ca 450 AD
ca 460 AD
ca 600 AD
ca 650 AD
| W Hun Empire ca 450 AD |
Bel Kermek
Bulgaria ca 460 AD |
Altyn Oba ca 600 AD |
Kurbat
Bulgaria ca 650 AD |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| DATELINE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Time | Events | |
| 440 | Atilla has a full control in N. Caucasus. Treaty with Persian Shakh Yazdagar | |
| 440 | Hephthalites (White Huns, later known in the West as Avars) move south from Altai region to occupy Transoxiana, Bactria, Khorasan, and eastern Persia | |
| 441 | Huns are again on Danube border, took Singidun (Belgrad) | |
| 442 | Ultimatum by Atilla to Theodosius II, who rejects it | |
| 442 | 442-447 Huns powerfully invades Byzantium. Destruction of 70 cities in Illiria and Thrace, capture and inclusion of vast territory in Hunnish state | |
| 443 | Peace between Theodosius II and Atilla. By peace of Anatolius (the mediator of the treaty negotiation) Romans were to pay 6,000 pounds of gold immediately, and yearly tribute set at 2,100 pounds of gold, and immediate release of Hun fugitives | |
| 444 | Atilla, Kara Bulgar Yabgu, becomes Hun Kagan (445-453) upon death of Kagan Bled (434-445), the highest ruler from Caucasus to Danube. Per Priscus, Bleda had honor burial and three-day giant feast attended by all nobles of Kaganate Attila's 8 years overshadowed previous and following centuries in memory of Romans | |
| 445 | Syanbinian Jujan Khan Udi (430-445) died, his son Tukhechjen becomes Khan. Empire Weiundertakes punishment raids into steppes against Syanbinian Jujanes | |
| 447 | Weishu states that country Sute, i.e. Sogdiana, is ruled by a Xiongnu (Hun) king named Huni, who was third of his line. This is consistent with Huns' center of gravity move to Middle Asia at around 350-370 | |
| 447 | 2-nd peace of Anatolius between Byzantiun and Huns. Big tribute to Huns. Hun commander Edeco assented to assassinate Atilla for 50 pounds of gold | |
| 448 | Byzantian embassy to Atilla, described by Priscus. Byzantian attempt to organize Atilla's murder | |
| 448 | Akatzirs are reported by Priscus living near Black Sea and subjects to Huns.
Attila (7) (437-453) installs Karidach (Kuridach) as Akatzirs Khan Attila's defeat of Akatsir Scythians and appointment of Ellak as ruler of Pontus Huns |
|
| 450 | In written sources, Huns are identified with Scythians and Cimmerians, and specifically with “Royal Scythians”. Scythian ethnonym “As-kishi”, or its stem “as” is retained in written sources, especially old Georgian documents, in Huns' name as “ovs”, “os” | |
| 450 | Hunnish society attained progress thanks to contact with Roman civilization. In Attila's court, in dwelling place of Onegesios, bath constructed by prisoner from Sirmium are only some examples | |
| 450 | Priscus: “because Scythians are mixed and besides their own language, they try to speak language of Huns, or Goths or Ausoni (Ases), when some of them have to do with Romans” | |
| 450 | Per Priscus, Sabirs conquered lands of Onogurs, Saragurs and Ugors in steppes around north-western Caspian coast | |
| 450 | Death of Theodosius II Flavy on a hunt (10.4.401). Markian, a son of a plain soldier, becomes Emperor, formally as a husband of Pulheria. 450 Markian refuses to pay tribute to Huns | |
| 450 | In time of king Vakhtang during their raids in Georgia in 5th century Huns were called Os. Word “ovs” of Georgian sources is actually a slightly deformed name of a Türkic tribe “As” | |
| 450 | Lazar Parbetsi: Allied armies of S.Caucasian countries capture
fortifications named “pahane Honsü” (defense against Hons) Destruction of Chor (future Derbent) fortress by rebellious Armenians and Albanians |
|
| 451 | Attila heads great army, size of Hunnic army has been variously estimated at between 300,000 and 700,000, crossed Rhine and swept across Europe looting, pillaging, and burning. Aetius battles Attila at Battle of Chalons on Catalaunian Plains | |
| 451 | 451.06.15 “Battle of Peoples” at Catalaun ravine near present Trua. On Atilla's side are Huns, Geruls, and part of Franks, on Aecius side Roman legions recruited from Gaul and Germany, Vestgoths, Burgunds, Franks, Armorician Alans headed by Sanhiban. No definite result. | |
| 451 | Sidonius Apollinaris: Khazars follow banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the Catalanian fields in company with the Black Huns and Alans. | |
| 451 | Jordanes: In a direct fight battled strongest troops on both sides, without surprise attacks. Mighty tribes were killed, 165K on each side, plus 15K Gepids and Franks who fought at night, killing each other, Franks on Roman side, Gepids on Hun's side | |
| 451 | Atilla prepares a campain in Italy | |
| 452 | Italian campain of Atilla, ending with peace. In spite of large conquests, Atilla agreed to peace because of epidemy in his army. | |
| 452 | Huns invasion in Azerbaijan (Who led this campaign? Not Attila...) | |
| 453 | Atilla (434-453) weds young German Ildico. Next morning he is found dead. End of Hunnish hegemony in Central Europe. Atilla is given state funerals. Ellak becomes Hun Kagan (453-454) | |
| 453 | To Ellak, eldest of brothers, given Sabir ulus, i.e. the Otragur Center Wing, aka Atel-kuzu ( Land of People of our Fathers, Scythian Herra [“Land”]); to 2-nd son Tengiz (Dengizik/Diggiz) given Kutrigur ulus, i.e. Western Wing Köturgur; to Bel-Kermek, 3-rd son, given Utigur ulus, i.e Eastern Wing Uturgurs | |
| 453 | Vestgoths, headed by Torismud, son of killed in Catalaunian Plains Theodorix, defeat Huns and expell them from their territory. | |
| 453 | Coalition of Germanic clans defeats and kills Ellak in battle at Nedao. | |
| 453 | Gepids under Ardaric battle Huns under Kagan Ellak. Tingiz (Dengizik/Diggiz) and Bel-Kermek (Hernach, Ernak, Irnik) retreat to a military camp and defend for 2 years. Negotiations allow Tingiz and Bel-Kermek leave with Bulgars, remaining defenders are surrendered to Ardaric. | |
| 453 | 454-565 Gepids control Pannonia. Gepid's reign is established in Dacia (current day Transylvania; Dacians known by Greeks as Gæta, i.e. Goths/Guzes = tribes). Transylvania was inhabited by dominant population of Goths and Gepids without founding any important political entity, Szekely (Esegel/Askal/Iskil/Sekels/Szekely/Szekely-ek/Scyth; S'k'l'/Skydy/Scyth - M.Z.) part of Hun tribes people did not return back to the east and established permanent presence in Transylvania. | |
| 454 | Several Hunno-Bulgar uluses outside of three main Hunnic hordes joined with Byzantines with obligation of military services, and were given land to settle as protectors against their northern cousins | |
| 454 | Coalition of Germanic clans defeats and kills Ellak (453-454) in battle at Nedao. Sabirs without Ellak retreat to East, through Pontic Steppes, to Daghestan. Kutriguri (Western Wing Köturgur) and Utiguri (Otragur Center Wing) under Bel-Kermek (Hernach, Ernak, Irnik) fell back to Atel-kuzu (Sl. 'Ugol') place that corresponds to Bessarabia | |
| 454 | 454 - 455 Rebelion in Hun's state. German tribes of Gepids, Rugs, Geruls rebelled. Battle at Nedao (Nedava, tributary of Sava). The coalition was composed of the Gepids, Scires, Suaves, Ruges, Herules and Ostrogoths | |
| 454 | Jordanes: You could see Goth with lances, Gepids with mad with sword, Rug breaking spears in his wounds, and Svev bravely acting with bat, and Hun with arrow, Alan with heavy, Herule with light weapons. | |
| 454 | Atilla's son Ellak tried suppress rebelion, was defeated and died in battle. Remains of Ellak's army retreated east of Carpathians. Two other sons Dengizik (454-469? -455?) and Ernak remained in Dacia and Bessarabia. Alans led by ruler Kandak were forced to go to Dobrudja | |
| 454 | Ostrogoths take part on losing side in battle at Nedao where Gepids under Ardaric crush last Hun coalition. Ostrogoths become sovereign and settle in Pannonia | |
| 454 | End of EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE (For European historians; the European Hun Empire is on
its way to lose its Central European possessions) 275 - 454 A.D Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C Germany. From E France to Urals; from N Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area -4,000,000 Km2) |
|
| 455 | Dengizik (454-469? -455?, aka Tingiz) and Bel-Kermek (Hernach, Ernak, Irnik, 455-465? 463-489?) lead Bulgars, on way from Pannonia to estuary of Buri-chai (Dnieper) are attacked by Gallidjians (Goths, Scandinavians). Tingiz is killed. Bel-Kermek raises red flag of Ases and breaks through to lower Dnieper. | |
| 455 | Bel-Kermek, 3rd son of Atilla, leads Bulgars to settle between Crimea and estuary of Buri-chai (Dnieper), and proclaims a beylik of Altynoba, with Bel-Kermek as Baltavar (Lord of Beys). | |
| 455 | Bel-Kermek with Hun's Sadagariem and other tribes remain in Dobrudja (Little Scythia) and Lower Moesia. Later known as Sacromontizies and Fossatizies. | |
| 455 | Two other Attilla's sons, Emnetzur and Ultzindur lead from Crimea tribes of Ultzindzur and Ultzindgur to Byzantium on right bank of Danube | |
| 455 | Jews from Armenia and Persia begin migration to North Caucasus | |
| 455 | Hephthalites conquer Kushans and invade India | |
| 456 | Byzantine captures Lazika | |
| 457 | Tabari: in AD 457 Garchistan, Tokharistan, Balkh, Badakhshan were under control of Hephthalite king Akhshunwar (Vakhshunwar, aka Hushnavaz, =Aksongar Tr. “white falcon”) | |
| 460 | Chionites (Huns) arrived in mid-4th century, constituting one, though probably not first, wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran. They were followed successively by Kidarites (ca. 371), Alchons (ca. 400), Hephthalites (ca. 420), and Nezak kings (beginning ca. 460). Chionites cannot be identified with any branch of later Huns. | |
| 460 | Hephthalites took northern Pakistan from Kidarites. Attacks by Hephthalites could have been the reason why Kidara penetrated into territory of Kushanshahr in AD 370 Hephthalites were second Hunnic wave who entered Bactria early in 5th century AD and drove Kidarites to Gandhara. Garchistan, Tokharistan, Balkh, Badakhshan were under control of Hephthalite king Akhshunwar (Vakhshunwar, in other sources named as Hushnavaz) in AD 457. | |
| 460 | Bulgar tribes of Ultinzur, Bittugur and Bardor flock to Altynoba, with Bel-Kermek as Baltabar (Lord of Beys). Huns adopt name Bulgar, Bulgars adopt Hun's language. | |
| 463 | Ogur Türkic tribes, including Onogurs (Onoghur = 10 Ogur Confederation), Saragurs (White Türks) and Uturgurs (Utigurs) (Uturgur = 30 Ogur Confederation) cross Itil and enter Europe. | |
| 463 | Priscus Rhetor: In 463 Byzantium was visited by an embassy of Saragurs, Urogs and Onogurs, who, dislodged by Avars drive to west, conquered conquered lands of Akacirs and asked for a union with Byzantium. Saragurs subjugate Akatsirs | |
| 463 | Destunis G.C.: Saragurs, Urogs and Onogurs sent embassy to Byzantine. They said that they were expelled by Savirs, who fled Avars, who fled from people living on shores of ocean. Saragurs subjugated Akacirs and want on to become Roman federates | |
| 463 | Gumilev suggests that after fall of Hun's Empire Bulgars take a lead and decimated Akacirs, finishing fall of Hun's Empire | |
| 465 | Bulgars led by Bel-Kermek control lands of Akacirs and asked for a union with Byzantium | |
| 465 | Altynoba's Bel-Kermek (455-465) dies, his older son Djurash Masgut becomes Altynoba Baltavar (465-505). | |
| 465 | Agaçeris crossed Caucasus and invaded Media. Agaçeris are included in Five Ogur confederation which also included Karluk, Kangly, Kalaç and Kipchak nations | |
| 466 | Invasion of Saragur and Onogurs in Transcaucasia | |
| 468 | Tengiz (Dengizik) and Bel-Kermek (Hernach) sent ultimatum to Byzantium, when it
is rejected, Dengizik invades Thrace, but is defeated under command of
Byzantine’s Anagast and Aspar. Dengizik dies in battle. ”in some respect Danube war of 468 - 469 was a war of Alans and Ants against their former masters, Huns.” (G.V.Vernadsky). After Byzantian victory Huns left Dacia and Bessarabia. These provinces opened for Slavic colonization. |
|
| 468 | Huns offer alliance to East Roman empire | |
| 468 | Bulgar Kutigurs fight Byzantine (468-469). Byzantine’s Anagast procured Khan Dengizik's head after he was killed and sent it to Constantinople where it was displayed atop of a spear. Kutrigurs never forgot Utigur Hernach's refusal of help. | |
| 468 | 468 - 469 Danube war between Huns and Byzantium. Bel-Kermek (Hernach) after Dengizik death leads army. Byzantium beats off invasion with difficulty. Byzantium mercenary army consists of Slavs (i.e. Ants) and Alans commanded by Aspar, whose father was Alan. | |
| 468 | Vernadsky G.V.:“in some respect Danube war of 468 - 469 was a war of Alans and Ants against their former masters, Huns.” After Byzantian victory Huns left Dacia and Bessarabia. These provinces opened for Slavic colonization. | |
| 469 | Western Hunnish clans retreated. Utigurs to Azov-Taman SE of Sea of Azov. Kutrigurs to between Dnieper and Don Rivers, NW from Sea of Azov Utigurs. Sabirs in Daghestan SE of other two Hunnic hordes, between Daryal Gorge and Kuma River on Caspian Sea. | |
| 469 | Death of Dengizih (Diggiz) |
 |
| 469 | 469 - 488 movement of Bel-Kermek army back to Meotian-Taman region. They call themselves descendents of Hernach and are known as Utigurs (Utragurs/Utigurs = East Wing, from utra = front, opposite = "opposite side" = "to the east", but it is homophonic with “otra” = Center) (Kulakovsky “Alans”) | |
| 469 | Remnants of Tengiz (Dengizik) horde follow Utigurs to Dniepr and settle between Dniepr and Meotian Sea. They were called Kutigurs. | |
| 481 | Ioanes Antiochenus: First written agreement of Byzantium emperor Zeno (474-475,476-491) with Bulgars' Djurash Masgut (465-505), allying them in war against Ostrogoths Goths of Theodoric (493-526), son of Triarius [Must be 475] | |
| 481 | Goths' Theodoric, son of Triariya, victory over Bulgars | |
| 486 | Bulgars fight again against Goths as allies of Byzantium | |
| 488 | Bulgars settle in Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia after expelling Theodoric Ostrogoths (488). | |
| 488 | Khazarian khalifa begins rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus | |
| 488 | Bulgars fought again against Goths as allies of Gepids. | |
| 488 | Bulgarians had been regarded as a brave and invincible in war people | |
| 488 | Chersonesus ruler decided to restore walls and towers damaged by earthquake, scared of Kutugur's raids | |
| 490 | Moisey Kagankatvacy: Hunnish episcope Iunan in Caucasus Hunnia lived during Armenian Vachagan | |
| 492 | Kutigur Bulgars invade Thrace, defeat Byzantine army and kill their leader Julian. | |
| 493 | 493-499 Altynoba's Djurash Masgut Kutigur Huns start raiding Thrace, possibly with Slavs. They took advantage of a civil war in Byzantium. | |
| 498 | Altynoba's Djurash Masgut in winter 498-499 annihilate Byzantium Illyrium army and extends to left bank of Danube. Altynoba subordinates to Avar overlordship. | |
| 498 | Nestorians accompany Shah Kavad I to Turkestan and evangelize the Hephthalite Huns, north of the Oxus River | |
|
|
