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Bulgars 4000 BC-336 AD Bulgars 337-499 AD Bulgars 500-599 AD Bulgars 600-799 AD |
Bulgars 800-1099 AD Bulgars 1100-1299 AD Bulgars 1300-1922 AD |
| DATELINE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Time | Events | |
| 1300 | Descendants of Jewish Khazars in Eastern Europe adopt Yiddish language (1300-1500). | |
| 1300 | Kipchaks live east of Itil and in southern Urals | |
| 1300 | Kipchaks who settled from Itil to Lower Ilek rivers left modest earthen kurgans with rectangular burials facing east, with a hide or a mummy of harnessed and saddled horse. | |
| 1300 | Kipchak men grave goods have bark quivers with cut arrows, knifes, flints, and women have bronze or silver earrings, rings, pendants, scissors, bronze mirrors and headdress ornaments (bark tubes ”bokks”) | |
| 1303 | Mamluks stop last Mongolian invasion of Syria | |
| 1304 | Khan Tokhtaga summons Rus Knyazes for meeting in Pereyaslavl to stop feudal infighting and swear allegiance to Kipchak Khan | |
| 1309 | Hungarian Christian clergy edicts that Catholics cannot marry ”Khazars”. | |
| 1312 | After Kipchak Khan Tokhtaga (1290-1312), his nephew Giazetdin-Sultan Mukhammed-Uzbek (Özbeg) (1312-1341) becomes Khan. He gives yarlyks to Rus Knyazes to collect taxes instead of former Tatar baskaks | |
| 1315 | Kipchak Khan Uzbek summons Prince Yuri III (1303-1325) of Moscow to Sarai Berke. Yuri marries Usbek's sister Konchaka (Russ. Agrafia), becoming brother-in law of Khan Uzbek, and lives 2 years in Sarai Berke | |
| 1320 | Kipchak Khan Uzbek gives princess (Tughay? D. 1348) to Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad of Bahri Mamluk dynasty (1293-1341) as wife | |
| 1321 | Lithuanian Duke Gedemin defeats coalition of Kipchak Rus vassal princes and captures Kiev, leaving his vassal prince as governor | |
| 1324 | Lithuanian Duke Gedemin annexes all Black Rus (Ukraine) and Podlyakhia into his Lithuanian domains | |
| 1327 | Kipchak Khan Uzbek sent 50,000 horsemen against Prince Ivan I Kalita (Moneybag) (1328-1340) of Moscow | |
| 1327 | Ivan I Kalita with Tatar help subdued anti-Mongol uprising in Tver. Thousands of Tverians were sent to China to join Rus volunteer recruits, conscripts, and captured prisoners serving as special guards for Mongol Emperor | |
| 1328 | Pope John XXII instructs Hungarian bishops not to collect tithes from Cumans | |
| 1334 | Partition of Chagatai Kaganate | |
| 1335 | End of UIGUR EMPIRE 740 - 1335 A.D Founder - Kutlug Bilgekul Khan Area - Central Asia and Northern Mongolia |
|
| 1336 | Birth of Timurlan | |
| 1339 | Join campaign of Ivan I Kalita and Khan Uzbek to take Smolensk. | |
| 1339 | Kipchak Khanate is gradually Islamized | |
| 1340 | Grand Prince Ivan I Kalita with all Rus Knyazes called to gather in Sarai Berke. Khan Uzbeg approves Ivan’s son as next Rus Grand Prince | |
| 1341 | After Kipchak Khan Uzbek (1312-1341), Tini Beg is murdered (1341-1341), Jani Beg I becomes Kipchak Khan (1341-1356) | |
| 1341 | Dmitry (future Donskoi), Great Prince of Vladimir and Moscow, son of Ivan I Kalita, mints “denga” coins with ”Es-Soltan-El-Egzem” on one side and Seal Of Great Prince Dm on another side | |
| 1346 | Black Death struck in 1346-47 | |
| 1349 | Black Death struck in 1349. Beetwen 1364 and 1425. Rus looses 1/3 of population | |
| 1349 | Hungarian Jews, partly of Khazar origin, resettle in Poland and Austria. | |
| 1352 | Black Death struck in 1352-1353 | |
| 1356 | Kipchak Khan Jani Beg I (1341-1356), last member of House of Juchi to rule over Kipchak Kaganate, dies, Berdi Beg becomes Khan (1356-1359) | |
| 1359 | Kipchak Khan Berdi Beg (1356-1359) dies, Qulpa becomes Khan (1359-1360) | |
| 1360 | Kipchak Khan Qulpa (1359-1360) dies, Nauruz Beg becomes Khan (1360) | |
| 1360 | Kipchak Khan Nauruz Beg (1359-1360) dies, Hizr becomes Khan (1360-1361). General Khan Mamai controls western half of Kipchak Khanate | |
| 1360 | Black Death struck in 1360 | |
| 1361 | City Bolgary was destroyed by Ak Urdu Khan Bulak-Timur. | |
| 1361 | Kipchak Khan Hizr (Ak Urdu - White Horde) dies, Temur Hoja becomes Khan (1361-1362) | |
| 1361 | Gazan (Kazan) renamed Bolgar-al-Djadid (New Bolgar) | |
| 1362 |
Kipchak Khan Temur Hoja (1361-1362) dies, Murad becomes Khan. He gives yarlyk to Dmitri of Moscow (future Donskoi), who is also a favorite of rebellious Khan Mamai |
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| 1364 | After Kipchak Khan Murad (1362-1364), Abdullah (1364 d1370) becomes Khan, civil war and multiple khans following him | |
| 1364 | Black Death struck in 1364-1366 | |
| 1369 | After Kipchak Khan Abdullah (1362 d1370), Jani Beg II becomes Khan (1369-1370) | |
| 1369 | EMPIRE OF TIMUR KHAN 1369 - 1501 A.D Founder - Timur Gurgani Area - West, Balkans; North, Volga, South, Indian Ocean; East, Central Asia |
|
| 1370 | After Kipchak Khan Jani Beg II (1369-1370) dies, Mohammed Buluq-Khan becomes Khan (1370 d) | |
| 1370 | Mohammed Buluq-Khan (1370 d) dies, Tulun Beg-Khanum (fem) becomes Khan (1370-1373) | |
| 1371 |
Grand Prince Mikhail again goes and obtains yarlyk from pretender Khan Mamai, while Dmitri obtains competing Grand Prince yarlyk from Khanum Tulun Beg at Sarai Berke |
|
| 1372 | 1372-75 Renewal of war between Tver, joined with Lithuania allied with Khan Mamai, and Moscow, allied with Sarai Berke Tatars. Dmitry of Moscow concludes separatist peace with Lithuania. Pretender Khan Mamai sacks Riazan in revenge (1373) | |
| 1373 | Tulun Beg-Khanum (fem) (1370-1373) dies, Ai Beg becomes Kipchak Khan (1373 d 1376) | |
| 1373 | Dmitry of Moscow repulsed Khan Mamai punitive incursion | |
| 1374 | Black Death struck in 1374 | |
| 1375 | Kipchak Khan Ai Beg (1373 d 1376) dies, Hajji Cherkes (in Sarai Berke) becomes Khan (1375-1376) | |
| 1376 | Dmitrii Donskoi of Moscow open campaign against Kazan | |
| 1376 | Hajji Cherkes (in Sarai Berke) (1375-1376) dies, Urus-Khan becomes Kipchak Khan (1376-1378) | |
| 1377 | Khan of Ak Urdu Tokhtamysh assumes control of Kipchak Kaganate. | |
| 1378 | Urus-Khan (1376-1378) dies, Arab Shaykh (restored)(in Sarai Berke) becomes Kipchak Khan (1378-1379) | |
| 1379 | Arab Shaykh (restored)(in Sarai Berke) dies, Mamai becomes Kipchak Khan (1379-1380) | |
| 1380 | Dmitrii Donskoi of Moscow and Rus Knyazes in 1380 won a signal victory over Kipchak Army under rebelious general Mamai at Battle of Kulikovo | |
| 1380 | Tokhtamish, son of a minor Tatar prince, won fight with Mamai and ascended throne of Kipchak Kaganate. Mamai dies, Tokhtamish becomes Kipchak Khan (1380-1397) | |
| 1382 | Tokhtamish sack Moscow, restored Rus vassalage | |
| 1388 | Tamerlane (1336 - 1405) assumes title of Sultan | |
| 1393 | Tamerlane captures Baghdad and Shiraz. | |
| 1395 | Tamerlane defeated Tokhtamish, demolished Tana, Hajji-tarkhan (Astrakhan) and burnt Sarai Berke. He systematically annihilated Sarai Berke, Azov, and Kaffa. | |
| 1395 | Tamerlane, who invaded Horde's territory in 1395, destroyed Sarai Berke, and deported most of region's skilled craftsmen to Central Asia, thus depriving Horde of its technological edge over resurgent Moscovy. Ak Horde never recovered. | |
| 1395 | Tamerlane defeats Tokhtamysh. Türkish Emir Edigu takes over control of Kipchak Kaganate. | |
| 1395 | Tamerlane army invasion in Northern Caucasus, mass murder of Alanian population | |
| 1396 | Black Death struck in 1396 | |
| 1398 | Emergence of Great Nogay Horde of Ak Urdu's Temnik Nogay, inbetween Itil and Yaik rivers | |
| 1398 | After Kipchak Khan Tokhtamish (1380-1397) dies, Temur Qutlugh becomes Khan (1398-1400) | |
| 1399 | Lithuania fought and lost a major battle against Golden Horde in Crimea in 1399 | |
| 1400 | After Kipchak Khan Temur Qutlugh (1398-1400) dies, Shadi Beg becomes Kipchak Khan (1400-1407) | |
| 1400 | Tamerlane defeats Mamlukes in Syria | |
| 1402 | War between Tamerlane and Ottoman Empire. | |
| 1405 | Death of Tamerlane (1336 - 1405), Shah Rukh becomes Turkestan Khan(1405-1447) | |
| 1407 | Shadi Beg (1400-1407) dies, Pulad becomes Kipchak Khan (1407-1412) | |
| 1412 | After Kipchak Khan Pulad (1407-1412) dies, Jalal Al-Din becomes Khan (1412-1413) | |
| 1413 | After Kipchak Khan Jalal Al-Din (1412-1413) dies, Karim Berdi becomes Kipchak Khan (1413-1414) | |
| 1414 | After Kipchak Khan Karim Berdi (1413-1414) dies, Kebek becomes Kipchak Khan (1414-1417) | |
| 1417 | After Kipchak Khan Kebek (1414-1417) dies, Jabbar Berdi becomes Kipchak Khan (1417-1419) | |
| 1419 | After Kipchak Khan Jabbar Berdi dies, Ulugh Mehmed becomes Kipchak Khan (1419-1420 d 1434) | |
| 1419 | Death of Edigu. Beginning of civil war in Kipchak Kaganate | |
| 1420 | After Kipchak Khan Ulugh Mehmed dies, Devlat Berdi becomes Kipchak Khan (1420-1421) | |
| 1421 | After Kipchak Khan Devlat Berdi dies, Baraq becomes Kipchak Khan (1421-1428) | |
| 1423 | Crimean Kaganate separates from Kipchak Kaganate under Khan Mengli Girei | |
| 1423 | After Kipchak Khan Baraq dies, Kuchuk Mehmed becomes Kipchak Khan (1423(36?)-1459) | |
| 1428 | After Kipchak Khan Kuchuk Mehmed dies, Ulugh Mehmed (restored) becomes Kipchak Khan (1428-1434) | |
| 1430 | Kazan Kaganate separates from Kipchak Kaganate. | |
| 1430 | Hajji Girei formed Crimean Kaganate | |
| 1431 | Bolgar-al-Djadid (Kazan) renamed Kazan | |
| 1434 | After Kipchak Khan Ulugh Mehmed (restored) dies, Sayyid Ahmad I becomes Kipchak Khan (1434-1436) | |
| 1432 | Kipchak Khan Ulugh Mehmed's envoy enthroned Vasili II on throne of Moscow instead of Vladimir. This is last time that Tatar envoy participated in coronation of Grand Prince of Russia | |
| 1436 | Formation of Khanate of Kazan | |
| 1438 | ?... died, Ulugh Mohammed becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1438-1446 ) | |
| 1440 | Ulugh Beg (1393-1449), a preeminent astronomer and mathematician of fifteenth century, published a new star catalog, correcting many errors in Ptolemy's work | |
| 1443 | Formation of Crimean Khanate | |
| 1446 | After Kipchak Khan Ulugh Mohammed died, Mahmudek becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1446-1466) | |
| 1447 | Shah Rukh dies (1405-1447), Tamerlane grandson Ulugh Beg becomes Turkestan Khan (1447-1449) | |
| 1459 | After Kipchak Khan Sayyid Ahmad I dies, Mahmud becomes Kipchak Khan (1459-1466) | |
| 1466 | Mahmudek died, Khalil becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1466-1467 ) | |
| 1466 | After Kipchak Khan Mahmud dies, Ahmad becomes Kipchak Khan (1466-1481) | |
| 1466 | Formation of Astrakhan Khanate | |
| 1467 | Khalil died, Ibrahim becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1467-1479) | |
| 1469 | Kazan Khanate becomes a Rus vassal | |
| 1470 | Struck last bilingual Tatar-Russian coins | |
| 1479 | Ibrahim died, Ilham becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1479-1485 d. 1487 ) | |
| 1480 | Ivan III of Moscow ”liberates” Russia by refusing to pay tribute to Kipchak Khan, but continues collecting trubute taxes | |
| 1481 | Ahmad dies, Sayyid Ahmad II becomes Kipchak Khan (1481-1502) | |
| 1485 | Ilham replaced, Mohammed Amin becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1485-1486 d. 1518 ) | |
| 1486 | Mohammed Amin replaced, Ilham (restored) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1486-1487 ) | |
| 1487 | Ilham (restored) died, Mohammed Amin (restored) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1487-1496 d. 1518 ) | |
| 1490 | Kazakh Empire is established in Central Asian steppes | |
| 1496 | Mohammed Amin (restored) died, Mamuk becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1496-1497 ) | |
| 1497 | Mamuk died, Abdul-Latif becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1497-1502 ) | |
| 1501 | End of EMPIRE OF TIMUR KHAN 1369 - 1501 A.D Founder - Timur Gurgani Area - West, Balkans; North, Volga, South, Indian Ocean; East, Central Asia |
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| 1502 | Abdul-Latif died, Mohammed Amin (re-restored) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1502-1518 ) | |
| 1502 | Mengli Girei of Crimea destroyed Kipchak Kaganate capital Sarai Berke. Crimean Khanate seizes leadership of Kipchak Kaganate as a successor of Sarai Berke, starting a disintegration spiral | |
| 1502 | End of KIPCHAK KHANATE (ALTYN URDU) (GOLDEN HORDE) 1224 - 1502 A.D Founder - Batur Han Area - Eastern Europe, Western Ural Area, Crimea and area to north of Itil |
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| 1504 | Kazan Khanate threw off Rus subjugation | |
| 1518 | Mohammed Amin (re-restored) died, Shah 'Ali (see Kasimov) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1518-1521 d. 1567 ) | |
| 1521 | Shah 'Ali (see Kasimov) died, Sahib Girai becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1521-1525 ) | |
| 1525 | Sahib Girai died, Safa Girai becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1525-1532 d. 1549 ) | |
| 1526 | EMPIRE OF BABUR 1526 - 1858 A.D Founder - Babur Shah Area - Afghanistan and India (Total Area - 2,700,000 Km 2) |
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| 1532 | Safa Girai replaced by Jan 'Ali (see Kasimov) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1532-1535 ) | |
| 1535 | Jan 'Ali (see Kasimov) died, Safa Girai (restored) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1535-1546 d. 1549 ) | |
| 1546 | Shah 'Ali (restored) died, Safa Girai (re-restored) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1546-1549 ) | |
| 1546 | Safa Girai (restored) died, Shah 'Ali (restored) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1546 d. 1567 ) | |
| 1549 | Safa Girai (re-restored) died, Utemish Girai becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1549-1551 ) | |
| 1551 | Utemish Girai died, Shah 'Ali (re-restored)(see Kasimov) becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1551-1552 d. 1567 ) | |
| 1552 | Shah 'Ali (re-restored) (1551-1552 d. 1567 ) captured, Yadiger Mohammed becomes Kazan Khanate Khan (1552) | |
| 1552 | Rus Ivan IV of Moscow conquers Kazan Khanate and subjugates Türkic population. | |
| 1554 | Capture of Astrakhan Khanate by Russ and subjugation of Türkic population. Start of methodical destruction of Sarai-Batu city | |
| 1555 | Beginning of ”Friendship” treaties between Moscow and Great Nogay horde turning horde into a mercenary (Kazak) state. | |
| 1558 | Beçens (Beçen/Becen ”Peçenek”) are still living in same area in 16th c, river Kama [branch of Volga] is called Vachen, live in wilderness without house or habitation | |
| 1558 | Beginning of Russian penetration of Central Asia. | |
| 1563 | 1563-98 reign of last Shaybanid ruler of Siberian Khanate, Kuchum Khan | |
| 1571 | Crimean Tatars sack Moscow | |
| 1574 | Ivan IV (1576-1584 ) mints bilingual Tatar-Russian coins, struck at a time of no Tatar vassalage | |
| 1590 | Kazakh Empire divides into three hordes: Great Horde (east), Middle Horde (center), and Lesser Horde(west). | |
| 1650 | 1st half 17 century Balkarians and Karachais first mentioned in Russian documents. | |
| 1662 | Bashkir revolt of Sary Mergen against Russian domination (1662-1664). | |
| 1662 | Bashkir revolt of Seit against Russian domination(1681-1684). | |
| 1680 | 1680-1718 Rule of Khan Teuke over reunited Kazakh hordes | |
| 1690 | End of use in Hungary of Türkic 32 character alphabet with 4 suplemental letters a,f,h,l from Greek. | |
| 1690 | 2nd half 17 - beg. 18 century Kabardins populate plains of Alania | |
| 1704 | Bashkir revolt of Aldar and Kusüm against Russian domination (1704-1711). | |
| 1735 | Bashkir revolt of Kilmyak, Akai and Yusup against Russian domination(1735-1736). | |
| 1737 | Bashkir revolt of Tülkuchur, Bepen, Kusyap and Seit-bey against Russian domination(1737-1738). | |
| 1739 | Bashkir revolt of Karasakal, Allanziangul and Mandar against Russian domination(1739-1740). | |
| 1773 | Refer to Bashkir Encyclopedia for multiple Bashkir revolts, including Pugachev. | |
| 1775 | Rissian army destroys Sich of Zaporozhian Cossaks on an Island on Dniepr | |
| 1778 | Catherine I of Rissia deports Tatar speaking Crimean Goths to Azov area. They establish Mariupol (akin to Mariampol near Bakhchisarai) | |
| 1804 | 9 May 1804 Kabardins, Balkarians, Karachais and Ossetians battle with troops of general G. I. Glazenap on river Chegem. | |
| 1810 | Kabardins and Balkarians encounter with troops of general Bulgakov. | |
| 1822 | General A. P. Ermolov's raid in canyons of Balkaria. | |
| 1822 | 20 October 1822 Karachais battle with troops of general G. A. Emanuel at Hasauk. Karachai included in Russia. | |
| 1858 | End of EMPIRE OF BABUR 1526 - 1858 A.D Founder - Babur Shah Area - Afghanistan and India (Total Area - 2,700,000 Km 2) |
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| 1893 | B. Tomsen, dean of comparative linguistics at Cponhagen University deciphers Orkhon Inscriptions | |
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1922 |
End of OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1299 - 1922 A.D Founder - Osman Bey Area - Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea were for a time Türkish Lakes. (Total Area - 20,000,000 Km 2) |
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