932 - 1212 A.D
Founder - Saltuk Bugra Han
Area - All Trans-Oxus area including area between Issyk and Balkash Lakes Initial center in Kashgar
| DATELINE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Time | Events | |
| 850 | Bashkorts used prior to 9c antroponym 'Ishtek/Istek' (Asses, Ossian/Yassian people), and from 9 c became known antroponym 'Bashkort' from (according to Arab author Salam Tardjman) Khan Bashgird, whose horde lived in present area. | |
| 852 | Khan Presijan (43) (836-852) controls Danube Bulgaria extending from Panonnia, Transilvania, Wallachia, Moldavia, Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, to Donets ??, with numerous inhabitants (Slavs, Bulgars, Thracians (Vlach, Wallach, Dacian, Get) | |
| 855 | Kara Bulgarian Baltavar Khan Aydar (819-855) died, Gabdulla Djilki (Shilki) becomes Khan (855-882) | |
| 859 | Khan Shilki lost battle to Khazar Kagan Iskhak at Baltavar (Poltava) | |
| 859 | Kara Bulgar Khan Gabdulla Djilki (Shilki) lost Bashtu (Kiev) and Urus (Novgorod) uluses to Khazars. Khazars oganize them as ulus Rus. Khagan Iskhak appoints Norman leader Dir (Bulg. Djir) of Slavic militia in Bashtu a ruler of Rus and Norman Ascold (Bulg. As-Khalib) a Viceregent of Rus | |
| 859 | Shilki settles in c. Karadjar (Chernigov) with territory | |
| 859 | Shilki's brother Lachyn becomes Khan of remaining Kara Bulgar with a capital in Khorysdan (Putivl) | |
| 859 | Kara Bulgar Bashtu becomes Khazarian Kiev | |
| 861 | Religious debate in Khazarian court (khazarian Polemic) between Cyril and Methodius, Rabbi Yitzhak Ha Sangari, and Muslem cleric Farabi Ibn Kora. | |
| 861 | Khazar Bulan Bek, nobility and some common people convert to Judaism. | |
| 862 | Chronist Nestor gives 862 as year of creation of Rus. Ruses are rulers of Slavs. Ruses live in military settlements and "feed" by spoils, a part of which was rendered to Jewish Khazars. Slavs are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. Russes are ethnically different from Slavs: they shave their heads, leaving a braid on top, they wash before dinner in a basin. Slavs cut their hair in a circle, and wash under running water. | |
| 862 | Viking warrior Hrorekr (Riurik) leads expedition to Staraya Lagoda and occupied city in 862 | |
| 862 | Hrorekr (Riurik) (862-879) takes Novgorod, the other brothers take two other cities. Eventually Riurik gained all three cities. Gradual conquest of surrounding Slavic states, raided as far as Constantinople. At his death, his son Ingvar is too young to ru | |
| 863 | Khan Shilki re-unites Bashtu and Karadjar with Kara Bulgar. Knyaz Dir (Bulg Djir) submits to Shilki, Ascold (Bulg As-Khalib) escapes to Galidj (Novgorod? Galich?) Shilki restores himself as Baltavar of Kara Bulgar with capital at Baltavar (Poltava) | |
| 864 | Between 864 and 884. First assault of Norman/Viking/Varyag/Ruses on Tabaristan Province of Arab Caliphate with at least some Türkic population of Gilans, Kayi Huns, Masguts, and Savirs. Ruses attacked largest southern port city Abaskun in Astrabad Bay, reportedly Amir killed all Ruses. | |
| 865 | Khan Barys of Itil Bulgaria beylyk founded by Tat-Ugek, died, and Shilki, Khan of Kara Bulgar with a capital in Baltavar (Poltava) is proclamed Khan of Itil Bulgaria (865-882). | |
| 865 | City Bulgar becomes a capital of Itil Bulgaria. | |
| 865 | Shilki proclames Itil Bulgaria an Islamic state, without a Califate recognition | |
| 866 | Established Kara Bulgar station Kolyn (Khlynov, Vyatka) | |
| 868 | First revolt of Türkish soldiers against Abbasid Calif al-Mutaawakkil (847-861) | |
| 868 | Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Türkish praetorian of Abbasid Califate, becomes an independent ruler of Egypt and extends his rule to Syria | |
| 871 | Chronicon Salernitarum anno 871: Leaders of Avars, Khazars, and Northmen (= Rus?) according to Byzantine protocol, MGH III, 1839, 523 are titled Kagan: “Chaganum vero non praelatum Avarum, non Gasanorum aut Nortmannorum nuncupari reperimus, neque principem Vulgarum, set regem vel dominum Vulgarum." (Covetous Kagans preferred not be called Princes of Avar, Khazar, or Northman people, but the King of his people) | |
| 875 | Khazars built a glass factory in Hrodna (present Belarus) | |
| 879 | 879-882 Post Riurik (862-879), pre-Olaf period in Rus ulus | |
| 882 | Khan Shilki (855-882) died, Bat-Ugyr becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (882-895). | |
| 882 | Khan Alabuga of a Baryn line of Sabans starts a city, named later Bilyar. | |
| 882 | Olaf (Russ. Oleg) (882-913) First serious Rus expansion. Dominated several E. Slav tribes as tribute states. | |
| 889 | After 889, Besenyos break through Khazarian border guards and replace Magyars from Levedia | |
| 893 | Catastrophically cold winter of 892-893 froze Itil and Don, made it possible for Besenyos, whom Oguzes attacked, to flee across frozen rivers into Atelkuzu, although some of them were stuck east of Yaik river | |
| 893 | Besenyos stop their pusuit of Majars at Dniepr, spend winter near mouth of river Buh | |
| 894 | Majar Prince Levente leads Khazar Kabars against Bulgaria | |
| 894 | Besenyos in alliance with Bulgars start a second attack of Majars, forcing them to leave Atilkiji (Itil-Kiji, Atelkuzu) for Transylvania and Upper Tisza region | |
| 895 | Bat-Ugyr (882-895) abdicates. Baltavar (Elteber) Almush (Almas), eldest son of Shilki, becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria, accclamed in city Bulgar (895-925). | |
| 895 | Khan Almush Kara Bulgar census lists 550K, 200K are Saban-speaking Bulgars, 180K-Ars (Udmurts, Finno-Ugors), 170K-Modjars | |
| 895 | Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power | |
| 895 | Some Khazar Kabars settle in Transilvania/Hungary with Magyars. | |
| 895 | Avaria (Pannonia) is divided between Slavic state of Great Moravia under Svyatopolk, and Turkic Khanate of Bolgaria. Bolgar Onogundur (or Onogur) settle there, possibly giving name to Hungary | |
| 900 | Ibn Ruste lists three branches of Itil Bulgars: "first branch was called Bersula, second - Esegel, and third - Bolgar" | |
| 902 | Varangian Rus mercenaries are mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus mercenaries also serve Khazars | |
| 904 | Olaf (Russ. Oleg), Prince of Kiev (882-916 ), remains a vassal of Avar Khaganate, divided between Bulgarian principalities. (In 859 to Khazars??) | |
| 909 | Rus raiders (druzhina) with Varangian (Varyag) allies captures Khazarian fort Abezgun on Caspian Sea | |
| 909 | Between 909 and 913. Second assault of Norman/Viking/Varyag/Ruses on Tabaristan Province of Arab Caliphate with at least some Türkic population of Gilans, Kayi Huns, Masguts, and Savirs. Ruses attacked again largest southern port city Abaskun in Astrabad Bay, then Sari in Hyrcania (Yiyrks). Gilan force reportedly killed all Ruses. |
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| 910 | First missions of Christian preachers from Byzantium to Alania. Establishing Alan arch-episcopate. Peter as first arch-bishop of Alania | |
| 913 | Kengeres, once a part of confederation of W. Goktürk Khaganate, were driven toward lower Syr-Darya and Aral Sea by Karluk Türks. They were grazing their herds between Yaik and Itil rivers | |
| 913 | North of Sea of Azov Kengeres occupied Levedia, taking it from Majars, and then drove them from Atilkiji area between Dniepr and Lower Danube | |
| 913 | Ingvar (Russ. Igor) (913-945) re-established control over Eastern Slavs | |
| 913 | Largest campaign of Norman/Viking/Varyag/Ruses in Caspian, devastation of Gilan, Deilem, Tabaristan, Abaskun, attacked Baku in Azerbaijan and Shirvan with significant Türkic population of Gilans, Kayi Huns, Masguts, Yiyrks, Azeri, and Savirs. Khazars demolish Rus marauding expedition fleet | |
| 915 | Besenyos appear before Kiev for first time in force. Prince Ingvar (Russ. Igor) signs peace treaty with them establishing a frontier between Don and Dniester | |
| 920 | Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or Asses), Oguz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bulgars | |
| 920 | Itil Bulgar Baltavar Almush (Almas) allies with Caliphate as counterbalance to Khazars. Beginnng of minting of Bulgarian dirkhems | |
| 922 | Itil Bulgars congress of Bulgarian tribes adopted Islam as state religion, built mosques and schools. Itil Bulgars start transition to Arabic script from Türkic script | |
| 922 | Baltavar Almush takes a title 'Emir' as obligation to rule in accordance with Quran | |
| 922 | City Bilyar becomes a province Baityuba capital and a 3rd sized city after Bulgar and Bandja | |
| 922 | City Nur-Suvar (922-1246). Present Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar) | |
| 922 | Established city Tukhchi, renamed in 1219 Djuketun (Chistopol) | |
| 925 | Governor of province Mardan-Ballak Balus starts a city, named later Banja (Banja-Burtas). Present Syzran | |
| 925 | Almush (895-925) died, Khasan becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (925-930). Almush is buried in Fortress Gulistan | |
| 930 | Seljuks are from tribe Kynyk - one of 24 Oguz tribes. Oguzes live between Syr Darya, Caspian and Aral seas. Kynyks live near delta of Syr Darya | |
| 930 | Yabgu rules Oguzes. Leader of Seljuk clan, Temir-Yalyg, nicknamed Dukak (Dokak), has a high position. He objects to a raid by Yabgu against other Türkic tribes, and sours relations with Yabgu. He and his tribe may be Moslems | |
| 930 | Itil Bulgaria has 30 cities. Khasan built: Matak Nukrat Bandja (Samara ) (Center of Mardan-Bellak ulus) Bulyar (citadel in Bilyar) Kamysh Simbir Gazan-Deber Kashan Tukhcha Tau-Kerman (Sviyajsk) Tash-Bulgar Subash-Simbir Karadjar Djilan | |
| 930 | Khasan (925-930) died, Yalkau Michail becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (930-943) | |
| 930 | Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage | |
| 932 | KARAHANID (Karahanli, Ilek (ilig)-khanid, al-Hakaniye, el-Haniye, al-Afrasiyab) 932 - 1212 A.D Founder - Saltuk Bugra Han Area - All Trans-Oxus area including area between Issyk and Balkash Lakes Initial center in Kashgar |
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| 932 | Khazars ally with Oguzes | |
| 934 | Kengeres join in Hungarian invasion of Byzantian Thrace | |
| 939 | Khazar Baliqchi Pesakh defeats Rus | |
| 943 | Yalkau Michail died (930-943), Mohammed becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (943-976) | |
| 943 | Campaign of Norman/Viking/Varyag/Ruses in Caspian, capture of Agvan capital Berdaa at a tributary of Kura in Azerbaijan, devastating city, but with large losses. Agvan had significant Türkic population of Gilans, Kayi Huns, Masguts, Azeri, and Savirs. | |
| 944 | Kengeres join in Prince Ingvar of Kiev raid on Byzantium | |
| 945 | Helga (Russ. Olga) (945-962) is energetic in subjugating Slavs, exacting terrible revenge upon Drevlians, burying alive and burning their most distinguished men alive in a bath in Kiev, massacring 5,000 at her husbands funeral feast, burning Izkorosten with many killed or enslaved | |
| 944 | All Gothic cities-colonies are robbed to foundation in raid of Prince Ingvar of Kiev | |
| 945 | Start of Itil Bulgar-Turkmen 15 year war | |
| 949 | Talib, junior son of Khan Gazan, and grandson of Almush, organizes a regular army in Itil Bulgaria. | |
