Shipova E-M Turkisms In Russian

Posting notes see Cover Page. Posting notes against individual entries are posted in English in the Russian version. To preserve the pagination of the Russian original, the words are listed in the original Russian alphabetical order. All etymological notes are excluded, for a complete scope see the Russian version, for a precise original spelling see PDF image. Dialectal variations without a separate etymological discourse in the original are excluded. Only a root meaning is included; the cluster of derivatives, which in many cases includes verbs and adjectives, in the original are listed in the etymological notes, and are excluded. The total posted root word count is 1,412, with the derivatives the count would triple or quadruple to a conservative 5,000 - 6,000 main entries. Practically every Russian noun can have a verb form, they are not necessarily listed in the original Dictionary, but are implied by default, so the 49 listed verbs are those specially noted semantically; another 1,000 are implied. A similar situation is with adjectives, participles, and gerunds. E.N. Shipova listed them only in exceptional cases, where they carry an independent meaning, and then only when they were listed in her sources. Gender indicator corresponds to the initial Russian word only.

Posting statistics:	total	noun	verb	adjective	adverb	exclamation
		n, nf, nm, nneu, npl	v	adj	adv	excl
	1,412	1,316	49	34	9	3

Word count:

A	B	V	G	D	E	J	Z	I	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S	T	U	F	Kh	Ts	Ch	Sh	Sch	Y	Yu	Ya
82	255	14	21	51	21	6	10	22	275	24	59	27	12	24	4	152	136	33	8	30	3	98	54	5	3	9	36
6%	18%	1%	1%	4%	1%	0.4%	0.7%	2%	19%	2%	4%	2%	1%	2%	0.3%	11%	10%	2%	0.6%	2%	0.2%	7%	4%	0.4%	0.2%	0.6%	3%

Semantics: The first observation is that the dictionary confirms the old adage: Scratch a Russian, and underneath is a Tatar (i.e. a Türk). The scope of "Türkisms" in Russian is a language in itself; with a 1,412-word root vocabulary you can write a book, a poem, or an article on any subject in the Middle Age life. Moreover, without the Türkic words, no book, poem, or an article can be written in Russian on any subject.

The second semantical observation completely refutes a city myth promulgated in the past 2-3 centuries, that the Türkic words were imposed during the "Mongolo-Tatar Yoke" period in the 13th - 15th centuries. Under that scenario, a pristine Slavic language became contaminated by Türkisms, producing the Old Russian language. The Dictionary demonstrates the opposite: in the pre-Mongolian times the Russian children grew in Türkic households whose Türkic vocabulary covered from baby lullabies and cradles to agriculture, cattlebreeding, natural resources, and war. The number of words that come with the mother's milk is nothing less than manifesting. The number of words that come with father's and grandfather's training is nothing less than manifesting. Just one outer garment, caftan, has 16 types. Another garment, raincoat, has 5 types. This detailed variety can't be imposed, it must be absorbed in the family, within the fabric of society. This linguistic observation of a symbiotic population is corroborated by the revealing map of B- blood group, which has a demarcation line distinctly separating Eastern Europe from the Central and Western Europe.

The third semantical observation flies in the face of the promulgated notion that in respect to agriculture and household ware, the Türkic nomads had nothing to give the sedentary Slavs. The number of Türkic terms attests to just the opposite. Without Türkic terminology, there is no Russian subsistent agriculture. This fact demonstrates that the steppe nomads had the level of agricultural production far exceeding that of their Slavic counterparts at the dawn of times. At the same time, they endowed the Russian language with rich cattlebreeding vocabulary. Just one appurtenance, bag, has 18 types, with 4 types just for the water bag. Nothing can be further from the truth than the image, canonized in Russian-lingual historiography, of a wild raider feeding on defenseless settlers. The war-related vocabulary is impressive, but it is a small fraction of the words depicting a civil life.

Finally, the scope of nature lexicon reflects a picture of rowing newcomers coming in small numbers to an old neighborhood. The lexicon includes 70+ Türkic terms for flora and dozens for fauna, depicting the environment that the Slavic guests had to get acquainted and adopt. The idea that a handful of Mongolo-Tatar rulers, who newer settled within the Rus lands, and whose only task was organization and collection of taxes, could impose such a fine nature vocabulary on their vassals is preposterous. This education and retention could only result from within a family, passed from generation to generation who live very close to the native land.

The Türkic words, like the people who remember them, belong to numerous various tribes and dialects that settled the Eastern Europe, some of them may be traced to the Sredny Stog culture and its siblings. These words are as monumental as the most significant archeological monuments, they froze in time the life of the days long past. The oldest dated layer belongs to the Bulgar Onogurs, known to us from their Greek neighbors, who passed to us their name and the name of the 5th c. BC port city Phanagoria in the Onogur Scythian lands. We should be forever grateful to Elizabeth Shipova for the opportunity to visit that past.

Cover Page		A - D		E - M			N - T		U - Ya

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