığdı: mana'anî li’l-fa'em ‘he detained me for a meal’ (etc.); and one says ol tanğ yığdı: ‘he piled up (katvwama) the wheat’ (etc.); also used of anyone who has collected (cama'a) something Kaš. III el(yığa:r, yığma:k); five o.o. translated cama'a or katvwama (once): KB kamuğ \\ 8özni yığsa ‘if a man collects all (sorts of) speeches’ 185; similar metaph. uses 368, 372; ay edgü du'S sen balenı yığ-a ‘Oh benediction, restrain (or hold back) evil’ 1265; yığa tut ‘keep under control’ 1491; yığ ‘restrain’ (your anger) 6097; a.o. 2347 (t,:4-): xııı (?) At. yığ- (1) ‘to accumulate’ (wealth, etc.) 262, 299; (2) ‘to restrain’ (e.g. the tongue) 135 (1:4-), 160, 403, 416; Tef. yığ- (1) ‘to collect’ (troops); (2) ‘to restrain’ and the like 155- ČaS- xv ff- y*S (Imperat.) man eyle ‘prevent’, also hedir ‘present’ Vel. 415 (the quotn. does not seem apposite and may be corrupt); yığ- cam' kardan ‘to collect’ San. 349V. 27 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yığ- ‘to collect; to restrain’ Qutb 89; mu’minni yazukdın yığğan ‘restraining the believer from sin’ Nahc. 313, 9; a.o. 218, 13: Kom. xıv ‘to collect, assemble’ yiy- CCG.; Gr. 132 (quotn.): Kip. xıv yığ-cama'a wa mana'a muštarak (‘simultaneously’) İd. 95: xv cama'a yiy- (in margin in SW (?) hand yığ-/der-) Tuh. 12a. 5: Osm. xjv ff. yığ- in the unusual (and now obsolete) meanings of (1) ‘to restrain, prevent’; (2) ‘to withhold, grudge’; fairly common TTS I 827; //1048;///807;/F 881.

yık- (bring down, overthrow, demolish, destroy) ‘to overthrow, demolish, destroy’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (he severed the maral deer’s neck and) bašın yerde yıkdıthrew its head on the ground’ U IV 38, 133-4: Xak. xı oi evin yıkdı: ‘he demolished (hadama) his house’ Kaš. III 63 (yıka:r, yıkma:k); similar phr. I 85, 5; 343, 26; 384, 6; III 20, 4: KB 745 (yataŋ, 1045: xııı (?) Tef. yık- ‘to demolish; to strip off (leaves)’ 157: Čağ. xv ff. yık- (1) bar zamin afgandan ‘to throw to the ground’; (2) xareb kardan ‘to demolish’ San. 350V. 12 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv yık- ‘to demolish’ Qutb gi: Kom. xıv ‘to overthrow’ yix- CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı hadda mina’l--hadd wa’l-xarab ‘to overthrow, demolishyık- Hou. 44, 6; xaraba ‘to demolish’ yik-do. 37, 5: xıv axraba ditto yık- Bul. 28V.: xv rame’l-ğarım ‘to throw an adversary’, that is ‘to fell him to the ground’ (šara'a), also ‘to throw down’ a timber, a wall, and the like yik- (w. the -k- tending towards -ğ-) Kav. 76, 2; hadama yık-, which is also used for ‘breaking something’ (al-kasŋ in one place and not another; and it is their word for xatarahu ‘to endanger’ (P), they say kü:ni: yıktı: (not translated) do. 76, 11; rama yık- Tuh. 3b. 2; 17b. 1: Osm. xiv, xv yix- ‘to throw down, destroy’; noted (as an unusual form) in three texts TTS II 1049; III 808.

yuk- (stick to, infect) ‘to stick to (something Dat.); (of a disease, etc.) to infect (someone Dat.)’. S.i.a.m.l.g., except SW, w. the usual phonetic changes. Xak. xı eligke: ya:ğ yukdı: ‘the fat stuck (talattaxa) to the hand’; and one says anığ uduzı: agar yukdi: ‘his itch infected (a'da) someone else’ (bi-ğayrihŋ; also used for anything that sticks to something else Kaš. III 63 (yuka:r, yukma:k): Čağ. xv ff. yuk- (-tŋ tokun- ‘to come into contact with, affect’ Vel. \898\ 419 (quotn.); yuk- sireyat kardan ‘to infect’ San. 343V. 4 (quotns.): Kom. xıv yuk-/yux-‘to stick to; to loiter’ CCG; Gr. 129 (quotn.).
898

Dis. YĞA

?D 1 yaka: (edge, border, boundary, shore, bank, collar) basically ‘the edge, or border’ of something, but from an early period usually more specifically ‘the collar’ of a garment; perhaps Dev. N. fr. 2 yak- (approach, come near) in the sense of ‘a part of something which is adjacent to something else’. A Second Period l.-w. in Mong. as caka ‘edge, frontier, collar’, and the like (Haenisch 84, Kow. 2244); s.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes and the same range of meanings. Uyğ. vııı (I spent the summer there and) yaka: anta: yakaladım ‘fixed the frontier (of my dominions) there’ Šu. E 8; S 2: (vııı ff. Bud. the sentence ‘he deigned to be the venerable master of India’ is translated enetkek elinig ayağuluk b yarlikar erdi; there is a curious double mistranslation here; the more usual meaning of hsiit (Giles 4,683) is not ‘master’, but ‘sleeve’; the translator took it in this sense, but translated it by ‘collar’ which hsiu never meant Hüen-ts. '935-6): Xak. xı yaka: al-ciribben ‘collar’ Kaš. III 24; yaka:da:kı: yalğa:ğa:li: ‘the man who licks up the food on his collar’ (drops the food in his hand) I 253, 21; III 307,'1; a.o. 1 189, 2: KB 2377 (iliš-): xıı (?) Tef. yakacollar’ 13e: xıv Muh. (under ‘clothing’) al-qabb ‘collar’ ya:ka: Mel. 67, 1; Rif. 16e: Čağ. xv ff. yaka (1) kanar ‘boundary, shore, bank’, etc.; (2) giriben-i cema ‘a collar’ San. 334V. 18; under kırpık (not an old word) and ‘the fur which they sew on the edge of a collar’ is called yaka 295r. 19: Xwar. xıv yaka (1) ‘collar’; (2) ‘edge, shore, bank’ Qutb 69; MN 437: Kom. xıv ‘collaryağa CCI; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-tawq ‘the collar’ of a robe, etc. yaka: Hou. 18, 17: xıv ditto Id. 95: xv ditto Tuh. 23b. 7; šeti ‘shore, bank’ yaka do. 20b. 10: Osm. xıv ff. yaka (in xiv, xv sometimes yaxa) ‘collar; shore, bank; the opposite shore’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 768; II 977-9; HI 755; IV 826.

2 yaka (rent, lease)rent, lease’; common in USp.; perhaps a l.-w. Uyğ. vııı ff. Civ. yakaka tuttım ‘I have taken (a piece of land) on lease, or for a rent’ USp. 2, 5; 11, 6; 86, 4 etc.; altmıš tembin süčüg yakanı köni berür-men ‘I undertake to pay a rent of 60 tembin of wine’ do. 6, 6; o.o. 66, 6; 87, 4.

yağı: (d-) (enemy; hostile)enemy; hostile’. A First Period l.-w. in Mong. as dayi (n) (Haenisch 34) (Hunnic version, Ogur); s.i.s.m.l. in NE, NC, NW as yaw/yu:/jaw/jo:, etc.: SC Uzb. yov; in SE, SW replaced by Pe. dušman (Türkic l.-w., duš “fall, ambush”); NE Tuv. dayzin is a distorted reborrowing from Mong. Türkü vııı yağı: is common, e.g. tört bulut) kop yağı: ermiš ‘all four quarters of the world were hostile’ I E 2, II E 3: vııı ff. IrkB 34 (sü:): Yen. Mai. 27, 6 (kadiŋ; a.o.o.: Uyğ. vııı yağı: is common, e.g. yagi: [keli]r tedi: ‘he said “the enemy are coming”’ Šu. E e: vııı ff. Bud. yağı is fairly common, e.g. (making an expedition, putting on a breastplate, and) \\\ yağığ sančıp ‘routing the enemy’ U II 78, 30; TT IV xo, 12: Civ. TT 158 (tegirmile:-); a.o.o.: O. Kır. ıx ff. Mai. 19, 1 (kadiŋ; a.o.o.: Xak. xı yağı: al-'adthv ‘enemy’ Kaš. III 24; nearly 50 o.o.: KB yağı is common, e.g. (protect his friends and) yağısın kötür ‘remove his enemies’ 117; bularda birisi birige yağı ‘among these some are hostile to others’ 144: xııı (?) At. (a talkative tongue is) utulmaz (? so read) yağı ‘an invincible enemy’ 134: Tef. yağı‘enemy’ 132: xi\ Muh. al-'adftw (opposite to ‘ally’ andlığ) ya:ğı: MeL 50, 1; yağı: Rif. 145 (and 152): Čağ. xv ff. yağı düšmanenemy’ San. 333V. 4; yaw ditto 34or. 18 (and see yavla:k): Xwar. xıv yağı enemy’ Nahc. 146, 15: Kom. xıv yağıwar’ (sic) CCG; Gr.: Kip. xııı al-'oduw (opposite to ‘friend’ ı:na:k) ya:ğı: Hou. 26, 13: xıv ya:ği: al-muherib ‘one who makes war (on you)’ Id. 95: (xv in Tuh. 'adiiw is translated tušman): Osm. xıv ff. yağı ‘enemy’; common to xvi, sporadic to xvııı TTS I 764; II 974; III 752; IV 824.

?S yakı: (humble, subservient) Hap. leg., in the jingle yakı: yuki: (низкий, подлый ~ vile, despicable + приставать, прилипать ~ stick, adhere), perhaps an expanded form of ya:k yu:k, see 1 ya:k (leftover, distant relatives) . Xak. xı ‘a humble, obsequious ( (al-mutawadi'u l-mutamalliq) person’ is called yakı: yukı: er Kaš. III 25. (OTD p. 237, JAQÏ: jaqï juqï низкий, подлый ~ vile, despicable: (низкий, подлый + приставать, прилипать)

D yaku: (dağğu:) (raincoat) Conc. N. in -ku:, dis-similated fr. -ğu: after -ğ-, fr. yağ- (? da:ğ-) (fall, pour, rain, snow, hail) (Sp. llover (duver)); ‘a raincoat’. A First Period l.-w. in Mong. as daku ‘a fur coat with the fur outside’ (Kow. 1570, Haltod 445), which fixes the d-; cf. yağız (d-) (brown). N.o.n.b. Xak. xı yaku: al-mimtar ‘a raincoat’, originally ya:ğku: but shortened (fa-xuffifa) Kaš. III 25; a.o. III 226 (soku:): xıv Muh. (f) furw muqlab ‘a reversed fur coat’ ya:ku: Rif. 167.

S yuka See yuvka: (slender, insubstantial).

Dis. V. YĞA-

E yağı:- (approach, be near) in ETY IV 130 is an error for yağıd- (approach, come near).

? D yağu:- (approach, come, be near) ‘to approach, be near to’; syn. w. 2 yak- (approach, come near), but the morphological connection is obscure; see yağru: (near). Survives only (?) in NE Kumd., Tel. yu:- R III 535: NC Kır. ju:-; Kzx. ju-, Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. (whenever the light of moon is obscured) ay teŋri ordusı kün teŋri ordusıga yağuyur ‘the palace of the moon is near the palace of the sun’ M III 7, 8 (v): Bud. ölüm ödi yağudukda ‘when the time of death approaches’ UIII 43, 28: Xak. xı beg kelme:ki: yağu:dı: ‘the arrival of the beg (etc.) is imminent’ (qaruba) Kaš. III 89 (yagu:r, yağu:ma:k); a.o. II 148, 7: KB yağudı tileki ‘ (the achievement of) his wishes is near’ 1631; yağıka yağusa ‘if he approaches the enemy’ 2349: xııı (?) At. Isizke yavuma (sic) ‘do not go near a wicked man’ 379; Tef. yavu- ditto 131: xıv Muh. (l) qaruba yağu:- (MS. yoğur-) Rif. 114 (only): Čağ. xv ff. yawu- (-di, etc.) yakın ol- (near be), yakın var- (near go) 'to be near, to approach’ Vel. 402-5 (quotns.); yawu-/yawuš- nazdık šüdan ‘to be near’ San. 339V. 8: Xwar. xıv yağu-/yavu- ‘to approach’ Qutb 64, 75: Kip. xıv yavi- qaruba Id. 99.

Dis. YĞC

S yığač (opposite) See ığač; yoğu:č (yoğo:č?) n.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bad. U III 88, 3 (indin): Xak. xı yoğuč ‘the other side’ (al-cenibu’l-exiŋ of a river or canal; and on whatever side a man stands the other side is for him yoğuč; hence one says yoğuč kečtlm ‘I crossed to the other side of the river’ Kaš. III 8; me ward kull nahr aw wadi ‘the other side of any cannl or river’ is called yoğutč, but it may also be pronounced yoğuč I 18, 19: Kom. xıv ‘the other side, beyond’ yovač CCI; Gr.

D yoğčı: (d-) (mourner) N.Ag. fr. yo:ğ; ‘mourner’ (lit. ‘the participant in a funeral feast’). N.o.a.b., see yuğučı:. Türkü vııı (when the xağan died) yoğčı: sığıtčı: 'mourners and weepers’ (came from many countries) I E 4, II E 5; IN 11.

Dis. V. YĞC-

(S)D yakčırt- (excite, ignite) Hap. leg.; Sec. f. of *yakšırt- (cf. yapčur-), double Caus. f., presumably of 2 yakıš- (approach, come near) (fr. yak- ignite, read 3 yakıš- (ignite, Co-op.)) (1 yakıš- (rub, anoint) ); the meaning is obscure; it would be easier to explain as a misreading of yığčırt- (see yığ- (? yı:ğ-) (assemble, collect, restrain, hold back) used in such phr. as kögül yığ-), which could mean ‘to bring together’ or the like. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. (then Prince Mahesthava, being under the pressure of sharp longing, falling into great desire, rousing (igniting) great thoughts of compassion) kögülin kögüzin yakčırtıp ‘bringing together (excite) his mind and breast (i.e. his thoughts and feelings)’  (. . . said) Suv. 615, 8-9. (OTD p. 237, JAQČIRT- возбуждать, воспламенять ~ excite, ignite)

Tris. YĞC

D D yağıčı: (aggressive, aggressor, defender) N.Ag. fr. yağı: (d-) (enemy; hostile); lit. ‘one who acts against the enemy’; ‘aggressive’ or the like. N.o.a.b. Xak. xı KB ürüŋ kırğıl artuk yağıčı bolur, yağıčı bolur ham yarağčı bolur ‘white- and grey-haired (warriors) become extremely aggressive; they become both aggressive and efficient’ 2372; a.o. 2371 (kırğıl).

D yuğučı: (yuğu:čı:) Hap. leg.; Dev. N.Ag. fr. yu:-; vocalized yuğčı: in the MS. Xak. xı yuğučı: al-qašš5r ‘a fuller’ Kaš. II 170 (bürkür-); n.m.e.

S yıgačlık See ığačlık.

Tris. V. YĞC-

S yığačlan- See ığačlan-.

Dis. YĞD

yoğdu: (camel’s beard) ‘the long hair under a camel’s chin’. The alternative pronunciations and the lack of an obvious etymology suggest that it may be a l.-w. A Second Period l.-w. in Mong. as coğdor (Kow. 2401, Haltod 579); NE Tuv. \899\ čoğdur: NC Kır. joğdor are no doubt reborrowings fr. Mong. Xak. xı yoğdu: fiwdl wabari’l-ba'ir 'inda'1-utnün ‘the long hair under a camel’s chin’ (lit. ‘in the region of the beard’) Kaš. III 30; yoğru: ‘a camel’s long hair’; also called yoğru:y; the -r- is changed fr. -d- as in Ar. 'akara/'akada III 31; the Turks call ‘a camel’s long hair’ yoğdu:, and they (the Oğuz and Kıp.) coğdu: I 31, 9.
899

Dis. V. YĞD-

D yağıd- (d-) (hostile) Intrans. Den. V. fr. yağı: (d-) (enemy; hostile); ‘to be, or become, hostile’. N.o.a.b., cf. yağık-. Türkü vııı Karluk yağıt (t)ukda: ‘when the Karluk became hostile’ Ix. 18; a.o. do. 5 (mistranscribed yağı:- in ETY IV 130): Uyğ. vııı Basmı:l yağıdu: ‘the Basmi:l becoming hostile’ Šu. S 4; a.o. do. E 10 (yara:-): vııı ff. Man.-A (then the people in the city of Babylon) [yjuvğaladı yağıdtı ‘became ill-mannered and hostile’ Man.-uig. Frag. 400, 9 (only one letter is missing in the first word and the only possibility seems to be y-; if so it is a Den. V. fr. yuvğa:, cf. yuvğalan-): Xak. xı (between yağıtğa:n, see yağıt-, and yomıtğa:n) ol kiši: ol tutčı: yağıtğa:n ‘that man constantly engages in hostilities after peace’ (has been concluded; abada (n) yuedi ba'da'l-šulh) Kaš. III 53 (with dissimilated to -t- before -ğ-); n.m.e.

D yağıt- (d-) (pour) Caus. f. of yağ- (? da:ğ-) (fall, pour, rain, snow, hail) (Sp. llover (duver)); n.o.a.b.; cf. yağtur-. Uyğ. vııı ff. Bud. noš teg tatığlığ yağmur suvın yağıtıppouring down rainwater as sweet as an elixir’ Kuan. 202; similar phr. U I zo, 10; 22, 5-6; III 13, 6; USp. 102, 23; (the gods) xwa čeček sačtılar yağıtdılar ‘scattered and poured down flowers’ U III 46, 11; a.o. TT ^155: Civ. yağmur yağıtğuka körser ‘if one consults the oracle about (the possibility of) (pouring) rain’ TT VII 29, 1 : Xak. xı teŋri: yağmur yağıttı: amfara'llöhu’l-tnafar ‘God made it rain’ Kaš. II 316 (yağıtu:r, yağıtma:k); teŋri ol yağmur yağıtğa:n ‘God is constantly making it rain’ III 53.

D yağut- (approach, come, be near) Caus. f. of yağu:- (approach, come, be near); ‘to bring (something Acc.) near (something Dat.)' and the like. Survives only (?) in NE Alt., Tel. yu:t-: NC Kır. ju:t-; Kzx. ju (w)it-. Cf. 1 yakur-. Türkü vııı (the Chinese, by flattery and bribes) ırak bodunığ anča: yağu:tı:r ermiš ‘thus brought distant peoples near to them’ I S 5, II N 4: Xak. xı ol atığ maga: yağuttı: ‘he brought the horse (etc.) near (qarraba) to me’ Kaš. II 316 (yağutu:r, yağutma:k; after yağıt-, verse); ol kiši: ol ö:zin yağutğa:n translated ‘that man is constantly bringing himself near to the people by his kindness’ III 52: KB yağutsa begine yıramıš kišig ‘he should bring distant people near to his master’ 2506; a.o. 1299 (ušakčı:): Čağ. xv ff. yawut- (-up, etc.) yakın eyle- Vel. 406 (quotn.); yawut-/yawuštur- Caus. f.; nazdık kardan ‘to bring near’ San. 339V. 25 (quotns.): Xwar. xı yavut- ditto MN 46; Nahc. 229, 3: Kip. xııı qarraba yawut- Hou. 43, 3: (xiv yawuklat- Id. 99).
900

Dis. V. YĞD-

D yo:ka:d- Intrans. Den. V. fr. 1 yo:k; ‘to perish’. N.o.a.b. SE Türki yokat-: SC Uzb. yükot- ‘to destroy’ are not survivals of this word, but prob. erases of yo:k et- which occurs in this meaning e.g. in SW Osm. Türkü vııı (the Türkü people) yokadu: bari:r ermiš 'were on the way to perishing’ I E 10: Uyğ. vııı flf. Bud. Sanskrit [illegible, ?na] vyeti (MS. vyaitŋ ‘does not perish’ yoka:dma:z (MS. yokdtmez) TT VIII F.7; taluy ičinde yokadti ‘they have perished at sea’ PP 54, 1; yokadıp barır V III 66, 15; o.o. TT VI 97-8 (yaš-); Suv. 198, 9 (yitlin-): Xak. \i yalguk oğlı: yo:ka:du:r ‘the children of men perish’ (yafnd; but their good name remains) Kaš. III 384, 18; n.m.e.: KB (Thou hast created all things) yokadur ne erse ‘things perish’ (but Thou remainest) 14: (xııı (?) Tef. yokat- ‘to destroy’ 159): Kom. xıv ‘to perish, be destroyed’ yoxa- CCG; Gr. 125.

D yağtur- (d-) Caus. f. of yağ- (? da:ğ-) (fall, pour, rain, snow, hail) (Sp. llover (duver)); ‘to pour down, rain down’ (Trans.). S.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes. Cf. yağıt- (d-) (pour). Xak. xı teŋri: yağmur yağturdı: ‘God most high poured down (amtara) rain’ (etc.) Kaš. III 95 (yağturur, yağturma:k): Čağ. xv ff. yağdur-/yağdurt- Caus. f.; berenîdan 'tč fiour down (rain)’ San. 333r. 8 (quotns.): Xwar. xıv yağdur- ditto Qutb 64: Kom. xıv ditto yavdır- CCG; Gr. 119 (quotn.).

D 1 yaktur- (rub) Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of 1 yak- (rub, anoint). Xak. xı ol ba:ška: yakığ yakturdi: ‘he ordered that ointment should be applied (bi-tadmidi'l-damdd) to the wound’ Kaš. III 96 (3 yaktur- follows in the same para.).

D 2 yaktur- (approach, come near) Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of 2 yak- (approach, come near); the existence of this V. seems to be implied by the sentence below. Cf. 1 yakur-. Xak. xı after 3 yaktur- wa hadöUka idd massa'l-insan šay’a (n) ‘likewise when a man has touched something’, implying a meaning ‘to order to touch’ Kaš. III 96.

D 3 yaktur- (ignite, burn) Caus. f. of 3 yak- (ignite, burn); ‘to order to ignite’, etc. S.i.m.m.l.g. nv. the usual phonetic changes. Uyğ. viII ff. Bud. (reciting this precious... sûtra and) mig küün tükel yakturup ‘having a thousand candles (Chinese 1.-w.) all lit’ TT VII 40, 121: Xak. xı (after 1 yaktur- (rub)) and one says ol anxg evlge: o:t yakturdi: ‘he ordered that his (i.e. someone else’s) house should be burnt (bi-ihrdq) and kindled the fire’ (ate’qada'l-tidŋ Kaš. III 96 (yakturur, yakturma:k): xııı (?) Tef. uluğ ot yakturdi: ‘he had a great fire lit’ 136.

D yığtur- Caus. f. of yığ- (? yı:ğ-) (assemble, collect, restrain, hold back); ‘to order to collect, or heap up (something)’. S.i.m.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Xak. xı ol agar tanğ yığturdı: ‘he urged him to heap up (*aid takwim) the wheat’ (etc.); also used when he made him detain (kallafahu bi-man — MS. yamrta') someone for a meal or something else Kaš. III 95 (yığturur, yığturmatk; the next para, relates to yövtür-, mis-spelt yığtur in the MS.): Čağ. xv ff. yığtur- Caus. f.; cam' farmudan ‘to order to collect’ San. 350r. 4 (quotn.): Xwar. xıv yığdur- ditto Qutb 90.

D yiktur- (bring down, overthrow, demolish, destroy) Caus. f. of yık- (bring down, overthrow, demolish, destroy); s.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes. Xak, xı ol anıg evin yıkturdı: ahdama baytahu ‘he had his (i.e. someone else’s) house (etc.) demolished’ Kaš. III 97 (yikturur, yikturma:k): Čağ. xv ff. yiktur- Caus. f.; andazdnidan tea xardb farmüdan ‘to order to throw down or demolish’ San. 350V. 21.

D yuktur- Caus. f. of yuk-; s.i.s.m.l. w. the usual phonetic changes. Xak. xı ol nmg to:mga: yipa:r yukturdi: altaxa tea amassa’l--misk ‘he had musk smeared or dabbed on his (someone else’s) garment’ Kaš. III 96 (yuk-turur, yukturma:k): Kom. xıv yuktur-‘to make (something) adhere to (something)’ CCG; Gr. 129 (quotn.).

Tris. V. YĞD-

D yokadtur- (destroy) Caus. f. of yo:ka:d-; ‘to destroy’ and the like. N.o.a.b. Uyğ. vııı ff. Man. TT II 17, 71-2 (yitlintür-); III 28 (arta:-): Bud. alku yaviz tüllerig yokadturdačı ‘destroying all bad dreams’ U II 58, 2 (iii); Ögümin kagımın yokadturdim erser ‘if I have destroyed my mother or father’ Suv. 134 15-16.

Dis. YĞĞ

(D) yağa:k (nut, walnut)nut’, prob. a generic term; morphologically this could be a Dev. N. fr. yağ- (? da:ğ-) (fall, pour, rain, snow, hail) (Sp. llover (duver)) in the sense of ‘something which pours down (from trees)’, but this is improbable. Survives, meaning ‘walnut’, in SE Türki yagak: NC Kır., Kzx. jagak/jagğak: SC Uzb. yogok: NW Kk. jagğak; most other languages use some form of Ar. cawz. Türkü vııı ff. yağak ığač ya:ylağı:m ‘my summer station is a nut-tree’ IrkB 5e: Uyğ. vııı ff. (Man.-A in a damaged text Ml 32, 11 ff. ‘Mar Amu Mojak walked about the town and begged for alms’ [gap] bir yağakbul[t]ı (orbol[tjı); ‘nut’ does not seem relevant in this context, the word is prob. the Man.-A form of yağukneighbour’): Bud. kim kayu tmlığ yagak (sic, not yasak as in the text) ka[buk]ınča vrhar etser ‘if a man makes a monastery the size of a nutshell’ (and adorns it with a statue of Buddha the size of a grain of wheat, etc.) Pfahl. 6, 5-e: Xak. xı yağa:k al-cawz ‘nut’ (usually specifically ‘walnut’) Kaš. III 29; o.o. I 90 (akı:); 267 (2 ağnat-); 417, 5; III 8 (ığač): Čağ. xv ff. yagak/yagağ yayak ‘nut’ Vel. 404 (quotn. ‘nuts on a tree’); yanak/ yagağ (‘with -g-’) ( (1) ‘cheek’); (2) cawz San. 339r. 14 (quotns.): Osm. xvı yagak noted only in Vel. 404 (Čağ.).

D yakığ (ointment) Dev. N. fr. 1 yak- (rub, anoint); ‘ointment’. Survives in SW Az. yaxi ‘ointment’; Osm. yakı originally ‘a plaster’, now usually ‘cautery, blister’ owing to a false etymology fr. 3 yak- (ignite, burn). Xak. xı yakığ al-damdd ft l-awram wa nahwihd ‘an ointment for swellings and the \901\ like’ Kaš. III 13; four o.o., see 1 yak- and der. f.s.

901

 
Home
Back
Contents Türkic languages

Classification of Türkic languages
Datelines
Sources
Roots
Tamgas
Alphabet
Writing
Language
Genetics
Geography
Archeology
Religion
Coins
Wikipedia
N. Kisamov Turkic substrate in English
G. Ekholm Germananic Ethnology
C. Stevens Grm.-Türkic traits
A. Toth German Lexicon
A. Toth Türkic and English
R. Mc Callister Non-IE in Gmc. languages
Türkic borrowings in English
Türkic in Romance
Alans in Pyrenees
Türkic in Greek
Türkic-Sumerian
Türkic-Etruscan
Alan Dateline
Avar Dateline
Besenyo Dateline
Bulgar Dateline
Huns Dateline
Karluk Dateline
Kimak Dateline
Kipchak Dateline
Khazar Dateline
Kyrgyz Dateline
Sabir Dateline
Seyanto Dateline
8/10/2014
Рейтинг@Mail.ru “”θδğŋɣşāáäēəðč ï öōüūû“” Türkic Türkic –