| DATELINE |
| Time |
Events |
| 300 |
Bolgars and Khazars are blood relatives, with a common or similar language. |
| 370 |
Huns control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join Huns. |
| 372 |
Don Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe |
| 370 |
term 'Bolgar' comes from Turkic 'bulgha' = 'to mix'. These nomadic horsemen groups were mainly composed of As - Ossetians, Eastern Antes -
Iranian-Slavic blend, Khazars - a mixed Turkic group, and a people known as Sarmatians, an Iranian group. |
| 400 |
Arab and Pers authors mention town Varachan (Belenjer), capital of Hun state, Sulak valley near Upper Chir-Ürt in Daghestan. Later authors
refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars. Arab and Pers authors mention town Varachan (Belenjer), capital of Hun state, Sulak valley near
Upper Chir-Ürt in Daghestan. Later authors refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars. |
| 400 |
Ancestors of Khazars among Huns called selves Basils (Bas, head; il/el, people--ruling people) |
| 434 |
Sidonius Apollinaris: ca. 434 Khazars are Attila's tributary, followed banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the Catalanian fields
in company with the Black Huns and Alans |
| 451 |
Sidonius Apollinaris: Khazars follow banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the Catalanian fields in company with the Black Huns and Alans. |
| 488 |
Khazarian khalifa begins rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus |
| 531 |
Khazarian khalifa loses rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus to Persian Sasanid Chosroes I (531-578) |
| 552 |
GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along
northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 560 |
Avar Khaganate extended from Itil to mouth of Danube.
Bolgars are split, with Kuturgur Huns (also listed are Onogundurs (10 Ogur Confederation), Hunnogurs, Sabirs belonging to Avar Khaganate, and
Utugur Huns (30 Ogur) and Khazars loyal to W. Khaganate |
| 565 |
After defeat of their forces by Avars, Khazars took lead in Sabir-Khazar federation. Part of Sabirs move north, to Middle Itil region,
settling among Bulgarian tribes. Later, their main city Suvar is a great center of Itil Bolgaria |
| 566 |
Between 566 and 571 Istemi Djabgu subjugated peoples Bandjar, Balandjar (Belendjer) and Khazar. Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur = Utigur
Bolgars. Khazar influence increased as Khazars became Turks closest allies and assistants |
| 570 |
Khazars are ruled by Western Khaganate (570-659) |
| 576 |
Turks establish Khazar Khanate. |
| 582 |
582 - 602 Rule of ByzantineEmperor Maurice. First mention of Khazars in Byzantian annals, along with Bolgars and Barsils. Noted their coming
from Bersilia, supposedly in Caspian steppe |
| 589 |
W. Khaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bolgars.
Both Khazars and Bolgars are confederated (jointed voluntarily, not as conquered) into W. Khaganate. |
| 589 |
W. Khaganate's Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth.
Bolgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured wealth. |
| 589 |
Invasion of Khazars, Greeks and Georgians to Agvania is repelled by Persians |
| 626 |
(Onogur?) Bolgars live in Fore-Caucasus on right bank of Kuban' to Don
Different fr Khazars
Rival to Khazars |
| 626 |
Avars controlled all Kuturgur Hun lands
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars did not participate in Khazars' war raids into Caucasus
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars guarded western border of Western Kaganate
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars are allied with Tele (Dulu). |
| 626 |
W. Khaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bolgars. |
| 626 |
Khazars and (Onogur?) Bolgars confederated (voluntarily, not conquered) into W. Khaganate.
Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth.
Bolgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured wealth. |
| 626 |
Khazars ally with Byzantine under Emperor Heraclius (626-630) |
| 628 |
Khazars capture Tbilisi |
| 630 |
End of rule of Khazars by Western Khaganate |
| 635 |
Kubrat escaped dominance of Turks and Khazars, by supporting Sibir-Khan in 630.
He became independent, defeated Avars.
Controlled near- Black Sea steppes |
| 635 |
Kubrat sent embassy to Constantinople and received title of Patrician.
Kubrat's Bolgaria joins Byzantium as Federatae.
Byzantium becomes a bordering state with Khazaria of W. Khaganate, controlling former Khazar territories. |
| 636 |
Bolgaria hostile with Khazars of W. Khaganate on East, with Avars on West, with Byzantium on South. |
| 642 |
First Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman |
| 650 |
Irbis becomes first Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate (650?-….). |
| 651 |
With loss of W.Khaganate rule, former confedrate Khazaria with attached Bolgar Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs and Itil Bolgars gain independence.
Khazars keep Khagan from dynasty Ashina. |
| 651 |
Defeat of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in Euthrates battle. |
| 652 |
End of first Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman |
| 655 |
Gumilev: Khazars cooperate with Iranian speaking Alans. |
| 656 |
Murder of Osman. Civil war in Khalifate. Founded Khazarian state |
| 660 |
Post-Kubrat 8 year period (643-650) after which Khazars overrun Bulgar homelands. |
| 660 |
Kubrat's 1st son Bayan (Batbayan) remains in Grat Bolgaria confederated with Khazars |
| 660 |
Agvanian Djevanshir defeats Khazars |
| 662 |
Arabs fight Khazars for Derbent |
| 667 |
150K Kumans, Turkmens, Kuk-Oguses and Kyrgises confederated as Khazars cross Idel.
Shambat and Asparukh battle Khazars, loose and flee to Bashtu, present Kiev. |
| 668 |
Peace treaty between Khazars' Khagan Kaban and Kara Bulgar's Baltavar Bat-Boyan.
Kara Bulgar is subordnated to Khazar. |
| 670 |
Bat-Boyan Kubrat Bolgars are defeated by Khazars.
Khazars recover territory with east Bolgar (Utugur) and Alan populations. |
| 670 |
Khazars under Alp-Ilitver defeat Bulgars |
| 679 |
Kubrat's Bolgaria is split into independent (Byzantium Federatae) west Khanaate under Asparukh, controlling from Donets on East to Danube on
West, and Eastern Ak Bulgar Yorty, subject to Khazar Khagan from Itil to Donets, with capital Phanagoria. |
| 680 |
The empire of the Avars peaked at the end of the 7th century (680 AD), after devision of Kubrat Bulgaria between Avars and Khazars, when it
reached from the Volga to the Danube. The empire of the Avars peaked at the end of the 7th century (680 AD), after devision of Kubrat
Bulgaria between Avars and Khazars, when it reached from the Volga to the Danube. |
| 682 |
Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes "Kingdom of Huns" (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of
Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars. Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes
"Kingdom of Huns" (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur =
Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars. |
| 683 |
Khazar raid to Armenia |
| 684 |
Khazar raid to Cis-Causasus |
| 700 |
Khazars are frequently allied with Huns of North Caucasus.
Alp, Elteber of Huns of North Caucasus, is a vassal of Khazars.
Huns capital city is Varachan (late 10 c). |
| 700 |
700-750 Khazars at their peak |
| 703 |
Busir (Ibousir-Glavan) becomes Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate (703?-….). |
| 703 |
Khazar royal princess ….. marries Byzantine emperor Justinian II to become Empress Theodora. |
| 711 |
Khazars help to install Phillipicus as an Byzantine Emperor. Khazars help to install Phillipicus as an Byzantine Emperor. |
| 714 |
Khazars loose Derbent to Arabs |
| 718 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Khazars invade Azerbaijan. |
| 722 |
Second Khazar - Arab war (722-737)
First campaign of Arabian troops led by J. Jirrah in Northern Caucasus against Alans and Khazars |
| 723 |
Khazars lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar |
| 723 |
723-944 Start of massive Jewish emigration to Khazaria |
| 727 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Muslam's raid against Khazars |
| 730 |
Khazar's Barjik leads 300K army to raid Azerbaijan (Albania?).
At Arbadil, Khazars defeat entire Arab army. |
| 732 |
Khazar princess Chichek marries Byzantine emperror Constantine V to become Empress Irene. |
| 737 |
Arabs force conversion to Islam. …... becomes first Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam for political reasons (703?-….). |
| 737 |
Khazars loose Samandar to Arabs, move capital to Itil. |
| 743 |
End of GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along
northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 743 |
Civilization created by Great Türkic Kaganate was carried on by, many peoples: Kypchaks, Kimaks, Uigurs, Bechens, Oguzes, Karluks, Kyrgyzes,
Türgeshes, Khazars, Bulgars and others who inherited it after destruction of Kaganate |
| 747 |
Khan Marduan of Daghestani Bulgars, Burjans, build a small wooden city, named city Marduan. Khazars called it Mardukan. Present Bulgar
(Great Bulgar) |
| 750 |
700-750 Khazars at their peak |
| 760 |
Khazar Khagan Boghatur (760?-…) |
| 762 |
Khazars, led by As Tarkhan, re-conquer S.Caucasia |
| 762 |
Khazarian invasion into Sis-Caucasia.
764 Khazars take Tbilisi |
| 772 |
War between Greeks and Bulgars. Khazaria unites with Alania |
| 775 |
Leo IV "Khazar" emperor of Byzantine Empire (775-780) |
| 780 |
Leo II, greatson of Khazar Kagan, ruler of Abkhazia. (780-….) |
| 786 |
Khazars help Abkhazia to free from Byzantine and Abkhazia becomes Khazarian dependency. |
| 817 |
Inhabitants of Samandar revolt against attempts by Khazar Khagan Karak introduce Judaism |
| 820 |
Khazars found Sambata (sam = high, bat = stronghold) and Kiev ( kui = low, ev = settlement), settled by Khazars and Magyars. |
| 830 |
Khazar Khagan Xan-Tuvan (Dyggvi) (830?-…) |
| 830 |
Construction of Sarkel fortress by Khazars with Byzantium's help |
| 833 |
Fortress Sarkel is built by Khazars and Byzantines. |
| 842 |
Muhamad ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi works in Khazarian Kagan's palace, sent there by Caliph Al-Wathiq. |
| 859 |
Shilki lost battle to Khazar Kagan Iskhak at Baltavar (Poltava) |
| 859 |
Kara Bulgar lost Bashtu (Kiev) and Urus (Novgorod) uluses to Khazars.
Khazars oganize them as ulus Rus.
Khagan Iskhak appoints Norman leader Dir (Bulg Djir) of Slavic militia in Bashtu a ruler of Rus and Norman Ascold (Bulg As-Khalib) a Viceregent
of Rus |
| 861 |
Religious debate in Khazar court (Khazarian Polemic) between Cyril and Methodius, Rabbi Yitzhak Ha Sangari, and Muslem cleric Farabi Ibn
Kora. |
| 861 |
Khazar Bulan Bek, nobility and some common people convert to Judaism. |
| 862 |
Chronist Nestor gives 862 as year of creation of Rus.
Ruses are rulers of Slavs. Ruses live in military settlements and "feed" by spoils, a part of which was rendered to Jewish Khazars.
Slavs are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. |
| 875 |
Khazars built a glass factory in Hrodna (present Belarus) |
| 889 |
After 889. Besenyos break through Khazarian border guards and replace Magyars from Levedia |
| 890 |
Allied with Khazars Oguzes harassed Bechens, who at the end of 9-10 cc hurriedly proceeded to the west. Bechens' migration was accompanied
by plundering and fires. Bechens stopped in Dnepro-Don interfluvial. Second branch of Bechens stopped in foothills of N.Caucasus |
| 894 |
Magyar Prince Levente leads Khazar Kabars against Bolgaria |
| 895 |
Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power |
| 895 |
Some Khazar Kabars settle in Transilvania/Hungary with Magyars. |
| 902 |
Varangian Rus mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries. Varangian Rus
mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries. |
| 904 |
Oleg, Prince of Kiev (882-916 ), remains a vassal of Avar Khaganate, divided between Bulgarian principalities.(In 859 to Khazars??) |
| 909 |
With Varyag allies Rus drujina captures Khazar fort Abezgun on Caspian With Varyag allies Rus drujina captures Khazar fort Abezgun on
Caspian |
| 913 |
Khazars demolish Russian marauding expedition fleet |
| 920 |
Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oghuz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bolgars. |
| 920 |
Itil Bolgar Baltavar (Elteber) Almush (Almas) allies with Califate as counterbalance to Khazars.
Beginnng of minting Itil Bolgar money - dirkhem |
| 930 |
Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage |
| 932 |
Khazars ally with Oghuzes. |
| 939 |
Khazar Baliqchi Pesakh defeats Ruses |
| 944 |
723-944 End of massive Jewish emigration to Khazaria |
| 950 |
Magyars living in Lebedia are vassals of Khazars. |
| 950 |
By the middle of 10th c. Bechens occupied large territory from Itil to Danube. Bechens played significant role in life of neighboring
peoples. Bechens helped in demise of Khazar Kaganate. Byzantium maneuvered to collide Bechens with Rus. Bechens attacked Rus in 915, 920 and 968 |
| 960 |
…... becomes second Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam (960?-….). |
| 964 |
Kengeres seriously threaten Khazaria |
| 964 |
Byzantine Chersonesus governor (strategos) asks Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) for aid against Khazars. Svyatoslav campaign to Don.
Enroute he attacks Volga Bolgars, raids Belya Vesh, Itil and Sarkel and Tmutorakhan, also captures Chersonesus (Itil=Atil, Sarkel=Belya Vesh) |
| 964 |
Itil Bulgar Khan Mohamed's Vizier Talib signs a treaty with Rus Knyaz Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) promising to relinquish Djir, Kan
and western part of Kortjak ulus ( Russ. Moscow, Vladimir and Ivanov provinces) in exchange for attack on Khazars and anual tribute |
| 965 |
Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies with Oghuz (Torks).
Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in Taman-Kuban area.
Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies with Oghuz (Torks).
Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in Taman-Kuban area. |
| 965 |
Itil Bolgars gain independence after defeat of Khazars. Itil Bolgars gain independence after defeat of Khazars. |
| 967 |
Knyaz Svyatoslav of Kiev seizes Khazar capital Itil |
| 969 |
Khazaria, broken by Svyatoslav (called Barys by Bulgars), is divided between Itil Bulgaria and N. Caucasus Saklans. |
| 969 |
Northern inflow of silver dirhams from Bulgaria and Khazaria stops |
| 972 |
8 Besenyo tribes (Russ. Pecheneg), under Khan Kura, of Kipchak stock with Oguz element, freed of Khazar dominance, defeat Rus prince
Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) and make a drinking cup of his scull. Besenyo's continuous figts with Khazars, Byzantines and Russians. |
| 986 |
Khazars present Judaism to Knyaz Vladimir of Kiev, Itil Bolgars present Islam. |
| 1000 |
Khazars in Kievan Rus are Slavicized and adopt East Slavic language(1000-1300). |
| 1016 |
Last Khazar Khagan Georgius Tzul is cuptured by combined army of Byzantine Basil II and Sfengus, brother of Kiev's Grand Prince Vladimir.
Khazaria loses last independence and territories of Crimea and Taman. |
| 1035 |
Established fort Khazar (Voronej) |
| 1050 |
Before 800, Alans or Asses lived, together with Besenyos, around lower reaches of the Amu-darya (Uzboy) flowing into Caspian Sea, and later,
after river changed its course, they migrated to coast of Sea of the Khazars |
| 1096 |
Per Rabbi Nissim, seventeen Khazarian communities join nomads (Kengeres, Bolgars, Oguses) |
| 1206 |
Khazar Jews are reported to use a form of Cyrillic script. |
| 1222 |
Kotyan Khan's Cumans, Bulgars, Khazars and Alans in first fight with Mongol-Tatars, accept promise not to harm them as speakers of the same
Kipchak dialect to withdraw, but are attacked and defeated. Capital of Alania Magas (Meget) is seized |
| 1242 |
End of Daghestani Khazar kingdom. |
| 1300 |
Descendants of Jewish Khazars in Eastern Europe adopt Yiddish language (1300-1500). |
| 1309 |
Hungarian Christian clergy edicts that Catholics cannot marry "Khazars". |
| 1349 |
Hungarian Jews, partly of Khazar origin, resettle in Poland and Austria. |
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| 488 |
488—531 Правление персидского шаха Кавада I |
| 515-516 |
Нападение гунно-савир на Армению. |
| 531 |
Конец правления персидского шаха Кавада I, шах Хосрой
Ануширван () |
| 540 |
Нападение савир на Закавказье. |
| 552 |
Образование Западнотюркского каганата во главе с каганом Тумынем; нападение савир-хазар на Албанию |
| 555 |
555-567 Борьба Тюркского каганата с эфталитами. |
| 562 |
Разгром савир-хазар Хосроем Ануширваном. |
| 567 |
Конец борьбы Тюркского каганата с эфталитами. |
| 567 |
567-571 Покорение Тюркским каганатом хазар и болгар. |
| 571 |
Хазары и болгары в Тюркском каганате |
| 576 |
Начало войны между Византией и Тюркским каганатом |
| 581 |
581-593 Междоусобица в Тюркском каганате. |
| 582 |
582—602 Правление византийского императора Маврикия. |
| 593 |
581-593 Междоусобица в Тюркском каганате. |
| 610 |
610—641 Правление византийского императора Ираклия. |
| 626 |
Заключение союза между Ираклием и каганом тюрок, вторжение тюркско-хазарских войск в Закавказье |
| 627 |
Осада Тбилиси тюрками и византийцами. |
| 628 |
Взятие Тбилиси и покорение Албании, |
| 630 |
630—634 Междоусобица в Тюркском каганате. |
| 632 |
Образование Великой Болгарии. |
| 650 |
650 (примерная дата) Образование Хазарского каганата |
| 652 |
Признание арабской власти Закавказскими странами |
| 653 |
653-654 Первый поход арабов в Хазарию, разгром арабского войска |
| 655 |
Захват хазарами части Крыма. |
| 657 |
657-659Гибель Западнотюркского каганата. |
| 660 |
660 (примерная дата) Перекочевка орды хана Аспаруха на Дунай. |
| 682 |
Посольство епископа Исраила из Албании к савирам. |
| 684 |
Нашествие хазар на Закавказье. |
| 695 |
Свержение с престола Юстиниана II и ссылка его в Херсон |
| 705 |
705-711 Правление византийского императора Юстиниана II |
| 711 |
Казнь Юстиниана II, набег хазар на Закавказье. |
| 713 |
Взятие арабским полководцем Масламой Дербента и вторжение его войск в глубь Хазарии. |
| 717 |
717—741 Правление византийского императора Льва Исавра. |
| 721 |
Поход Джерраха на Хазарию, взятие Беленджера. |
| 723 |
723—724 Походы Джерраха на алан. |
| 730 |
Принятие каганом Буланом иудейской религии. |
| 730 |
730-731 Набег хазар на Албанию, взятие Ардебиля, разгром арабского войска Джерраха. |
| 732 |
Брак Константина Копронима — византийского царевича — с сестрой кагана Чичак (Ириной). |
| 732 |
Поход Мервана на Дербент и Беленджер («гряз-> иый»). |
| 735 |
Поход Мервана в Хазарию, разгром хазарской армии. |
| 737 |
Принятие каганом мусульманской религии. |
| 740 |
740-775 Правление византийского императора Константина Копронима. |
| 786 |
786—809 Правление багдадского халифа Харун-ар-Рашида. |
| 787 |
787—791 Восстание Иоанна Готского в Крыму. |
| 799 |
799-809 Реформы кагана Обадия, официальное принятие иудейской религии. |
| 810 |
810-820 Восстание кабаров в каганате |
| 822 |
822—836 Вторжение венгров в Причерноморье. |
| 829 |
829-842 Правление византийского императора Феофила. |
| 834 |
Построение Саркела. |
| 860 |
860-862 Путешествие Константина (Кирилла) в Хазарию. |
| 883 |
883—885Присоединение древлян, северян и радимичей к Руси. |
| 889 |
Вторжение печенегов в южнорусские степи. |
| 890 |
Провозглашение Арпада князем венгров. |
| 894 |
Поход венгров на Дунай. |
| 895 |
Разгром венгров печенегами, уход венгров из Ателькузу |
| 909 |
Взятие русамп острова Абесгуна (на Каспийском море) |
| 912 |
912—961 Правление Абдаррахмана III. |
| 913 |
Нападение на хазар печенегов, гузов и асиев (алан) |
| 913 |
Поход Руси па Каспийское побережье. |
| 915 |
Первое появление печенегов на Руси и мир их с князем Игорем |
| 922 |
Путешествие Ибн-Фадлана на Волгу. |
| 932 |
Война хазар с аланами, победа хазар. |
| 943 |
943—944 Поход Руси на Берда. |
| 954 |
954—961 Переписка Хасдая Ибн-Шафрута с каганом Иосифом. |
| 965 |
Поход Святослава Игоревича на хазар, взятие Итиля и Саркела |
| 966 |
Присоединение к Руси вятичей. |
| 977 |
977-985 Покорение Итиля Хорезмом, обращение хазар в мусульманство |
| 981 |
981—982 Поход князя Владимира Святославича на вятичей. |
| 985 |
Поход Владимира на Волжскую Болгарию и хазар. |
| 1079 |
Взятие в плен хазарами князя Олега Святославича Тмутараканского и отправление его в Византию |
| 1083 |
Возвращение Олега в Тмутаракань и расправа его с хазарами |
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| 515 |
515-516 Hunno-Savirs attack Armenia |
| 531 |
End of reign of Sassanid Persian Shakh Kobad (Kavad) I, begining of Shakh Khusrau Anushirvan (531-579) |
| 540 |
Hunno-Savirs attack S.Caucasia |
| 552 |
Savir-Khazars attack Albania |
| 555 |
555-567 Struggle of Türkic Kaganate with White Huns (Abdaly, Ephtalites, Kushans) |
| 562 |
Defeat of Savir-Khazars by Khusrau Anushirvan |
| 567 |
End of Türkic Kaganate struggle with White Huns (Abdaly, Ephtalites, Kushans) |
| 567 |
567-571 Conquest by Türkic Kaganate of Khazars and Eastern Bulgars. Western (Kara) Bulgars remain in Avar Kaganate |
| 571 |
Khazars and Bulgars are confederated with Türkic Kaganate |
| 576 |
Beginning of war in Caucasus between Byzantium and Kaganate |
| 581 |
581-593 Civil strife in Türkic Kaganate |
| 582 |
Byzantian emperor Mauritius (582-602) |
| 610 |
Byzantian emperor Heraclius (610-641) |
| 626 |
Conclusion of alliance between Heraclius and W Türkic Kagan Tun-Yabgu-Kagan (618-630), intrusion of Türco-Khazarian armies into S.Caucasia |
| 627 |
Siedge of Tbilisi by Türks and Byzantines |
| 628 |
Capture of Tbilisi and conquest of Albania by Khazars |
| 630 |
630-634 Civil strife in Türkic Kaganate |
| 630 |
W Türkic Kagan Sibir-Khan (630-631) |
| 630 |
Bolgars/Barsils are incorporated into elite of W. Khaganate horde |
| 630 |
Great Bolgaria in N Pontic under Kurbat (630-660). W Türkic Kagan Bagadur Kiuliug Sibir-Khan (630-631) recognized independence of Bulgaria under
Kurbat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine line from Dulo clan. Khazars remain loyal to troubled W Türkic Kaganate |
| 650 |
Pletneva: 650 (provisional date) Formation of Khazarian Kaganate ? |
| 652 |
Conquest of and recognition by S.Caucasian countries of Arab Caliphate dominance |
| 653 |
653-654 Arab first campaign against Hunno-Savir state, defeat of Arab army |
| 655 |
Pletneva: Capture by Khazars of part of Crimea from Kurbat Bulgaria ? |
| 656 |
Campain of Chinese Empire Tan against W Türkic Khaganate. Sogdiana (Chinese "Kang-chu") occupied by Chinese (657-700). Resistance of Baiyrku,
Sige, Bugu and Tonra tribes against Chinese occupation |
| 657 |
657-659 Demise of W Türkic Kaganate |
| 659 |
W Türkic Kagan Yshbara Khan died. W Türkic Kaganate ceased to exist forever |
| 659 |
Unnamed members of W Türkic Kaganate royal Ashina clan move to western ulus E of Itil |
| 660 |
Pletneva: 660 (provisional date) Migration of Khan Asparuh horde to Danube ? |
| 682 |
Mission of Albania bishop Israil to Hunno-Savirs |
| 684 |
Invasion of Khazars to S.Caucasia |
| 695 |
Dethronement of Justinian II Cut-nose (685-695 d. 711) and his refuge in Kherson |
| 705 |
Byzantian emperor Justinian II Cut-nose (705-711 restored) |
| 711 |
Execution of Justinian II Cut-nose, Khazars attack of S.Caucasia |
| 713 |
Capture of Derbent by Arab commander Maslama and intrusion of his armies into depth of Khazaria |
| 717 |
Byzantian emperor Leo III from Isaurian mountains (717-741) with strong Türkic domestic and foreign orientation |
| 721 |
Arab commander Jerrah campaign to Khazaria, capture of Belendjer |
| 723 |
723-724 Arab commander Jerrah campaigns against Alans |
| 730 |
Acceptance of Judaism by Khazarian Kagan Bulan of Ashina dynasty |
| 730 |
730-731 Khazarian campaigns against Albania, capture of its capital Ardebil, defeat of Jerrah Arab army |
| 732 |
Leo III Isaur's son prince Constantin Copronim's (Constantine V, 741-775) dynastic marriage to sister of Khazarian Kagan Chichak (Empress Irina)
from Ashina clan |
| 732 |
Arab commander Mervan campaign to Derbent and Belendjer ("Muddy Campaign") |
| 735 |
Arab commander Mervan campaign to Khazaria, catastrophic defeat of Khazarian army |
| 737 |
Acceptance by Khazarian Kagan Bardjil of Islam as a condition of staying in power |
| 740 |
Byzantian emperor Constantine V (741-775), half Khazar and partially Türk on father's side |
| 786 |
Baghdad Caliph Harun-ar-Rashid (786-809) |
| 787 |
787-791 John the Goth revolt in Byzantian Crimea supported by Khazars |
| 799 |
799-809 Reforms of Khazarian Kagan Obadia, official acceptance of Judaism as a state religion with continued policy of religious tolerance |
| 810 |
810-820 Revolt of Tengrian Kabars in Khazarian Kaganate. Kabar clans eventually migrate to Pannonia, join Hungarians, and assimilate |
| 822 |
822-836 Intrusion of Hungarians into Black Sea Coast where? against whom? |
| 829 |
Byzantian emperor Theophilus (829-842) |
| 834 |
Byzantian mission to Khazaria purportedly for construction of fortress in Sarkel, but not doing it |
| 860 |
860-862 Kushtan (Constantine)-Baksan (baptized Cyril on his deathbed), brother of Bandja (baptized Methodius), travel to Khazaria |
| 883 |
883-885 Conquest of Acathyrs (Slav. Drevlyan, i.e Foresters), and switch of some Seber clans (Slav. Severyan) and Radimiches to Salahbi Yolyg (yolyg
means "divinator, prophet") (Slav. Oleg, aka Veschiy Oleg, i.e Oleg the Seer, 882-916) of incipient Kyiv Rus |
| 889 |
Intrusion of Badjanks (Besenyos), displaced by Oguses from Yaik steppes, into N.Pontic steppes |
| 890 |
Arbat (Arpad) Madjar of Dulo clan (ca 895-907), senior son of Bulgarian Kaan Almysh (895-925, baptized Djafar in 922) displaced chieftain Kurszán
of Magyars (Madjars) as Prince of Magyars, future Hungarians, and established Arpad dynasty. Kurszán is moved to sacral figurehead position of
the horde's tribal confederation. Hungarians escape Khazarian domination after 3-years stay in Lebedia in Khazarian territory, and moving
to Atelkuzy (future Bessarabia). Arbat (Arpad) Madjar must have been Bulgarian governor of N.Pontic ulus where Magyars led by chieftain Lebed
stayed for 3-years. |
| 894 |
Hungarian campaign to Danube |
| 895 |
Defeat of Hungarians by Badjanks (Besenyos), retreat of Hungarians to Atelkuzu (future Bessarabia) |
| 909 |
Capture by Ruses of Abesgun island in Caspian Sea |
| 912 |
Reign of Ummayad Caliph Abdarrahman III (912-961) |
| 913 |
Joined attack of Badjanks (Besenyos), Oguzes and Ases (Alans ) on Khazars |
| 913 |
Raid of Rus state pirates on Caspian Sea coastal population headed by Salahbi Yolyg (Slav. Oleg, aka Veschiy Oleg, i.e Oleg the Seer, 882-916) |
| 915 |
First encounter of Badjanks (Besenyos) with Rus and their peace with prince Ugyr Lachini (916-945, Slav. Igor the Old, son of Lachyn Dulo, aka
Rürik, 855-882) |
| 922 |
Travel of Ibn-Fadlan to Itil Bulgaria |
| 932 |
Khazar-Alan war ends with victory of Khazars. Alans remain in Khazarian sphere as autonomous state and multiple Alanian colonies along
Don-Severskiy Donets area |
| 943 |
943-944 Raid of Rus state pirates on Caspian Sea coastal population including a winter in captured city Berda |
| 954 |
954-961 Correspondence of Hasdai Ibn-Shafrut with Khazarian Kagan Joseph |
| 965 |
Campaign of Kyiv Prince Barys (945-972, Slav. Svyatoslav I, son of Ugyr-Igor) on Khazars, capture of Itil and Sarkel. In Russian historiography
this event is termed a dissolution of Khazar Kaganate and disappearance of its peoples |
| 966 |
Switch of Nukrat (Slav. Vyatka, from Bulgarian Batysh = western, i.e Western Kipchaks) province's Khazarian tribute obligations from Khazaria to
Kyiv Rus scored by Kyiv Prince Barys (945-972, Slav. Svyatoslav I) |
| 977 |
977-985 Khazars turn to Horesm for help, Horesm help comes conditioned by conversion of Khazars to Islam and with occupation of Khazaria's Itil
and some other cities by Horesmians |
| 981 |
981-982 Conquest campaign of prince Kyiv Prince Vladimir son of Barys (Svyatoslavich) against western (Slav. Vyatka, from Türk. Batysh = western)
Kipchak tribe |
| 985 |
Kyiv Prince Vladimir's raid against Itil Bulgaria and Khazaria |
| 1079 |
Khazars take prisoner Rus prince Oleg (Slav. Oleg Svyatoslavich) who was prince of captured city Tamiyatarkhan (Slav. Tmutarakan) ship him to
Byzantium |
| 1083 |
Rus prince Oleg returned to city Tamiyatarkhan (Slav. Tmutarakan) and retaliated to Khazars |
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| 683 |
683-685 Khazars invaded S.Caucasia and inflicted much damage and took much booty. Khazar invaders killed rulers of Armenia and Georgia |
| 730 |
Khazar commander Barjik led Khazar troops through the Darial Pass to invade Azerbaijan. At the Battle of Ardabil, the Khazars defeated an entire
Arab army. The Battle of Ardabil lasted three days, and resulted in the death of a major Arab general named Jarrah. The Khazars then conquered
Azerbaijan and Armenia and northern Iraq for a brief time |
| 737 |
Marwan, an Arab general, captured the Khazar khagan and forced him to pledge support to the Caliphate and convert to Islam |
| 861 |
Khazar kings converted to Judaism. A Jewish dynasty of kings presided over the Khazar kingdom until the 960s |
| 896 |
founding date of Hungary. Seven tribes of Magyars settled in the Carpathian Basin. Kingdom of Hungary was formed by seven Magyar and three Khazar
tribes |
| 939 |
Khazar baliqchi Pesakh defeated the Rus. According to an anonymous letter written by a Khazarian Jew in the 940s, the Rus prince Oleg captured the
Khazar-held city Tmutorokan one night. Pesakh, a prominent Khazar baliqchi (governor), learned of Oleg’s actions and conquered several Crimean
cities belonging to the Byzantines and also did away with many Rus. Oleg was badly defeated, and was forced to surrender to Governor-General
Pesakh. This was a major Khazar victory over the Rus |
| 965 |
Part of Khazaria was conquered by the Kievan Rus prince Svyatoslav |
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