| DATELINE |
| Time |
Events |
| 2000 BC |
Desiccation of Middle Asia. Uraloid population subsisting along Amu-Darya and Aral
Sea abandons settlements and migrates north to more humid zone; tentatively attributed to
Finnic linguistic family |
| 1600 BC |
First archeological and cultural evidence of South Siberian nomadic
pastoralists reaching China. Flood of cultural innovations, introduction of kinship-based
state organization, rudiments of written notations |
| 1000 BC |
Beginning of Middle Asia de-aridization and slow repopulation of its southern belt. Migration of Kurgan Culture
Timber Grave pastoralist people from northwestern Pontic steppes, Bactrian farmer
settlers from south. Beginning of symbiotic agro-pastoralist economy alongside water courses
differentiated along traditional ethnical lines |
| 800 BC |
South Siberian Kurgan Culture Timber Grave people reach Caucasus and Middle East,
became known to Greeks as Scythians, to Middle Easterners as Ishkuza/Ashkenaz = Tr. As/Ish-kiji
= Tr. As-people, or Az-eri |
 |
| 700 BC |
Intensified converging flow of Kurgan Culture Timber Grave nomadic pastoralist people from 2 opposing
directions, from northwestern Pontic steppes and from northeastern South Siberian areas.
Transition to semi-nomadic pastoralism and settled agriculture by Timber Grave people,
combined with Bactrian agricultural extracts. Peopling of Amu-Darya, Aral Sea, and Uzboi
marches. By 5th c. BC Herodotus mentions Yirks = Tr. “nomad” (Herkania),
Dahae = Tokhars/Dügers/Tuhsi, and Massagetes = Masguts as nomadic tribes, provinces, and
states, with an umbrella Persian term of Sakas, i.e. the same South Siberian Kurgan
Culture Timber Grave Scythians and Ases. Inflow of South Siberians adds distinct
Mongoloid tint to central Asian inhabitants, with east-west declined cline, detected
anthropologically, genetically, and in literature |
| 300 BC |
Türkic language splits into
2 branches, Ogur (Eastern) and Oguz (Kipchak) (Western). Oguz 'z',
'y, i', (Oguz, yilan, Yaik) Ogur 'r', 'd, dj', (Ogur, djulan, Djaik). Huns, Uigurs,
Kangars, Karluks, Bulgars, Avars, Suvars, Kalaches are attributed to the Ogur branch,
most of other Türkic peoples are attributed to the Oguz branch. |
| 204 BC |
HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 216 A.D
Area
- At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west, Caspian Sea;
(Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Maodun, Maotun, Bagatir, Batur) |
 |
| 115 BC |
Between 115–60 BCE Western Han forces fought Huns over control of Tarim Basin oasis
city-states. Eventually Western Han won and in 60 BCE established "Protectorate of "
Western Regions"
|
| 63 BC |
Huns regain control over Tarim Basin |
| 51 BC |
Hun Shanyu Huhanye (Ch. 呼韓邪) suffered defeat and sought protection from Western Han
Emperor Yuan. Winner of internecine conflict Zhizhi (Jiji, Chichi) Shanyu (r. 56–36 BCE) was
killed by Chinese at the Battle of Zhizhi (Jiji, Chichi), in modern Taraz, Kazakhstan |
| 51 BC |
Hun tribes endangered by Chinese assaults start a migration wave westward to Aral,
Itil/Volga, Sogdiana |
| 139 |
Ptolemy (83?-161? AD) writes that in European Sarmatia ‘below Agathyrsi (Akatsirs, Türk. agach-ers ‘forest people’)
live Savari (Türk. Suvars, 'water people'), between Basternae (Türk. Bash-t-er 'head people') and
Rhoxolani (Türk. Uraksy Alani, i.e. ‘Alans-farmers’) live Huns |
| 155 |
Between 155 and 166 Hsien-pi/Hsien-pei/Xienbi/Syanbinians (Tungus-future
Mongols) confederates under Tian-Shih-huai (in Ch. rendition) conduct a series of
campaigns against Western (Nothern) Hun dominance, leading Huns to major defeat and start
westward migration (93-c.380) |
| 155 |
End of Huns as a major power in inner Asia |
| 166 |
Major defeat of Huns by Hsien-pi/Xienbi/Syanbinians, who shifted to
Orkhon-Selenga basin and formed a nucleus replacing Huns as dominant tribe in Western (Nothern)
Hun Empire, over old Hun's territory from Wusün in the west, Dinlins (Ch. Ting-ling) in
the north, Fu-yü in the east, and Chinese Great Wall in the south, spanning approximately
4,000 li (1,663 km) east-west, and 7,000 li (2,911 km) north to south. |
| 166 |
Syanbi EMPIRE Ch.鲜卑 Xianbei, Hsien-pei, etc.
166 - 235 A.D
Area
- At north Siberia/Huns; south Huns/China; east Tungus tribes; west Tele, Huns,
Turfan Basin; (Total Area - 2,500,000 Km2, Gumilev: 6.5 mln Km2,
which does not agree with his map)
Founder - Tanshikhuai/Tian-Shih-huai |
 |
| 200 |
By 200 AD, instead of single Hun people appeared four branches
1. Northern Huns, mixed with Ugrs in Siberia, untamed, and wild, far from cultural
centers.
2. Yueban (Lesser) Huns, strongly influenced by Sogd culture; Lesser Huns
later produced White (White = southern) Huns, “Persian” and “Indian” Huns
3. Syanbi Huns, mixed tribes in Khalka and Chakhar; they were an ethnic substrate from
which later developed Türkic-speaking and Mongolic-speaking tribes of Early Middle Ages
(ca 600,000 Huns, with numerically much smaller Mongol tribes; those Mongols were already
heavily Türko-Mongol mix).
4. Chinese Huns, in a process of assimilation which only ended by 5th c. AD (eyeball
estimate 100-200,000 people)) |
| 216 |
End of HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 216 A.D
Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west, Caspian
Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir) |
| 216 |
End of WESTERN HUN EMPIRE
48 - 216 A.D
Founder – Panu
Area - area over present Central Asia |
| 216 |
Western Hun Empire separates into 5 successor states (215-290). Center of gravity of
southern Hunnic tribes moves westward to Central (Middle) Asia, later known as Chionites,
White Huns (White = southern), Ephtalites, Alchons, Huna and Huns, Hailandurs
Tele (Gaogyuys) |
| 260 |
In 260's Caucasian Huns served in Persian army of Sasanid Shapur I (241-272) |
| 266 |
Unification of China. Hun rebellion is suppressed |
| 275 |
EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE 275 – 454
A.D
Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars of Dulo clan
(Dulo = Tele)
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C
Germany. From E France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area - 4,000,000
Km2) |
 |
| 309 |
Reign of Shapur II (309 - 379) |
| 350 |
Chionites occupied Sogdiana |
| 350 |
War (350-359) between Chionites and Sasanids (Harmatta) |
| 355 |
Hephthalites established their state in Bactria (Mitchiner) |
| 358 |
Kidara conquered Kabul and Gandhara (Ghirshman) |
| 359 |
Chionite King Grumbat took part in siege of Amida as federati of Persian Shah Shapur II |
| 361 |
Hephthalites with Sasanid army in siege of Edessa (Altheim); there is another date 384 (Gumilev) |
| 366 |
ca 366/376 Hephthalites founded their state (Enoki) |
| 367 |
Second war (367-370) between Chionites and Sasanids (Harmatta) |
| 375 |
Chionites conquered Bactria ña 375 (Grenet) |
| 375 |
Third war (375/376-377) between Chionites and Sasanids (Harmatta) |
| 379 |
Reign of Ardashir II (379-383) |
| 384 |
Hephthalites with Sasanid army in siege of Edessa (Gumilev) |
| 383 |
Reign of Shapur III (383-388) |
| 388 |
Reign of Warahran (Bahran) IV (388-399) |
| 399 |
Reign of Yazdegerd I (399-420) |
| 410 |
Jujan Khan Shelun Deuday died (-410), his brother Khulyuy (410-414) becomes Khan |
| 410 |
Jujan Khan Shelun Deuday unlimitedly controlled steppes from Khingan to Altai. Tele
were subjugated. Central Asian Huns, after winning battle at river Ili, recognized
suzerainty of Jujans and bought peace by submissiveness. Tribes unwilling to accept Jujan
rule migrate westward to Aral, Volga, Sogdiana |
| 414 |
Reign of Kumaragupta (414-455) |
| 417 |
Appearance of Kidarites on border of Persia |
| 418 |
Existence of Kidarite state (418-468) (Gumilev); 390 - 450 - (Lukonin);
ñ 385-440 (Gobi); 420-467 in Bactria and till 477 in Gandhara - (Grenet) |
| 420 |
WHITE HUN (EPHTHALITE) EMPIRE
420 - 552 A.D
Founder
- Aksuvar (Aksungur)
Area
- Half of Northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan, Eastern Turkestan
but also significant parts of Central Asia (Tokharistan, Chaganian,
Samarkand, Bukhara, Kesh, Ferghana, Chach (Total Area - 3,500,000 Km2) |
 |
| 420 |
Muhammad ibn Najib Bakran (13th c. AD),
author of “Jakhan-name”: Karluks resettled in region of Zabulistan (Kabul) and Ghazni, were
later identified as Khalach V. Minorsky supposes that the Karluks were called
Khalach because of the similar writing of their names in Arabic. For
the first time Karluks appeared on historical arena in Tokharistan, as a part of Hephthalites in Badakhshan .Bactrian coin legend was
restored as “xalasgano“ or “xalassano“, which could be coins of the Khalachs |
| 420 |
Al-Khorezmi: “Al-Hayātila (Hephthalite) are a tribal group (ğīl min
al-nās) who were formerly powerful and ruled over Tuxaristan; the Xalağ (Khalach) and
Kanğīna Türks are remnants of them”. Kanğīna was one of Saka tribes, which later became
part of the Hephthalites. Ptolomey also mentioned the Saka tribe Kōmēdoi. Like Huns and Uigurs, Karluks/Khalach speak Ogur family language |
| 420 |
Reign of Warahran (BahrQn Gor) V (420-438) |
| 422 |
Byzantine peace treaty with Persia |
| 427 |
Battle between Warahran V and "Türks" in Kushmeikhan (Kishman-tepe in East
Turkmenistan). Victory of Sasanids |
| 430 |
Kidarites conquered Gandhara and "Five kingdom" (ña 430) (Grenet) |
| 439 |
Reign of Khingila. According to Gobi he ruled in 430/440-ca. 490 |
| 437 |
Chinese embassy to Tokharistan and Gandhara |
| 438 |
Reign of Yazdegerd II (438-457) |
| 439 |
In 439 Tobases had victory over Eastern Huns and joined Chesi to Wei Empire, Khan
Ashina with 500 families fled to Syanbinian Jujanes and settled south of
Altai mountains and produce iron for Syanbinian Jujanes. Flight of Ashina clan to Altai
Mountains |
| 440 |
Kidarites conquered Sogdiana (ña 440's) . Kidara imitated crown of Yazdegerd II on his coins
(Grenet) |
| 442 |
Military campaign (442 - 449) of Yazdegerd II against Chionites (or Kidarites according to
Grenet) |
| 450 |
Second military campaign (450-451) of Yazdegerd II against Chionites |
| 453 |
Third military campaign (453/454) of Yazdegerd II against Chionites. Sasanids were defeated |
| 454 |
End of EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
275 - 454 A.D
Founder - brothers
Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area
- S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C Germany. From E France to Urals; from N Hungary
to Byzantine Empire (Area - 4,000,000 Km2) |
| 454 |
Coalition of Germanic clans defeats and kills Ellak (453-454) in battle
at Nedao. Sabirs
without Ellak retreat to East, through Pontic Steppes, to Daghestan.
Kutriguri (Western Wing Köturgur) and Utiguri (Otragur Center Wing) under Bel-Kermek (Hernach,
Ernak, Irnik) fell back to Atel-kuzu (Sl. 'Ugol')
place that corresponds to Bessarabia
Bela(k) escapes to Kushans (I.e.
Ephtalites; Bela(k) = Bel-Kermek/Hernach/Ernak? ) Bel-Kermek and Ephtalites are related?) |
| 455 |
Hephthalites started war in south directions. Collisions with Guptas (Bailey); 465 - (Dani) |
| 455 |
Reign of Skandagupta (455-467/68) |
| 456 |
first embassy of Hephthalites to China (to Wei court) |
| 457 |
Reign of Hormizd III (457-459) |
| 457 |
Peroz (Firuz) started fight for throne with his brother Hormizd III. Peroz
requested Hephthalite
ruler for help |
| 459 |
Peroz received Sasanid throne due to Hephthalite troop |
| 464 |
Peroz fought against Kidarites (464-468) |
| 465 |
Hephthalites conquered Gandhara (465-470) |
| 465 |
Ağaçeris (Akatsirs,
Türk. agach-ers ‘forest people’) crossed Caucasus and invaded Media. Ağaçeris are included in
Five Ogur
(Beshgur?) confederation which also included Karluk, Kangly (Kangar, Ch. 康居
Kangju, Kangüy), Kalach (aka Halach, Alach, Alachin, Alats, Ch. Boma 駁馬 / 驳马 and
Boma-Di 駁馬氐, both “Skewbald“) and Kipchak (Ch. 欽察 Kin-cha, with element 欠 qiàn =
lack ) nations.
In Eastern Europe, first mentioning of Karluks predates their first mentioning by Chinese
(644 AD) by two centuries. |
| 467 |
Enoki suggests that Sogd was conquered by Hephthalites between AD 467-473 and 480,
because last recorded embassy from Sogd to China occurred in AD 479 |
| 468 |
Sasanids besieged capital of Kidarites - Balaam |
| 470 |
War (470-480) between Hephthalites and Gupta Empire of India |
| 473 |
Hephthalites conquered Sogdiana, driving Kidarites westwards. Next conquering Khotan and Kashgar |
| 474 |
First war of Peroz against Hephthalites (474/475) |
| 476 |
Second war (476/477) of Peroz against Hephthalites. Peroz paid a ransom (30 mules loaded
with silver coins) |
| 477 |
Hephthalites seized Gandhara (Enoki) |
| 484 |
Third war of Peroz against Hephthalites. Death of Peroz in battle |
| 484 |
Reign of Balash (484-488) |
| 485 |
Reign of Toramana (ña 485/90-515) |
| 488 |
Reign of Kavad with break in 496-499 (488-531) |
| 492 |
Copper scroll inscription from northern Afghanistan with names of
Khingila, Toramana, Mehama,
Javukha (492/493) |
| 497 |
Hephthalites extended their power north-east to Turfan and Karashar (497-509) (Enoki) |
| 496 |
Coup d'etat against Kavad. He escaped to Hephthalites |
| 499 |
Kavad could return Sasanid throne with Hephthalite aid |
| 502 |
Kavad had a successful war (502-506) against Byzantium |
| 507 |
Hephthalite embassy to China (to Toba Wei court) |
| 503 |
Kavad makes war (503-513) on Hephthalites. Peace in 513 |
| 509 |
Hephthalites conquered Sogdiana; Hephthalite embassy to China (to Toba Wei court) |
| 510 |
Hephthalites (Alchons) defeated in India by Aulikaras around Mandsaur |
| 511 |
Hephthalite embassies to China (to Toba Wei court) (511-513) |
| 515 |
Reign of Mihirakula (515-528/42) |
| 516 |
Hephthalite embassies to China (to Liang court) (516-520) |
| 517 |
Hephthalite embassies to China (to Toba Wei court) (517-519) |
| 520 | Sung
Yun watched Hephthalite ruler |
| 520 |
Revolts in Jujan (Rouran) state (520-521) |
| 521 |
Three sisters (or daughters) of Jujan (Rouran) ruler Brahman (Po-lo-men) became
wives of Hephthalite
ruler |
| 524 |
Hephthalite embassy to China (to Toba Wei court) |
| 526 |
Hephthalite embassy to China (to Liang court) |
| 528 |
Mihirakula defeated and captured by ruler of Mandsaur Yashodharman |
| 530 |
Hephthalite embassies to China (to Toba Wei court) (530-531) |
| 531 |
Reign of Khusrow I Anushirvan (531-579) |
| 532 |
Revolts in India. Hephthalites their position in North-West India |
| 540 |
Death of Mihirakula |
| 546 |
Hephthalite embassy to China (to Zhou court) |
| 551 |
Founding of Türkic Kaganate |
| 551 |
Reign of Bumin (551-552) |
| 552 |
Türks overthrow Avars |
| 552 |
GOKTÜRK KaganATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area
- From Black Sea across Asia along northern borders of Mongolia and China
almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total
Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 553 |
Jujan (Rouran) state was completely demolished by Türks. Jujan (Rouran) ruler
A-na-kui killed himself |
| 553 |
Hephthalite embassy to China (to Zhou court) |
| 553 |
Reign of Mukhan Kagan (553-572) |
| 555 |
First military collision of Hephthalites and Türks (Grignaschi) |
| 555 |
Jinagupta, a Buddhist monk of Gandharan origin went through Hephthalite lands |
| 558 |
Türkic coins with Türkic inscriptions 'Kagan' and 'Yabgu'
are minted in Sogd, Chach and Fergana. Terminated by Arab conquest of
Mawaranahr and consequent introduction of new kinds of coins, issue of Türkic coins in
jeti-su
continues into 9th to 10th centuries |
| 558 |
Hephthalite embassy to China (to Zhou court) |
| 560 |
Türkic embassy was killed by Hephthalites |
| 560 |
Revolt of Abrui in Bukhara (ña 560's) |
| 562 |
Peace
between Byzantium and Iran |
| 563 |
Türks defeated Hephthalites in Karshi battle. Hephthalite ruler Gatfar dyed in battle. Some
researchers think that it is happened in 557 or 558 (ña 563/65) |
| 563 |
Türkic
armies, supported by Khosrov, attack on Balkh, invade Ephthalite lands south of
Amudarya. Per 'Shah-Name', decisive battle near Bukhara. Ephthalite army of
King Gatifar is crushed |
| 563 |
In 563-567 Persians run successful
military actions against Ephtalites, to about same time belongs defeat by Khosrow
Anushirvan of Savir
tribes residing in S.Caucasus. Savirs lived in
the plains N. and S. of Derbend, Southern Savirs lived next to or intersperced with
Masguts (Alans) |
| 565 |
Goktürkic Kagan Mugan Kagan and Istemi Yabgu defeat
Ephtilites at Neseph. Considered fall year of Ephtilite state. Ephtilites
traces lost in history |
| 565 |
Hephthalite territory divided between Iran and Goktürk Kaganate. Border between them ran west of Balkh and east of Murgab |
| 568 |
Türkic embassy arrived in Constantinople. Information from ambassador
that Hephthalite state
was conquered |
| 569 |
Byzantine embassy of Zemarhos to Türkic Kaganate |
| 569 |
War between Sasanids and Türks |
| 569 |
Turgeshes
invade and conquer
Sirs. Sirs=Ch. Se and So, original tribe of Ashina Türks |
| 570 |
Hephthalite rule overthrown in India (ña 570) . |
| 571 |
Peace
between Türks and Sasanids |
| 574 |
Embassy from Khotan to Bey-Chjou |
| 582 |
Goktürkic Kaganate officially breaks up into Western and
Eastern Kaganates. Khwarezm (lower part of Amu Darya R., S. of Aral Sea) and
Sugd/Sogdiana (Zerafshan and Kashka Darya R., including area around
Samarkand) likely autonomous kingdoms to become independent in next century
with Tang defeat of Goktürks |
| 588 |
War (588/589) between Türks and Sasanids. Bahram Chubin could defeat
Türkic army in Herat
battle |
| 600 |
Chinese T'ang-shu (7th century) lists Karluks as of Ko-lo-lu with meaning of Karlik (snow
piles), of Türkish origin, constituting one of branches of Goktürk Kaganate.
They resided in regions of Black-Irtish and Tarbagatai west of Altai
Mountains. On-ok (ten-arrow) Karluks survived in a Üç-Karluk (Three-Karluk)
union composed of three tribes. Karluks played an important role in expansion
of Türkish domination towards north of Caspian Sea and Transoxania in very
early period of Istemi |
| 616 |
Sasanid military leader Smbat Bagratuni made two campaigns against right bank Tokharistan where
he defeated "Kushan" king (616/17) |
| 622 |
The
Hijra. Start of Islam as a world event |
| 625 | Rule of Mihirakula dynasty in Kashmir and Gandhara
ended. In Kashmir it was replaced by Karkota dynasty, and in Gandhara by Turki Shahi
dynasty (Harmatta) |
| 630 |
Karluks rebel, Tung Yabgu (23) dies, W. Goktürk Kaganate
split, SW and NE. SW run by Nushibis, under Irbis Bolun Yabgu (31) (631-631),
installed by Nishu Khan Shad (32), son of Baga Shad (24). NE run by Tele
(Dulu), under Sibir Khan Yabgu (14) (630-631). |
| 632 |
Reign
of Yezdegerd III (632 - 651) |
| 635 |
Yshbara Tolis-shad Yabgu reorganizes W. Kaganate into 10-arrow Türks, of 5 Nushibi and 5 Tele (Dulu)
tribal leaders, recognizing them as Shads (blood prince) |
| 635 |
5 Tele (Dulu)
tribes that did not receive
autonomy were Karluks, Yagma (YanNyan), Kipchaks, Basmals, and Huns (Dulu)
tribes Chue, Chumi and Shato |
| 642 |
Chinese defeat
Karluks in area north of Turfan (in 650) and subdue them to province of
P'ei-ting (region in north of Tien Shan Mountains) |
| 644 |
First Chinese reference to the Karluks labels them with a
Manichaean attribute: Lion Karluks (Shi-Gelolu, shi stands for Sogd.
“shir“ = “lion“).
The “lion“ (Tr. “arslan“) Karluks persisted up to the time of the Mongols.
Karluks are a branch of Uigurs, members of Tele Tokuz-Oguz (Uigur) tribal union |
|
650 |
Chinese
T'ang-shu: Defeated Karluks maintain autonomy, each
tribe is governed by its own chief. Karluks are independent of either
Western or Eastern Goktürk Kaganates under Chinese influence. Üç-Karluk
bey with former title Kül-Erkin was titled “Yangu“ (prince)
towards the year of 665 and had a powerful army |
| 651 |
Khingal dynasty was usurped by Türks (ña 651) |
| 656 |
Advance of
Chinese inperians against W Türkic Kaganate. Rebelion of Baiyrku, Sige,
Bugu and Tonra against Empire Tan. Sogdiana (Chinese “K'ang-chu“)
occupied by Chinese (657-700) |
| 651 |
Yezdegerd III in Merv. Battle with Nezak Tarkhan. Death of Yazdegerd
III in vicinity of Merv. End
of Sasanid dynasty |
| 675 |
One branch of Khalaches established their rule in Kabul and Zabulistan in
later half of 7th c. AD, and continued to rule there until 9th c. AD |
| 700 |
End of Chinese occupation of Sogdiana (Chinese “K'ang-chu“) |
| 701 |
Siege of Termez by Türks, Tibetans, and Hephthalites (701-703) |
| 704 |
Ashina Khayn subjugated Jeti-su for Tang Empire. Shato subdued without fight. Subjugated Western
Türks and subdued Karluks, Huvu and Shunishes |
| 709 |
Nezak was killed by Qutaiba ibn Muslim |
|
710 |
Karluks are
subdued by Kapagan Kagan to domination of 2nd Gok-Türk Kaganate |
|
710 |
Karluks rebel
against Gok-Türk Kaganate with Chinese encouragement and provocation and
involved in severe struggles |
|
712 |
Chinese Emperor appoints Mohedo Tutuk as ruler of Samakand |
| 716 |
Luchen is taken
from Kidanes. Turgeshes rebel against Empire and defeat Chinese and
Karluks“ |
| 729 |
Embassy to China from "Hephthalites" (according to Chavannes here we should see
Yabgu of Tokharistan who, after death of his vassal Nezak in AD 710, added to his title another one - King of Hephthalites |
|
741 |
After death of Tengri Kagan (Bilge Kutlug Khan (66) (734-741)),
Karluks, together with Uigurs and Basmils, revolt and dismember W. Goktürk Kaganate |
|
741 |
UYGUR KAGANATE
740 - 1335 A.D
Founder - Kutlug
Bilgekul Khan
Area
- Central Asia and Northern Mongolia“ |
| 742 |
Basmils
established superior domination of Goktürk Kaganate (742), Karluk leader was titled “Sağ Yangu“ (Right
Prince). Founder of Uigur Kaganate Kutlug Kül Bilge gave him higher
ranking title “Sol Yabgu“ (Left Prince) |
| 742 |
Another Karluk
group living around Beş-balik separately elected Ton-Bilge Yabgu.
Both Karluk Yabgus recognized suzerainty of newly founded in Ötüken
Uigur Kaganate over all Karluks |
|
743 |
End of GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin
Khan (Tumen)
Area
- inacessible valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area -
18,000,000 Km 2)“ |
| 748 | Same. Embassy to China from "Hephthalites" (according to Chavannes here we should see
Yabgu of Tokharistan who, after death of his vassal Nezak in AD 710, added to his title another one - King of Hephthalites |
