| DATELINE |
| Time |
Events |
| 750 BC |
Hesiod, 7th Century BC, writes: Inventors of bronze working were Scythians. The early Messopotamian name for metal is Zubur,
indicating that northern Messopotamian Subartuans or a people of that region were indeed inventors of process. |
| 124 BC |
Asi (Yazig) (Pasiani is Asiani with a typo p), Tocharian, Sabir (Sabaroi) tribes break into Sogdiana and Bactria. In next
five years two Parthian emperors loose their lives in wars. Later Sakauraka (Türkic ‘Saka-farmers’) tribe is also conquered by them. |
| 93AD |
Northern Huns move their center to Dzungaria |
| 124AD |
Dionysius Periegetes (the Guide), during emperor Hadrian (117-138), “Orbis terrae descriptio“ map showing Huns (Unni), Caspii, Massagets,
Sacii, Alani, Scyths, Hyrcanii, Sarmats, Taurii |
 |
| 139 |
Ptolemy (83?-161? AD) writes that in European Sarmatia ‘below Agathyrsi (Akatsirs, Türkic agach ers ‘forest people’) live Savari (Türkic
Suvars), between Basternae and Rhoxolani (Tr. Uraksy Alans, i.e. ‘Alans-farmers’) live Huns |
 |
| 155 |
155-160 Syanbiys displace northern Huns beyond Tarbagatai |
| 160 |
First mention of Huns in European literature (Dionysius Periegetes) (see 124AD) |
|
| 175 |
175 - 182 Mention of Huns in Ptolemy (see 139AD) |
|
| 227 |
Agafangel: Huns participated in joint military campaign of Armenians and Caucasian peoples against Persians |
| 307 |
Agafangel: Second mention of the Huns dated by time of reign of Tiridat III (287-330.) |
| 300 |
Bolgars and Khazars are blood relatives, with a common or similar language. |
| 330 |
330's King Sanesan of Maskuts/Masguts/Massagets ~
Sanatruk (Truk ~ Türkic) ruler of Paitakaran (~Bai Tarhanlyk)
330/38
Alans allied with Sanesan, king of ”Massagetae” (Mazk'owtk'), against Armenian king
Xosrov II Kotak |
| 350 |
War (350-359) between Chionites Huns and Sasanids (Harmatta) |
| 350 |
Moisei Khorensky: Huns were giving refuge to “heretic“ refugees from Armenia expelled by Christians |
| 354 |
Bulgars mentioned in "Chronograph" |
| 356 |
356/7 Shapur II repulses Chionite Huns on border of Persia |
| 359 |
Chionite King Grumbat participates in Persian Shah Shapur II campaign to
city Amida |
| 360 |
Favstos Buzand: Huns, together with Alans, participated in fight of Armenians headed by king Arshak II (350-368) against armies
of Persian king Shapur II (309-379) |
| 370 |
Huns control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join Huns.
Start of Byzantine annual tribute to Huns |
| 371 |
Huns invade Goths' possessions in N.Pontic |
| 372 |
Don Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe |
| 376 |
Goths relocated to East Roman Empire south of Danube, joint attack with
Huns, battle at Adrionopol, emperor Valen killed |
| 390 |
End of 4th c. Ostrogoths' war with Antes and defeat of Ostrogoths by Balamber
(Bülümar) |
| 395 |
395-397 Euseus Hieronim and Ieshu Stilit: intrusion of Caspian Huns to Asia Minor:
Caucasus, Syria, Cappadocia, and Mesopotamia |
| 399 |
Euseus Hieronim: intrusion of Caspian Huns to Syria 399. |
| 400 |
Arab and Pers authors mention town Varachan (Belenjer), capital of Hun state, Sulak valley near Upper Chir-Ürt in Dagestan.
Later authors refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars. Later authors refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars. |
| 400 |
Ancestors of Khazars among Huns called selves Basils (Bas, head; il/el, country - head of land? one of few etymologies ) |
| 406 |
Migration of Pannonia Alans and Vandals to Gaul |
| 410 |
Moisei Chorenatsi: in 410es Caucasian “land of Huns” is populated by
people with ethnonym “Basils” among other participants in events in S.Caucasia . Basils/Barsils are Khazar partner tribe. Caucasian “Huns” at that time were Kayis (Haitaks ~
Mountain Kayis). Tribe Kayi (aka Kai), Ch. Hi (霫) and Si (pyn. Xi 奚, < yiei < haj~qaj),
No 2 Kaiyg
 on Mahmud Kashgari list, was subjugated by Maodun in
200 BC, it played leading role in history of Kimeks, Western Kumans,
China, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Persia, and Russia. Kashgari list depicts two more nearly
identical tamgas, No 18 Tügers (also spelled Düver and
Düğer, Töker or Tüker, these are Tochars of Strabon and the Digor component of
Ossetes)
 , and No 19 Becheneks (also spelled Bechenek, Pechenek,
Pecheneg)
 . These three tamgas have an element of Kipchak tamga
I and V element that also includes No 1 Kınıks “Today they are
kagans”, these are Kangar dynastic tribe
 , No 16 Tutırkas (Dondurgas)
 and No 7 Begtilis (Begdilis or Beydilis)
 . |
| 410 |
Bulgars attack Lombards (Longobards) |
| 412 |
Byzantine embassy to Huns (Caspian Huns?) |
| 420 |
Huns occupied Pannonia. Western Huns settle in middle Danube. Rulers were Yabgu Roila (Rugila), Aybat (Eur.
Mundzuk) and Kagan Oktar |
| 420 |
WHITE HUN EMPIRE 420 - 552 A.D
Founder - Aksuvar (Aksungur)
Area - Half of northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan
(Total Area - 3,500,000 Km2) |
| 422 |
Byzantine peace treaty with Persia |
| 434 |
Huns siege Constantinople. Death of Rugila. Beginning of joint rule by
Atilla and
Bleda |
| 434 |
Sidonius Apollinaris: ca. 434 Khazars are Attila's tributary, followed banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the
Catalanian fields in company with the Black Huns and Alans |
| 439 |
In 439 Tobases had victory over Eastern Huns and joined Chesi to Wey Empire, Khan
Ashina with 500 families fled to Syanbinian Jujanes and settled south of
Altai mountains and produce iron for Syanbinian Jujanes. Flight of Ashina clan to Altai
Mountains |
| 445 |
Beginning of Attila sole reign Attila's 8
years overshadowed previous and following centuries in memory of Romans |
| 448 |
Attila's defeat of Akatsir Scythians and appointment of Ellak as ruler of
Pontus Huns.
Eastern Roman ambassadors in Attila's camp |
| 450 |
Lazar Parbetsi: Allied armies of S.Caucasian countries capture
fortifications named “pahane Honsü“ (defense against Hons)
Destruction of Chor (future Derbent) fortress by rebellious Armenians and Albanians |
| 450 |
Egishe Vardapet: Caspian Huns support revolt by Armenians against Persians in 450-451 |
| 450 |
Per Priscus, Sabirs conquered lands of Onogurs, Saragurs and Ugors in steppes around north-western Caspian coast. |
| 451 |
Sidonius Apollinaris: Khazars follow banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the Catalaunian fields in company with
the Black Huns and Alans. |
| 452 |
Huns invasion in Azerbaijan |
| 453 |
After death of Atilla, his 183 sons draw lots to divide Kaganate. To Ellak, eldest of Atilla sons’s brothers, was given ulus
(Oguz) of a horde called Sabirs. To Tengiz (Dengizik), was given ulus (Oguz) of a horde called Kutrigurs. To Bel-Kermek (Hernach), youngest, was
given ulus (Oguz) of a horde called Utigurs. |
| 454 |
Coalition of Germanic clans defeats and kills Ellak in battle at Nedao. Sabirs without Ellak retreat to the East, through Pontic Steppes,
to Dagestan. Kutriguri and Utiguri under Bel-Kermek (Hernach), fell back to 'Ugol' place that corresponds to Bessarabia. |
| 456 |
Byzantine captures Lazika |
| 463 |
Saragurs subjugate Akatsirs |
| 466 |
Invasion of Saragurs and Onogurs in Transcaucasia |
| 468 |
Huns offer alliance to East Roman empire |
| 469 |
Western Hunnish clans retreated. Utigurs to Azov-Taman SE of Sea of Azov. Kutrigurs to between Dniepr and Don Rivers, NW from
Sea of Azov Utigurs. Sabirs in Dagestan SE of other two Hunnic hordes, between Daryal Gorge and Kuma River on the Caspian Sea. |
| 469 |
Death of Dengizih (Diggiz) |
 |
| 481 |
Goths' Theodoric, son of Triariya, victory over Bulgars |
| 481 |
Lazar Parbetsi: In anti-Persian revolt of 481-484 Armenians wanted to get support from Caspian Huns. |
| 488 |
Khazarian khalifa begins rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus |
| 505 |
Sabirs from Pannonia begin to immigrate to North Caucasus and Itil valley |
| 505 |
Sabirs created a powerful federation of akin tribes, “Kingdom of Huns“. They were populous and had an army of 20,000 well
equipped cavalrymen. They were masters of art of war and build siege machines unknown to Persians and Byzantines |
| 515 |
515-516 Hunno-Savirs attack Armenia |
| 531 |
Khazarian khalifa loses rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus to Persian Sasanid Chosroes I (531-578) |
| 531 |
End of reign of Sassanid Persian Shakh Kobad (Kavad) I, begining of Shakh Khusrau Anushirvan (531-579) |
| 540 |
Hunno-Savirs attack S.Caucasia |
| 552 |
End of WHITE HUN EMPIRE 420 - 552 A.D
Founder - Aksuvar (Aksungur)
Area - Half of northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan
(Total Area - 3,500,000 Km2) |
| 552 |
Sabirs switch from allying with Iran to Byzantine and conquer Agvania (aka Abania). Byzantine conquer Italy |
| 552 |
Savir-Khazars attack Albania |
| 552 |
GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along
northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 554 |
Persians defeat Sabirs in Agvania. |
| 555 |
555-567 Struggle of Türkic Kaganate with White Huns (Abdaly, Ephtalites, Kushans) |
| 558 |
Avars first crushed Türkic Sabirs, allies of Byzantine, who lived on Kuma river and in Dagestan. Avars then crushed Uturgurs, a
Bolgarian tribe and also allies of Byzantine, living between Itil and Don, then crushed Zals and Ants on both sides of Don. |
| 558 |
Invading Avars attack Hunno-Bulgars. Utiguri, Kutriguri, and Sabiri conquered (559-560). |
| 558 |
Avars defeat Sabirs in N Caucasus |
| 558 |
Avarian embassy to Byzantium. Avars defeat Sabirs and Ants. |
| 560 |
Avar Kaganate extended from Itil to mouth of Danube. Bolgars are split, with Kuturgur Huns (also listed are Onogundurs (10 Ogur
Confederation), Hunnogurs, Sabirs belonging to Avar Kaganate, and Utugur Huns (30 Ogur) and Khazars loyal to W. Kaganate |
| 560 |
Avar Kaganate extended from Itil to mouth of Danube.
Bolgars are split, with Kuturgur Huns (also listed are Onogundurs (10 Ogur Confederation), Hunnogurs, Sabirs belonging to Avar Kaganate, and
Utugur Huns (30 Ogur) and Khazars loyal to W. Kaganate |
| 561 |
Sosroi Nushirvan crushes Sibirs |
| 562 |
Defeat of Savir-Khazars by Khusrau Anushirvan |
| 565 |
Avars subjugate Hunnugur and Sabir, and other Hunnic hordes, assimilating them under Avar Kaganate. |
| 565 |
After defeat of their forces by Avars, Khazars took lead in Sabir-Khazar federation. Part of Sabirs move north, to Middle Itil
region, among settled there Bolgarian tribes. Their main city Suvar is a great center of Itil Bolgaria. |
| 566 |
Between 566 and 571 Istemi Djabgu subjugated peoples Bandjar, Balandjar (Belendjer) and Khazar. Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur =
Utigur Bolgars. Khazar influence increased as Khazars became Turks closest allies and assistants |
| 567 |
End of Türkic Kaganate struggle with White Huns (Abdaly, Ephtalites, Kushans) |
| 567 |
567-571 Conquest by Türkic Kaganate of Khazars and Eastern Bulgars. Western (Kara) Bulgars remain in Avar Kaganate |
| 570 |
Khazars are ruled by Western Kaganate (570-659) |
| 571 |
Khazars and Bulgars are confederated with Türkic Kaganate |
| 576 |
Turks establish Khazar Khanate. |
| 576 |
Beginning of war in Caucasus between Byzantium and Kaganate |
| 581 |
581-593 Civil strife in Türkic Kaganate |
| 581 |
“Sui shu“ (581 to 618) chapter 84 “Description Of Tele“ lists 45 tribes
of Asian steppe, including a-lan (Alans). Alans
are included in listing of Turkic-speaking Tele tribes. “Sui shu“ called Khazars Türkic
Kesa, Asa, and Gejie |
| 582 |
582 - 602 Rule of Byzantine Emperor Maurice. First mention of Khazars in Byzantian annals, along with Bolgars and Barsils. Noted
their coming from Bersilia, supposedly in Caspian steppe |
| 582 |
Byzantian emperor Mauritius (582-602) |
| 589 |
W. Kaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bolgars.
Both Khazars and Bolgars are confederated (jointed voluntarily, not as conquered) into W. Kaganate. |
| 589 |
W. Kaganate's Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth.
Bolgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured wealth. |
| 589 |
Invasion of Khazars, Greeks and Georgians to Agvania is repelled by Persians |
| 600 |
Split of On-Ok (10 tribes) confederation into Tokuz-Oguz (9
tribes) confederation and Saka tribes of Red Huns that includes Khazars (Kosa可萨 pin. Kesa) and Bersils (Barsils) |
| 600 |
Klyashtorny: Ca 600 due to internal wars with Siker dynstic tribe of the Red Huns “Hermihions”
(Esgil/Ezgel/Esegil/Eseg/Izgil/Ishkil/Ichgil/Äsägel/
/Askel/Askil/Sekler/Szek(ler)/Ch.
Asitsze/Pin. Asijie, Sijie/Hermihions), the Sirs ( = Saka = Türks) left the On-Ok union,
yielding control of the Tokuz-Oguz “Nine tribes” union to Jalair (Yaglakar) family
of Uigurs. The Khazars (Kosa可萨
pin. Kesa) and the Bersils (Barsils) belonged to the Seres/Sir sesessionists.
A part of the Khazar tribe remained in the Yaglakar's Tokuz-Oguz “Nine tribes”
confederation, and these Khazars, Yaglakars, Tokuz-Oguzes, and Uigurs after 600 AD have
their own history (Uigur history). |
| 610 |
Byzantian emperor Heraclius (610-641) |
| 610 |
Future Gokturk’s Sibir-Khan (14), Mokhodu, of the most western ulus, is baptized in Constantinople. This starts his fight with
Buri-shad (34) (610-618) and Tardu Yabgu (Tun(g)-Yabgu) (23) (618-630). Kurbat is not baptized. |
| 618 |
“Chiu Tang shu“(“Old chronicle of Tang state “, 618-907 provides
material on Khazars |
| 626 |
Conclusion of alliance between Heraclius and W Türkic Kagan Tun-Yabgu-Kagan (618-630), intrusion of Türco-Khazar armies into S.Caucasia |
| 626 |
(Onogur?) Bolgars live in N.Caucasus on right bank of Kuban' to Don
Different fr Khazars
Rival to Khazars. Khazars is apparent backward projection, a misnomer for Hunno-Savirs |
| 626 |
Avars controlled all Kuturgur Hun lands
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars did not participate in Khazars' war raids into Caucasus.
Khazars is apparent backward projection, a misnomer for Hunno-Savirs
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars guarded western border of Western Kaganate
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars are allied with Tele (Dulu). |
| 626 |
W. Kaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bolgars.
Khazars is apparent backward projection, a misnomer for Hunno-Savirs |
| 626 |
Khazars and (Onogur?) Bolgars confederated (voluntarily, not conquered) into W. Kaganate.
Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth.
Bolgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured wealth. |
| 626 |
Khazars ally with Byzantine under Emperor Heraclius (626-630) |
| 627 |
Siedge of Tbilisi by Türks and Byzantines |
| 628 |
Capture of Tbilisi and conquest of Albania by Khazars |
| 630 |
End of rule of Khazars by Western Kaganate |
| 630 |
630-634 Civil strife in Türkic Kaganate |
| 630 |
W Türkic Kagan Sibir-Khan (630-631) |
| 630 |
Bolgars/Barsils are incorporated into elite of W. Kaganate horde |
| 630 |
Great Bolgaria in N Pontic under Kurbat (630-660). W Türkic Kagan Bagadur Kiuliug Sibir-Khan (630-631) recognized independence of
Bulgaria under Kurbat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine line from Dulo clan. Khazars remain loyal to troubled W Türkic Kaganate |
| 630 |
Gokturk Kaganate’s Sibir-Khan (14) recognized independence of Bolgaria under Kurbat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine
line. |
| 630 |
Qarluqs rebel against Gokturk Kaganate, Tung Yabgu (23) dies, W. Kaganate split, SW and NE. SW run by Nushibis, under Irbis
Bolun Yabgu (31) (631-631), installed by Nishu Khan Shad (32), son of Baga Shad (24). NE run by Tele (Dulu), under Sibir Khan Yabgu (14)
(630-631). |
| 631 |
SW of W. Kaganate Irbis Bolun Yabgu (31) replaced by Nishu Khan Shad (32) as Dulu
Khan (631-634). NE of W. Kaganate Sibir Khan Yabgu (14) killed. W. Gokturk Kaganate reunited. |
| 635 |
Kurbat (Gr. Kubrat) escaped dominance of Gokturks and Khazars, by supporting Sibir-Khan in 630. He became independent, defeated
Avars. Controlled area near Pontic steppes |
| 635 |
Kurbat (Gr. Kubrat) sent embassy to Constantinople and received title of Patrician.
Kurbat's Bolgaria joins Byzantium as Federatae.
Byzantium becomes a bordering state with Khazaria of W. Kaganate, controlling former Khazar territories. |
| 636 |
Bolgaria hostile with Khazars of W. Kaganate on East, with Avars on West, with Byzantium on South. |
| 642 |
First Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman. Reference to
Khazars in Arabic sources is apparent backward projection, in 555 Zacharias Rhetor does
not yet know Khazars, instead he knows Barsils. The first Khazar-Arab war is Savir-Arab
war |
| 646 |
Son of Buri (Bulan) Shad, Ashina prince Khallyg (62) is mentioned as Eastern Djabgu in connection with leading Dulu revolt |
| 650 |
Son of Irbis Shegui Khan, name unknown, becomes first Kagan of Khazar Kaganate (650?-….). |
| 650 |
Pletneva: 650 (provisional date) Formation of Khazar Kaganate ? |
| 651 |
Son of Buri Shad, Khallyg (62) leading Bishbalyk Türkut horde captured control of W. Türkic Kaganate, and personally killed its
last Kagan Irbis Sheguy Khan from Ashina dynasty ( -651), and proclaimed himself Kagan Yshbara Khan |
| 651 |
With Ashina dynasty loss of rule in W.Türkic Kaganate, former confederate Khazaria with attached Bolgar Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs
(i.e. Antes) and Itil Bolgars gain independence.
Khazars keep Kagan from Ashina dynasty, likely younger son of Irbis Sheguy Khan (46),
whose brothers were.... |
 |
| 651 |
Khazaria with center in Semender bordered in the east with W.Türkic Kaganate of Kagan Yshbara Khan with center in Bin-Bulak
(Thousand Springs) S of r. Talas. |
 |
| 651 |
Defeat of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in Euthrates battle |
| 652 |
Conquest of and recognition by S.Caucasian countries of Arab Caliphate dominance |
| 652 |
End of first Khazar-Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman. Reference
to Khazars in Arabic sources is apparent backward projection, in 555 Zacharias Rhetor
does not yet know Khazars, instead he knows Barsils. The first Khazar-Arab war is
Savir-Arab war |
| 653 |
653-654 Arab first campaign against Hunno-Savir state, defeat of Arab army |
| 655 |
Pletneva: Capture by Khazars of part of Crimea from Kurbat Bulgaria ? |
| 655 |
Gumilev: Khazars cooperate with Iranian speaking Alans. Khazars is
apparent backward projection, a misnomer for Hunno-Savirs |
| 656 |
Campaign of Chinese Tang Empire (Toba/Tabgach Empire) against W Türkic Kaganate. Sogdiana (Chinese “Kang-chu“) occupied by Chinese (657-700). Resistance
of Baiyrku, Sige, Bugu and Tonra tribes against Chinese occupation |
| 656 |
Murder of Osman. Civil war in Caliphate. Founded Khazar state |
|
| 657 |
657-659 Demise of W Türkic Kaganate |
| 659 |
W Türkic Kagan Yshbara Khan died. W Türkic Kaganate ceased to exist forever |
| 659 |
Unnamed members of W Türkic Kaganate royal Ashina clan move to western ulus E of Itil |
| 660 |
Pletneva: 660 (provisional date) Migration of Khan Asparuh horde to Danube ? |
| 660 |
Post-Kurbat 8 year period (643-650) after which Khazars overrun Bulgar homelands. |
| 660 |
Kurbat's 1st son Bayan (Batbayan) remains in Great Bolgaria confederated with Khazars |
| 660 |
Agvanian Djevanshir defeats Khazars |
| 662 |
Arabs fight Khazars for Derbent |
| 667 |
150K Kumans, Turkmens, Kuk-Oguses and Kyrgises confederated as Khazars cross Idel.
Shambat and Asparukh battle Khazars, loose and flee to Bashtu, present Kiev. |
| 668 |
Peace treaty between Khazars' Kagan Kaban and Kara Bulgar's Baltavar Bat-Boyan.
Kara Bulgar is subordnated to Khazar. |
| 670 |
Bat-Boyan Kurbat Bolgars are defeated by Khazars.
Khazars recover territory with east Bolgar (Utugur) and Alan populations. |
| 670 |
Khazars under Alp-Ilitver defeat Bulgars |
| 679 |
Kurbat's Bolgaria is split into independent (Byzantium Federatae) west Khanaate under Asparukh, controlling from Donets on East
to Danube on West, and Eastern Ak Bulgar Yorty, subject to Khazar Kagan from Itil to Donets, with capital Phanagoria. |
| 680 |
The empire of the Avars peaked at the end of the 7th century (680 AD), after devision of Kurbat Bulgaria between Avars and
Khazars, when it reached from the Volga to the Danube. The empire of the Avars peaked at the end of the 7th century (680 AD), after
devision of Kurbat Bulgaria between Avars and Khazars, when it reached from the Volga to the Danube. |
| 682 |
Mission of Albania bishop Israil to Hunno-Savirs |
| 682 |
Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes “Kingdom of Huns“ (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri
cult of Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars. Albanian missionary bishop Israel
describes “Kingdom of Huns“ (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) =
Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars. |
| 683 |
Khazar raid to Armenia |
| 683 |
683-685 Khazars invaded S.Caucasia, inflicted much damage and took much booty. Khazar invaders killed rulers of Armenia and Georgia |
| 684 |
Invasion of Khazars to S.Caucasia |
| 684 |
Khazar raid to Cis-Causasus |
| 695 |
Dethronement of Justinian II Cut-nose (685-695 d. 711) and his refuge in Kherson |
| 700 |
Khazars are frequently allied with Huns of North Caucasus.
Alp, Elteber of Huns of North Caucasus, is a vassal of Khazars.
Huns capital city is Varachan (late 10 c). |
| 700 |
700-750 Khazars at their peak |
| 703 |
Busir (Ibousir-Glavan) becomes Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate (703?-….). |
| 703 |
Khazar royal princess ….. marries Byzantine emperor Justinian II to become Empress Theodora. |
| 705 |
Byzantian emperor Justinian II Cut-nose (705-711 restored) |
| 711 |
Khazars help to install Phillipicus as an Byzantine Emperor. Khazars help to install Phillipicus as an Byzantine Emperor. |
| 711 |
Execution of Justinian II Cut-nose, Khazars attack of S.Caucasia |
| 713 |
Capture of Derbent by Arab commander Maslama and intrusion of his armies into depth of Khazaria |
| 714 |
Khazars loose Derbent to Arabs |
| 717 |
Byzantian emperor Leo III from Isaurian mountains (717-741) with strong Türkic domestic and foreign orientation |
| 718 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Khazars invade Azerbaijan. |
| 721 |
Arab commander Jerrah campaign to Khazaria, capture of Belendjer |
| 722 |
Second Khazar - Arab war (722-737)
First campaign of Arabian troops led by J. Jirrah in Northern Caucasus against Alans and Khazars |
| 723 |
Khazars lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar |
| 723 |
723-724 Arab commander Jerrah campaigns against Alans |
| 723 |
723-944 Start of massive Jewish emigration to Khazaria |
| 727 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Muslam's raid against Khazars |
| 730 |
Khazar commander Barjik led Khazar troops through Darial Pass to invade Azerbaijan. At Battle of Ardabil, Khazars defeated entire Arab
army. Battle of Ardabil lasted for three days, and resulted in death of major Arab general Jarrah. Khazars then conquered Azerbaijan and Armenia
and northern Iraq for a brief time |
| 730 |
Khazar's Barjik leads 300K army to raid Azerbaijan (Albania?).
At Arbadil, Khazars defeat entire Arab army. |
| 730 |
Acceptance of Judaism by Khazar Kagan Bulan of Ashina dynasty |
| 730 |
730-731 Khazar campaigns against Albania, capture of its capital Ardebil, defeat of Jerrah Arab army |
| 732 |
Leo III Isaur's son prince Constantin Copronim's (Constantine V, 741-775) dynastic marriage to sister of
Khazar Kagan Chichak
(Empress Irina) from Ashina clan |
| 732 |
Khazar princess Chichek marries Byzantine emperror Constantine V to become Empress Irene. |
| 732 |
Arab commander Mervan campaign to Derbent and Belendjer (“Muddy Campaign“) |
| 735 |
Arab commander Mervan campaign to Khazaria, catastrophic defeat of
Khazar army |
| 737 |
Arabs force conversion to Islam. …... becomes first Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam for political reasons
(703?-….). |
| 737 |
Acceptance by Khazar Kagan Bardjil of Islam as a condition of staying in power |
| 737 |
Marwan, an Arab general, captured the Khazar Kagan and forced him to pledge support to the Caliphate and convert to Islam |
| 737 |
Khazars loose Samandar to Arabs, move capital to Itil. |
| 740 |
Byzantian emperor Constantine V (741-775), half Khazar and partially Türk on father's side |
| 743 |
End of GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along
northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 743 |
Civilization created by Great Türkic Kaganate was carried on by, many peoples: Kypchaks, Kimaks, Uigurs, Bechens, Oguzes,
Karluks, Kyrgyzes, Türgeshes, Khazars, Bulgars and others who inherited it after destruction of Kaganate |
| 747 |
Khan Marduan of Dagestani Bulgars, Burjans, build a small wooden city, named city Marduan. Khazars called it Mardukan. Present
Bulgar (Great Bulgar) |
| 750 |
700-750 Khazars at their peak |
|
| 760 |
Khazar Kagan Boghatur (760?-…) |
| 762 |
Khazars, led by As Tarkhan, re-conquer S.Caucasia |
| 762 |
Khazar invasion into Sis-Caucasia.
764 Khazars take Tbilisi |
| 772 |
War between Greeks and Bulgars. Khazaria unites with Alania |
| 775 |
Leo IV “Khazar“ emperor of Byzantine Empire (775-780) |
| 780 |
Leo II, greatson of Khazar Kagan, ruler of Abkhazia. (780-….) |
| 786 |
Khazars help Abkhazia to free from Byzantine and Abkhazia becomes Khazar dependency. |
| 786 |
Baghdad Caliph Harun-ar-Rashid (786-809) |
| 787 |
787-791 John the Goth revolt in Byzantian Crimea supported by Khazars |
| 799 |
799-809 Reforms of Khazar Kagan Obadia, official acceptance of Judaism as a state religion with continued policy of religious
tolerance. Spread of Jewish religion in Kaganate. Khazar ruling house called with Hebrow Togarmah
(or just Türkic people)???
|
| 810 |
810-820 Revolt of Tengrian Kabars in Khazar Kaganate. Kabar clans eventually migrate to Pannonia, join Hungarians, and assimilate |
| 817 |
Inhabitants of Samandar revolt against attempts by Khazar Kagan Karak to introduce Judaism |
| 820 |
Khazars found Sambata (sam = high, bat = stronghold) and Kiev ( kui = low, ev = settlement), settled by Khazars and Magyars. |
| 822 |
822-836 Intrusion of Hungarians into Black Sea Coast where? against whom? |
| 829 |
Byzantian emperor Theophilus (829-842) |
| 830 |
Khazar Kagan Xan-Tuvan (Dyggvi) (830?-…) |
| 830 |
Construction of Sarkel fortress by Khazars with Byzantium's help |
| 833 |
Fortress Sarkel is built by Khazars and Byzantines. |
| 834 |
Byzantian mission to Khazaria purportedly for construction of fortress in Sarkel, but not doing it |
| 837 |
837-838 Khazar envoys in Byzantine successful in lobbying for Khazar
fortress to be built by Byzantines, at the strategic point of Don named Sarkel (White
Fortress), it was erected by Byzantine engineers transported and protected by Byzantine
fleet from Paphlagonian theme (military district). Conflict with other earlier dates: 830, 833, 834 |
| 842 |
Muhamad ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi works in Khazar Kagan's palace, sent there by Caliph Al-Wathiq. |
| 859 |
Shilki lost battle to Khazar Kagan Iskhak at Baltavar (Poltava) |
| 859 |
Kara Bulgar lost Bashtu (Kiev) and Urus (Novgorod) uluses to Khazars.
Khazars oganize them as ulus Rus.
Kagan Iskhak appoints Norman leader Dir (Bulg Djir) of Slavic militia in Bashtu a ruler of Rus and Norman Ascold (Bulg As-Khalib) a Viceregent
of Rus |
| 860 |
860-862 Kushtan (Constantine)-Baksan (baptized Cyril on his deathbed), brother of Bandja (baptized Methodius), travel to Khazaria |
| 861 |
Religious debate in Khazar court (Khazar Polemic) between Cyril and Methodius, Rabbi Yitzhak Ha Sangari, and Muslem cleric
Farabi Ibn Kora. |
| 861 |
Khazar Bulan Bek, nobility and some common people convert to Judaism. |
| 861 |
Khazar kings converted to Judaism. A Jewish dynasty of kings presided over the Khazar kingdom until the 960s |
| 862 |
Chronist Nestor gives 862 as year of creation of Rus.
Ruses are rulers of Slavs. Ruses live in military settlements and “feed“ by spoils, a part of which was rendered to Jewish Khazars.
Slavs are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. |
| 875 |
Khazars built a glass factory in Hrodna (present Belarus) |
| 882 |
Khan Alabuga of a Baryn line of Sabans starts a city, named later Bilyar. |
| 883 |
883-885 Conquest of Acathyrs (Slav. Drevlyan, i.e. Foresters), and switch of some Seber clans (Slav. Severyan) and Radimiches to
Salahbi Yolyg (yolyg means “divinator, prophet“) (Slav. Oleg, aka Veschiy Oleg, i.e Oleg the Seer, 882-916) of incipient Kyiv Rus |
| 889 |
After 889. Besenyos break through Khazar border guards and replace Magyars from Levedia |
| 889 |
Intrusion of Badjanks (Besenyos), displaced by Oguses from Yaik steppes, into N.Pontic steppes |
| 890 |
Allied with Khazars Oguzes harassed Bechens, who at the end of 9-10 cc hurriedly proceeded to the west. Bechens' migration was
accompanied by plundering and fires. Bechens stopped in Dnepro-Don interfluvial. Second branch of Bechens stopped in foothills of N.Caucasus |
 |
| 890 |
Arbat (Arpad) Madjar of Dulo clan (ca 895-907), senior son of Bulgarian Kaan Almysh (895-925, baptized Djafar in 922) displaced
chieftain Kurszán of Magyars (Madjars) as Prince of Magyars, future Hungarians, and established Arpad dynasty. Kurszán is moved to sacral
figurehead position of the horde's tribal confederation. Hungarians escape Khazar domination after 3-years stay in Lebedia in
Khazar
territory, and moving to Atelkuzy (future Bessarabia). Arbat (Arpad) Madjar must have been Bulgarian governor of N.Pontic ulus where Magyars led
by chieftain Lebed stayed for 3-years. |
| 894 |
Magyar Prince Levente leads Khazar Kabars against Bolgaria |
| 894 |
Hungarian campaign to Danube |
| 895 |
Defeat of Hungarians by Badjanks (Besenyos), retreat of Hungarians to Atelkuzu (future Bessarabia) |
| 895 |
Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power |
| 895 |
Itil Bolgaria census lists 550K, 200K are Saban-speaking Bulgars, 180K-Ars (Udmurts, Finno-Ugors), 170K-Modjars |
| 895 |
Some Khazar Kabars settle in Transilvania/Hungary with Magyars. |
| 896 |
Founding date of Hungary. Seven tribes of Magyars settled in Carpathian Basin. Kingdom of Hungary was formed by seven Magyar and three
Khazar tribes |
| 902 |
Varangian Rus mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries. Varangian
Rus mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries. |
| 904 |
Oleg, Prince of Kiev (882-916 ), remains a vassal of Avar Kaganate, divided between Bulgarian principalities.(In 859 to
Khazars??) |
| 909 |
With Varyag allies Rus drujina captures Khazar fort Abezgun on Caspian With Varyag allies Rus drujina captures Khazar fort
Abezgun on Caspian |
| 909 |
Capture by Ruses of Abesgun island in Caspian Sea and destruction of
local merchant fleet |
| 912 |
Reign of Ummayad Caliph Abdarrahman III (912-961) |
| 913 |
Joined attack of Badjanks (Besenyos), Oguzes and Ases (Alans ) on Khazars |
| 913 |
Raid of Rus state pirates on Caspian Sea coastal population headed by Salahbi Yolyg (Slav. Oleg, aka Veschiy Oleg, i.e Oleg the Seer,
882-916) |
| 913 |
Khazars demolish Russian marauding expedition fleet |
| 915 |
First encounter of Badjanks (Besenyos) with Rus and their peace with prince Ugyr Lachini (916-945, Slav. Igor the Old, son of Lachyn
Dulo, aka Rürik, 855-882) |
| 920 |
Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oguz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bolgars. |
| 920 |
Itil Bolgar Baltavar (Elteber) Almush (Almas) allies with Califate as counterbalance to Khazars.
Beginnng of minting Itil Bolgar money - dirkhem |
| 922 |
Khazaria army composed of Burtases and Kumans revolted, overthrew Khakan Arslan
(-922) and
installed Modjar (922-), son of ruling Bek, as Khakan |
| 922 |
Travel of Ibn-Fadlan to Itil Bulgaria |
| 922 |
City Nur-Suvar founded (922-1246). Present name Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar). |
| 930 |
Itil Bulgaria has 30 cities. Khasan built: Matak, Nukrat, Bandja (Samara ) (Center of Mardan-Bellak ulus), Bulyar (citadel in
Bilyar), Kamysh, Simbir, Gazan-Deber, Kashan, Tukhcha, Tau-Kerman (Sviyajsk), Tash-Bolgar, Subash-Simbir, Karadjar, Djilan |
| 930 |
Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage |
| 932 |
Khazar-Alan war ends with victory of Khazars. Alans remain in
Khazar sphere as autonomous state and multiple Alanian colonies along Don-Sever Donets area |
| 932 |
Khazars ally with Oguzes. |
| 939 |
Khazar Baliqchi (city major) Pesakh defeats Ruses |
| 939 |
Khazar baliqchi (city major) Pesakh defeated Ruses. According to anonymous letter written by Khazarian Jew in the 940s, Rus prince Oleg
captured Khazar-held city Tmutorokan one night. Pesakh, a prominent Khazar baliqchi (governor), learned of Oleg’s actions and conquered
several Crimean cities belonging to Byzantines and also did away with many Ruses. Oleg was badly defeated, and was forced to surrender to
Governor-General Pesakh. This was a major Khazar victory over Rus |
| 943 |
943-944 Raid of Rus state pirates on Caspian Sea coastal population including a winter in captured city Berda |
| 944 |
Gali, son of Horezm Turkmen Khan Kuruk, organized a raid of his son
Kubar heading troops of Turkmen mercenaries in Bulgar service under command of Yunus, to seize
Khazar capital Itil and install their protégé Ugez-Bek (Uzbek, son of Modjar) as
Khazar Khakan, with Kubar serving as his Bek |
| 944 |
723-944 End of massive Jewish emigration to Khazaria |
| 950 |
Magyars living in Lebedia are vassals of Khazars. |
| 950 |
By the middle of 10th c. Bechens occupied large territory from Itil to Danube. Bechens played significant role in life of
neighboring peoples. Bechens helped in demise of Khazar Kaganate. Byzantium maneuvered to collide Bechens with Rus. Bechens attacked Rus in 915,
920 and 968 |
| 954 |
954-961 Correspondence of Hasdai Ibn-Shafrut with Khazar Kagan Joseph |
| 960 |
…... becomes second Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam (960?-….). |
| 964 |
Bulgarian annals provide background information on the Rus campaign
against Khazaria, depicting it as a
Bulgar liberation war of joint Bulgar-Rus alliance, where Bulgaria paid Ruses for the
campaign by leasing out provinces Djir (future Rostov province and city of
Russia), Kan (future Murom province and city) and the western Kortdjak
(future Moscow, Vladimir and Ivanovo provinces), for an annual tribute equal in size to
the tribute from Djir (Bulgar-Rus Treaty of 964). In the campaign participated
Turkmens (Oguzes), recently defeated in the lengthy Bulgar-Turkmenian war (ca. 947-ca.
960), and Bajanaks, whose territory the Rus army had to cross, as Rus allies in the
campaign. The annals describe Rus army as consisting of 20 thousand Vikings and 50
thousand Slavs. |
| 964 |
Itil Bulgar Khan Mohamed's Vizier Talib signs a treaty with Rus Knyaz Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) promising to
relinquish Djir, Kan and western part of Kortjak ulus ( Russ. Moscow, Vladimir and Ivanov provinces) in exchange for attack on Khazars and anual
tribute |
| 964 |
Byzantine Chersonesus governor (strategos) asks Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) for aid against Khazars. Svyatoslav campaign
to Don. En route he attacks Volga Bolgars, raids Sarkel (Belya Veja), Itil and Tmutorakhan, also captures Chersonesus (Itil=Atil, Sarkel=Belya
Veja) |
| 964 |
Kengeres (Kangars) seriously threaten Khazaria |
| 965 |
Part of Khazaria was conquered by the Kievan Rus prince Svyatoslav (Barys
Lachini, 945-972) |
| 965 |
Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies with
Oguz (Torks). Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yases
(Ases) and Kasogs (Adygs) in Taman-Kuban area |
| 965 |
Itil Bolgars gain independence after defeat of Khazars. Itil Bolgars gain independence after defeat of Khazars. |
| 965 |
Campaign of Kyiv Prince Barys (945-972, Slav. Svyatoslav I, son of Ugyr-Igor) on Khazars, capture of Itil and Sarkel. In Russian
historiography this event is termed a dissolution of Khazar Kaganate and disappearance of its peoples |
| 966 |
Switch of Nukrat (Slav. Vyatka, from Bulgarian Batysh = western, i.e Western Kipchaks) province's
Khazar tribute obligations from
Khazaria to Kyiv Rus scored by Kyiv Prince Barys (945-972, Slav. Svyatoslav I) |
| 966 |
Bandja (Fanagoria), capital of Great Bulgaria in 7th c, destroyed by Kiev Knyaz
Svyatoslav. Escaped inhabitants established New Bandja in Jiguli on Itil
(Murom setlement). During campaign were devastated cities in the North-East Caucasus,
including Semender. |
| 967 |
Knyaz Svyatoslav of Kiev seizes Khazar capital Itil |
| 969 |
Khazaria, broken by Svyatoslav (called Barys by Bulgars), is divided between Itil Bulgaria and N. Caucasus Saklans. |
| 969 |
Northern inflow of silver dirhams from Bulgaria and Khazaria stops |
| 972 |
8 Besenyo tribes (Russ. Pecheneg), under Khan Kura, of Kipchak stock with Oguz element, freed of Khazar dominance, defeat Rus
prince Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) and make a drinking cup of his scull. Besenyo's continuous figts with Khazars, Byzantines and
Russians. |
| 977 |
977-985 Khazars turn to Horesm for help, Horesm help comes conditioned by conversion of Khazars to Islam and with occupation of
Khazaria's Itil and some other cities by Horesmians |
| 981 |
981-982 Conquest campaign of prince Kyiv Prince Vladimir son of Barys (Svyatoslavich) against western (Slav. Vyatka, from Türk. Batysh
= western) Kipchak tribe |
| 985 |
Kyiv Prince Vladimir's raid against Itil Bulgaria and Khazaria |
| 986 |
Khazars present Judaism to Knyaz Vladimir of Kiev, Itil Bolgars present Islam. |
| 1000 |
Khazars in Kievan Rus are Slavicized and adopt East Slavic language (1000-1300) |
| 1016 |
Last Khazar Kagan Georgius Tzul is cuptured by combined army of Byzantine Basil II and Sfengus, brother of Kiev's Grand Prince
Vladimir.
Khazaria loses last independence and territories of Crimea and Taman. |
| 1035 |
Established fort Khazar (Voronej) |
| 1050 |
Before 800, Alans or Asses lived, together with Besenyos, around lower reaches of the Amu-darya (Uzboy) flowing into Caspian
Sea, and later, after river changed its course, they migrated to coast of Sea of the Khazars |
| 1079 |
Khazars take prisoner Rus prince Oleg (Slav. Oleg Svyatoslavich) who was prince of captured city Tamiyatarkhan (Slav. Tmutarakan) ship
him to Byzantium |
| 1083 |
Rus prince Oleg returned to city Tamiyatarkhan (Slav. Tmutarakan) and retaliated to Khazars |
| 1096 |
Per Rabbi Nissim, seventeen Khazar communities join nomads (Kengeres, Bolgars, Oguses) |
| 1206 |
Khazar Jews are reported to use a form of Cyrillic script. |
| 1222 |
Kotyan Khan's Cumans, Bulgars, Khazars and Alans in first fight with Mongol-Tatars, accept promise not to harm them as speakers
of the same Kipchak dialect to withdraw, but are attacked and defeated. Capital of Alania Magas (Meget) is seized |
| 1242 |
End of Dagestani Khazar kingdom. |
| 1246 |
City Nur-Suvar destroyed (922-1246). Present name Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar). |
| 1300 |
Descendants of Jewish Khazars in Eastern Europe adopt Yiddish language (1300-1500). |
| 1309 |
Hungarian Christian clergy edicts that Catholics cannot marry “Khazars“. |
| 1349 |
Hungarian Jews, partly of Khazar origin, resettle in Poland and Austria. |
