HUNS
337-439 AD

Huns 1766 BC-336 AD
Huns 337-439 AD
Huns 440-498 AD
Huns 500-552 AD
Huns 552-599 AD
Huns 600-649 AD
Huns 650-699 AD

Huns 700-749 AD
Huns 750-849 AD
Huns 850-949 AD
Huns 950-1099 AD
Huns 1100-1249 AD
Huns 1250-1349 AD
Huns 1350-1499 AD
Huns 1500-1922 AD

Ku-Sün (Kushan) ca 106 AD	Western Huns by Ptolemy ca 127AD	Hun Anabasis	Eastern Huns ca 300 AD	Western Huns ca 453 AD

DATELINE
Time	Events
337	Western Hun's avant-garde reached Tanais, displaced Ostgoths, who displaced Visigoths and Sarmats into Roman territory. Death of Constantine the Great leads to formal division into Western and Eastern Roman Empires
338	Tele tribes subjugated by Tobases Khan (Tabgach in Orkhon Turkic). They live west of Ordos
350	Mid. 4-th century period of king Sarosius' government in Alania. Establishment of tight contacts between Alania and Byzantine
350	Ügülüy from Syanbinian cavalry organizes a band and joints neighboring nomads
350	Tele are living of animal husbandry, in a weak confederation of tribes, fighting for their independence
350	Chionites (Huns) arrived in mid-4th century, constituting one, though probably not first, wave of immigration from Central Asia into Persia. They were followed successively by Kidarites (ca. 371), Alchons (ca. 400), Hephthalites (ca. 420), and Nezak kings (beginning ca. 460). Chionites cannot be identified with any branch of later Huns.
350	Approximate dating of Eastern Huns' start of conquest of south Central Asian farming areas from previous nomadic overlords. Archeologically detected numerous destruction and depopulation of settlements, neglected irrigation, decline of artisan crafts, lasting till Ephtalite period starting in 5th c. In Syrdarya region sites of Djetyasar (Dzhetyasar) agro-pastoral culture with circular cranial deformation tradition and racially amalgamated population, located adjacent to where Western sources place European Huns prior to their crossing of the Volga, are widely abandoned
352	Fall of of Later Zhao 319-352. The moniker Later Zhao was given by Chinese historiographers to the state of Southern Huns, ruled and apparently populated by Kian tribe of Eastern Huns (Ch. Jie). Liberation of Southern Huns coincided with a major upheaval among Eastern Hun tribes that resulted in their flow westward, fractionation, and takeover of principalities in Middle Asia, India, Afganistan, and former Bactria, called at that time Tokharistan/Tukharistan
350	Chionites (Huns) arrived in mid-4th century, constituting one, though probably not first, wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran. They were followed successively by Kidarites (ca. 371), Alchons (ca. 400), Hephthalites (ca. 420), and Nezak kings (beginning ca. 460). Chionites cannot be identified with any branch of later Huns.
354	Earliest known European record about Bulgarians is “Anonymous chronograph“, a list of tribes and peoples in Latin. He mentions a certain 'Ziezi ex quo Vulgares'
355	Hephthalites formed state on territory of Bactria, called at that time Tokharistan/Tukharistan
356	356/7 Shapur II repulses Chionite Huns on border of Persia
359	Chionite King Grumbat took part in siege of Amida as federati of Persian Shah Shapur II
360	Western Huns cross Volga and attacked Alans. Part of Alans retreat to N. Caucasus, part is absorbed in Western Huns Horde, part retreat to N. Donets. Most likely, after conquest a part of Bulgars joins Western Huns, and a part remains
363	In 363, Armenian, Roman and Persian authors write about necessity of fortifying Caucasian passages, especially Derbent passage, against Western Hun hordes, making repeated raids and campaigns against Persians , Armenians and peoples of Middle East
364	Goth's invasion of Thrace
370	Western Huns defeat Goths (Germans)
370	Romans hired Western Hunnic warriors as auxiliary troops and paid them a yearly tribute, partly for services rendered and partly as a bribe to keep them from raiding provinces
370	Huns were a genetic hybrid between Mongoloid, Altaic (Siberian), and Central Asian Türkic stocks. Typical Hunno-Bulgars probably had a squarish face, high cheekbones, and slanting eyes. Term 'Bulgar' comes from Türkic 'bulgha' = 'to mix'. These nomadic horsemen groups were mainly composed of As - Ossetians, Eastern Antes - Iranian-Slavic blend, Khazars - a mixed Türkic group, and a people known as Sarmatians, an Iranian group.
370	Western Huns defeat Ostrogoths. Death of Germanarix. Vinitari (Vitimir?) becomes new Ostrogothic king. Ostrogoths retire to Lower Dniepr. Geruls and Burgundians part of Ostrogoths
370	370-376 War between Alans and Goths.
370	Western Huns control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join Western Huns
370	Guylüchoy, successor to Ügülüy, organized a horde, move along all Khalka to Khingan, subordinated to Tobas Khans, paid tribute in horses, sable and martens.
370	Guylüchoy life and organization are primitive and organized by regiments of 1000 men. No changes for 200 years. All efforts went to rob neighbors.
370	2 migrations of Bulgarians from Caucasus to Armenia. 1st during Armenian ruler Vaharshak, immigrants of Vh' ndur Bulgar Vund, lands named Vanand.
370	Because of expansion of Western Huns in E European steppes , disturbances ... in land of Bulgars, many of whom migrated and settled south of Kokh, 2nd migration during Armenian ruler Arshak
370	Kidara penetrated into territory of Kushanshahr in AD 370
371	Chionites (Huns) arrived in mid-4th century, constituting one, though probably not first, wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran. They were followed successively by Kidarites (ca. 371), Alchons (ca. 400), Hephthalites (ca. 420), and Nezak kings (beginning ca. 460). Chionites cannot be identified with any branch of later Huns.
371	Huns invade Goths' possessions in N.Pontic
372	After crushing, or compelling alliance of, various nations Alpilzuri, Alcidzuri, Himari, Tuncarsi, Boisci, Western Huns reached Alani, Don Alans crushed by Western Huns. Part of Alans joins Western Huns in advance to Europe
372	Don Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe
374	Retreating to Dnieper Ostrogoths fight with Ants living there. After a number of battles and defeats, Ostrogoths captured Antian King Boz (Bus, Bog?) and executed him
375	Jordanes, XLVIII, 249. Battle between Alans under Balamber ( Bulümar, 363 - 378) and Ostrogoths at river Erac (Tiligul liman, about 35 km east of Odessa). After death of Vitimir, young Vidirix bacame a King. Alatey and Safrac ruled under his name. Ostrogoths retreated to Dniestr.
375	Ammianus Marcellinus: After his (Hermanaric) departure, Vitimir was made a King, and resisted Halans for some time… But after many defeats he suffered, he was subdued by arms and died in battle
376	Western Huns captured Atilkuzu (Bessarabia). Alans remained in Dacia. Vestgoths and Ostrogoths, defeated by Western Huns and Alans, retreated to Danube
376	Vestgoths and Ostrogoths Goths fled from Western Huns, asked help from Emperor Valens, who allowed them cross Danube to guard borders, and entered Roman Empire. Poor control of crossing, extractions by officials caused rebellion. Rome faced Gothic invasion.
376	Goths who crossed Danube became Visigoths, and Goths who remained behind and became subjects of Western Huns were designated Ostrogoths. Ostrogoths who cross Danube joined Vestgoths. Entire Alaric's Visigothic population is estimated to be around 100,000 people
377	Hunnish-Bolgarian association during period of Western Hunnish hegemony in Central Europe. Attilla's combat power consists mostly of mounted Bolgarian troops. Attila' dynasty is continued for Bolgars.
377	A detachment of Western Huns crossed Kerch straight from Caucasus, displaced Goths in Crimea to center of peninsula, and went to join main army in Dniestr estuary
378	At a victory celebration Bulümar (363 - 378) dies, his son Alyp-bi Arbat (Gr. Uldin) becomes Khan of Western Huns (378-402 b 361)
378	Oldest son of Western Hun's Bulümar (Balamber) Alyp-bi defeats Sadumians (Scandinavians), crossed Danube and with estimated 200,000 of Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Alans warriors defeats 80K Byzantium army at Andrianopol. Valens acted alone and engaged a massive Western Hun's force. Result was a catastrophe, Valens army was completely annihilated, he perished (9 August AD 378). His body was never found
380	Western (Northern) Huns in westward migration (93-c.380) take possession of lower Don river valley and north of Sea of Azov .
380	New Roman Emperor Theodosius settles Gothic problem diplomatically. Goths become federates, and Alans move north.
380	380-395 Alans clear Dacia and Atilkuzu from Vestgoths, Taifals, Gepids, Burgunds and other peoples. Western Huns went to Pontic steppes.
383	Northern China attempt to conquer south China stopped in the battle of Fei River by (whose?) force
386	Creation of Tabgach-Northern Wei Empire
390	Tele move north, to Djungaria, and spread in West Mongolia to Selenga.
395	395-397 Western (Caspian) Huns under Khan Alyp-bi campaign in N.Caucasus, Asia Minor, and even raid Syria (Caucasus, Syria, Cappadocia, and Mesopotamia ). Alans, Ostrogoths and Geruls, retreated earlier to N.Caucasus, subordinate to Western Huns (Eusebius Hieronymus, aka St. Jerome, letters of 396 and 399AD, Yeshu Stilit "Chronicle") Citing Ptolemy, Pseudo-Zakharia states that Caspian Gates (Derbent Pass) is within Hunnic territory.
395	Rebellion of Alarics and Visigoths
400	In Danube area, evidently, arrived Western Huns. They killed Byzantian federate Gain, expelled by rebels from Constantinople.
400	Syanbian language, ancient Mongolian, becomes inter-tribe language for Türk's allied tribes. “Türk“ = “strong“, “powerful“.
400	Alans and Bulgars live between Itil and Don
400	Arab and Persian authors mention town Varachan (Belenjer, Bülünjar), capital of Western Hun state, in Sulak valley near Upper Chir-Ürt in Daghestan. Later authors refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars.
400	Ancestors of Khazars among Western Huns called selves Basils (Bas, head; il/el, people--ruling people)
400	Chionites (Huns) arrived in mid-4th century, constituting one, though probably not first, wave of immigration from Central Asia into Iran. They were followed successively by Kidarites (ca. 371), Alchons (ca. 400), Hephthalites (ca. 420), and Nezak kings (beginning ca. 460). Chionites cannot be identified with any branch of later Huns.
402	Alyp-bi (Gr. Uldin) (378-402) dies, is buried on Kuyantau mountain (current Kiev) under Baltavar stone with Ψ sign. His son Aybat (Eur. Mundzuk, Karaten, Charaton) becomes Khan of Western Huns (402-414, b 380).
402	Ruler of Western Roman Empire Stilihon allied with Western Huns and Alans, who help Stilihon to fight off attack of German tribes.
405	New help by Western Huns and Alans to Stilihon to fight off attack of German tribes (Suewes)
405	Alans join Vandals in invasion to Gallia (modern France).
406	Radagais leads Vandals, Suebis, Kuads, Burgonds, Saksons, Almants, is cuptured at Fiesol (N.Italy) by Western Huns under Ulduz (Kagan? Yabgu?) (?-410?), supposedly, ruler of right, western wing of Western Hunish army, Köturgurs), allied with Romans, and executed (Aug 406). Vandals cross Rein, retreat to Gaul
409	Alans and Vandals moving from Gaul to Spain.
410	Moisei Chorenatsi: in 410es Caucasian “land of Huns” is populated by people with ethnonym “Basils” among other participants in events in S.Caucasia . Caucasian “Huns” at that time were Kayis (Haitaks ~ Mountain Kayis). Tribe Kayi (aka Kai), Ch. Hi (霫) and Si (pyn. Xi 奚, < yiei < haj~qaj), No 2 Kaiyg on Mahmud Kashgari list, was subjugated by Maodun in 200 BC, it played leading role in history of Kimeks, Western Kumans, China, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Persia, and Russia. Kashgari list depicts two more nearly identical tamgas, No 18 Tügers (also spelled Düver and Düğer, Töker or Tüker, these are Tochars of Strabon and the Digor component of Ossetes) , and No 19 Becheneks (also spelled Bechenek, Pechenek, Pecheneg) . These three tamgas have an element of Kipchak tamga I and V element that also includes No 1 Kınıks “Today they are kagans”, these are Kangar dynastic tribe , No 16 Tutırkas (Dondurgas) and No 7 Begtilis (Begdilis or Beydilis) .
410	Syanbinian Jujan Khan Shelun Deuday unlimitly controlled steppes from Khingan to Altai. Tele were subjugated. Central Asian Huns, after winning battle at river Ili, recognized suzerainty of Syanbinian Jujans and bought peace by submissiveness.
410	Syanbinian Jujan Khan Shelun Deuday died (?-410), his brother Khulüy (410-414) becomes Khan.
410	Bishop of Rome Innocent I (401-417) exchange hostages with Western Hun Khan Aybat to ensure peace, royal prince of Rome for Atila (434-453 b 406) who is sent to Northern Italy. Young Attila is educated in Western Roman Empire
410	Western Huns attack Roman Empire and sack Rome. Western Huns introduce pants to Roman Empire, which replace traditional togas.
410	After death of Kagan Uldiz (?-410?) Charaton (410-422?) becomes Kagan of Western Huns. In 412 Charaton receives Byzantian ambassador Olimpiodors. Charaton rules mostly eastern part of empire. No information till 422.
410	Bulgars attack Lombards (Longobards)
410	At the beginning of 5th century AD Hephthalites extended their authority over Kabul valley
412	Byzantine Embassy with Olympiodorus to Western Huns in north-western coast of Black Sea N.Pontic area , i.e. in Pontic Scythia
414	Syanbinian Jujan Khan Khulüy (410-414) died, his cousin Datan (414-?) becomes Khan
414	Khan Aybat (Eur. Mundzuk, Karaten, Charaton) (402-414, b 380) dies, His son becomes Khan of Western Huns .
417	Appearance of Kidarites on border of Persia
418	Syanbinian Jujanes penetrated Tarbagatay area
420	Toba tribe unites Northern China into a kingdom known under Chinese name of Empire Wei
420	Huns occupied Pannonia. Western Huns settle in middle Danube. Rulers were Yabgu Roila (Rugila), Aybat (Eur. Mundzuk) and Kagan Oktar
420	St. Jerome (342-420) Letter CVII To Laeta: The Armenians have laid aside their quivers, the Huns are learning the psalter, the frosts of Scythia are warmed by the fire of faith. Huns (Danube or Caucasus?) are proselytized into Christianity
420	WHITE HUN (EPHTALITE) EMPIRE 420 - 552 A.D Founder - Aksuvar (Aksungur) Area - Half of Northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan, Eastern Turkestan but also significant parts of Central Asia (Tokharistan, Chaganian, Samarkand, Bukhara, Kesh, Ferghana, Chach (Total Area - 3,500,000 Km2)
420	Ephtalites were divided into White Chions and Red Chions. “Liangshu”: Hephthalites worshipped god of the Sky (Tien-shen, i.e Tengri) and god of Fire (Huo-shen, i.e Ut-Ana). Every morning, coming out of their tents (yurts), they prayed to that god (Tengri) and then proceed with their meals .
420	End of impact of Eastern Huns' conquest of south Central Asia (3th-5th cc. AD). Under a stable Hun (Xiongnu) dynasty Sogd rapidly recovered, continuing recovery under Kidarites.
422	Byzantine peace treaty with Persia
424	Jujan Khan Datan (?-424) with 60K cavalry invades Empire Wei. In 425 Tobases of Empire Weiexpel them to behind Gobi
424	Western Huns advance force sacked Rome. Huns are free warriors with equal rights. Their universe rotates around Polar Star, and their goal is subjugation then pacification of the peoples, of the four corners of the world. All conquered peoples became their friends once they identified with interests of Huns. Huns had common ownership and interest rather than clans or blood-ties
427	During reign of Warahran V (420-438), known in epic tradition under name Bahram Gor, huge army of “Turks” (250,000) (Hephthalites), led by Kagan invaded Iran. Warahran V drove Hephthalites back to beyond Amudarya, and concluded non-aggession treaty. Firdausi adds that after defeat “Turks” from Balkh, Huttal, Bukhara and Chaganian had to pay Iran tribute, which does not correspond to reality
430	Major campaign by Tabgach Empire Weiarmy, under Emperor Tay-u-di (Toba Dao) disperses Syanbinian Jujanes. Datan disappears, leadership taken by his son Udi (430-445). Udi agrees to pay tribute to Empire Wei
430	Western Huns reach Rein. Yabgu Roila (Ruga) keeps friendly relations with Rome, lending troops to suppress Bagauds in Gaul
430	Many Western Huns in Pannonia live in houses and depend on agriculture to support them. Prince Attila the Hun entered into alliance with many peoples who occupy C. Europe (Germany)
432	After Oktar, Ruga (432-437) becomes Western Hun Kagan
433	Western Huns began to sweep into Roman Empire (Europe). Attila the Hun is educated in Italy in Roman Christian traditions and its not surprising Huns should again subjugate Europe.
434	Akatzirs are subjects to Western Huns under Hunnish Kagan Ruga
434	Aybat (Eur. Mundzuk) (390-434) dies. His son Bleda, becomes Kagan and ruler of left E. Wing Huns (Uturgurs, Ak Bulgar) (434-445). His son Attila becomes Yabgu of right W. Wing Huns (Köturgurs, Kara Bulgar) (434-445).
434	Roman bishop of Margus crossed Danube and robbed royal Hun graves, stealing their burial treasures. War broke out
434	Possibly during Byzantine campain Ruga (Rua, Roila, Rugila) dies (?-434), Atilla and his brother Bleda are elected, his nephew Attila becomes ruler of Right (Western) Wing of empire (Köturgurs)
434	Huns siege Constantinople. Death of Rugila. Beginning of joint rule by Atilla and Bleda
434	Attila forces Eastern Roman Empire to recognize the superiority of Western Huns. Constantinople gives many concessions in treaty of Margus: Hun merchants’ rights, military alliance conducts, the return of Hun fugitives, and increases tribute to 700 pounds of gold to be paid each year
434	Sidonius Apollinaris: ca. 434 Khazars are Attila's tributaries, they follow banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the Catalanian fields in company with the Black Huns (Köturgurs, Kara Bulgars) and Alans.
435	Brother of Prince Atilla the Hun Prince Blada (aka Bleda) negotiates with Rome. Romans align with Western Huns against Germanic Burgundi armies. Battle near Rhine sees Burgundi King Gunther killed. King Ruha the Hun dies and Blada and Atilla are pitted against each other for Western Hun's Kingship.
437	Syanbinian Jujanes under Udi resume attacks on Empire Wei. In 439 Empire Weicounterattacks, without decisive battle. In 440 Udi attacks border and flees. Then again in 445.
439	In 439 Tobases had victory over Eastern Huns and joined Chesi to Wei Empire, Khan Ashina with 500 families fled to Syanbinian Jujanes and settled south of Altai mountains and produce iron for Syanbinian Jujanes. Flight of Ashina clan to Altai Mountains
439	Eastern Huns stand in Dunkhuan and battle against Shanshan
439	Horde of warlike Syanbinians retreated to Tibet from Khesi. Coming to a rich, but disunited country, Syanbinian leader attracted Kyans, i.e. occupied a dominating position between ever-hostile tribes.
439	In Tibet, descendants of Syanbinian leader had title Tsenpo, meaning in between King and Head of Government, supported by Syanbinians who are the only real force in country.