| DATELINE |
| Time |
Events |
| 601 |
Byzantians defeat Avars |
| 601 |
Th. Simokattes: Priskos, Byzantine general, defeated Avars
in Banat and collected 9.000 prisoners, 3000 Avars, 800 Slavs, 3200 Gepidae,
and 2.000 “barbarians” |
| 602 |
Byzantium general Priscus defeats Avars. Bayan (c.
565-602) dies. Next Khan rules (602-630). |
| 602 |
HAZAR KHAGANATE
602-1016 A.D
Founder - no historical data for founder, its greatest
ruler was Hakan Yusuf.
Area
- Hazars separated from Goktürks and formed a state from Caucasian Mntns to
Danube and N. Pontic area |
| 603 |
Tardu Khan (7) dies in 603, his grandson Buri-Shad
(13/14/15) becomes Khan of partitioned Western Goktürk Kaganate, controlling
westernmost part. Chulo (10) controls eastern part. |
| 603 |
Kushans rebel against Iran with help from Goktürks.
Tocharistan separates from Iran |
| 604 |
Rebellious Tele in basin of Selenga area pacified, but
Djungaria and basin of Tarim did not return to Eastern Goktürk Kaganate. |
| 604 |
New dynasty treat carefully descendants of Tobases
(Syanbinians). Assimilated Syanbinians live along Great Wall from Khebey to
Chanan. There were many large landowners and professional military pushed
from power by Chinese landowners who took power. |
| 604 |
Kara Churin Türk Boke Khan (7) dies, Goktürk Kaganate
split into West and East. Tuli (Jangar) (18) becomes Khan of Eastern Goktürk
Kaganate, Taman (28) becomes Khan of Western Goktürk Kaganate (604-610). |
| 604 |
Nominally Djungaria and basin of Tarim entered Western
Goktürk Kaganate. However Kibi on northern slopes of East Tian-Shan and
Seyanto on S. Slopes of Altain-Nuru crest fought western Goktürks for 2 years
(605-606) and gained freedom. |
| 605 |
Kidanes revolt against Goktürk suppression |
| 606 |
New state was created in Djungaria, under Kibi leadership,
with a vast territory and including settled population necessary for nomadic
state, in oasises Karashar, Turfan and Khami. Kibi's Prince Gelen took title
Mokhe-Khan. |
| 606 |
Leader of Seyantos Ishibo subordinated to Gelen but
retained control over his tribe. State was likely a tribal union. |
| 607 |
Order about outlawing a free trade of Chinese with
Goktürks |
| 608 |
Wars between Tele and Goktürks of Western Kaganate end. |
| 608 |
Troops of Empire Suy attack Togon and destroy it. |
| 608 |
Jangar Khan (Tuli) (18) (-608) died, his son, Shad Dugi,
becomes Khan of East Goktürk Kaganate in vassalage of Empire Tan, under name
Shibir (Shipi) Khan (25) (609-620). |
| 609 |
Troops of Empire Suy attack Tele and Western Goktürk
Kaganate |
| 610 |
610-620 Avar Slavs raided Thessalia, Hellas, Aegean
Islands, Achaia, and Epirus |
| 610 |
Marquart: Leader of Unugurs (Unogundurs) Organa (aka Grad), founder
of Bulgarian Dynasty Dulo, uncle of Kubrat Dulo, related to Ashina by female
line, of most-western ulus, is baptized in Constantinople. Kubrat is not
baptized. Notably, the tribal symbols of the Dulo clan of the Bulgars and the Qayn
(Kayı) tribe of the Oguzes are the same |
 |
| 610 |
Future Sibir-Khan (14), Mokhodu, of most western ulus is
baptized in Constantinople. This starts his fight with Buri Shad (34) (610-618)
and Tardu Yabgu (Tun-djabgu) (23) (618-630). Kubrat is not baptized. |
| 610 |
Taman Yabgu (28) dies, Buri Shad Yabgu (34) becomes Khan
of Western Goktürk Kaganate (610-618). Chulo (26) = anti-Khan (610-611). |
| 615 |
Tobases living along northern border of Western Wey
stopped being Tobases long ago, but did not become Chinese yet. They are
equally distanced from steppes and China, and equally close to both. Goktürks
called them Tabgach. |
| 615 |
In time of revolt Tabgaches participated because of
warlike ancestry, but acted aimlessly, because lost organization and unity. |
| 617 |
617(?) A defeat from Byzantines resulted in deterioration
of situation for Avar’s Khakan. Alburi killed at court of Avar’s Khakan. |
| 617 |
Shi Wey, along with Kidan, Togon and Gaochan submitted to
Shibir Khan Kagan (25). |
| 618 |
Buri Shad Yabgu (34) dies, Tung Yabgu (23) becomes Khan of
Western Goktürk Kaganate (618-630). |
| 618 |
Bu-Yurgan refused to be elected Baltavar, saying, that he
will be a bolyar, i.e. a cleric. On his advice, Kara Bulgars elected Alburi’s
senior son Kurbat a Baltavar |
| 619 |
Kubrat allies with Byzantium against Avars. |
| 619 |
Both Tele leaders, Kibi's Mokhe-Khan and Seyanto's Inan,
subordinate to Tung Yabguu Khan = Yabgu of Shenuy. Djungaria returned to
Western Goktürk Kaganate. |
| 619 |
Sirs are controlled by Tung Yabgu Khan directly. |
| 619 |
Baptism of ”Hunnish Khan” in Constantinopole.
Avars reach Constantinopole. |
| 619 |
China breakes union with Goktürks. Capture of Khesi. Lyan
Shi-du and Lyu U-Chjou invade N China with Goktürkic support |
| 620 |
Shambat, younger brother of Baltavar Kubrat, on Kubrat
order, builds in aul Askal on mountains Kuyantau city-fortress named Bashtu,
present Kiev. Other names Askal, Kuk-Kuyan, Shambat, Kyi. |
| 620 |
Shibir Kagan (25) (609-620) dies, Kat Il Khan (27)
becomes Khan of Eastern Goktürk Kaganate, free from vassalage of empire
(620-630). |
| 620 |
In 200 years descendants of Syanbinians assimilated in
Tibet. Tsenpo was an inherited position, he received income from lands,
taxes, tributes, confiscations and executions. But he could be dismissed at
any time because he did not have support or real pow |
| 620 |
Tibet army was under a special advisor. Tsenpo Nimry
(570-620). In following history there is no Syanbinian role, |
| 620 |
Avarian retreat from Constantinople |
| 622 |
The Hijra. Start of Islam as a world event |
| 622 |
Union of Lu Shey-da with Goktürks |
| 623 |
Several successfull uprisings of Slavic tribes against
Avars are recorded, for example revolt of Vends in 623. |
| 623 |
Avars reigned over a vast territory between Alps, Adriatic
Sea and Black Sea |
| 623 |
Shambat starts war against Avars, with Ulchis (Slavs) and
Ugrs. Shambat captures Pannonia and calls his ulus Duloba (623-658). Baltavar
Kubrat calls him Kyi (Separated). Shambat drove masses of Slavs from his western wing to Balkans,
they settled in Transylvania, leaving there place names and vojvoda administrative system that later
continued under Hungarian rule. |
| 623 |
Slavs attacked Crete |
| 623 |
Byzantine authors recorded ethnic composition of Avar
Empire as Avars, Gepids, and Slavs |
| 623 |
Birth of Samo state, first political formation of Slavs,
first mentioned in writing in 623 |
| 625 |
Exchange of embassies between Byzantium and Western
Goktürkic Kaganate |
| 626 |
(Onogur?) Bulgars live in Trans-Caucasus on right bank of
Kuban' to Don Different fr and rival to Khazars |
| 626 |
Avars controlled all Kuturgur Hun lands Uturgur (Onogur?)
Bulgars did not participate in Khazars' war raids into Caucasus Uturgur
(Onogur?) Bulgars guarded western border of Western Kaganate Uturgur
(Onogur?) Bulgars are allied with Tele (Dulu). |
| 626 |
W. Goktürk Kaganate campaign against Sasanian Persia in
Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bulgars |
| 626 |
Khazars and (Onogur?) Bulgars confederated (voluntarily, not
conquered) into W. Goktürk Kaganate. Khazars supply military contingents and
participate in division of captured wealth. Bulgars man western border with
Avars and don't benefit from captured we |
| 626 |
Kubrat proclaims independence from W. Goktürk Kaganate
and assumes title of Kagan. |
| 626 |
While Heraclius with W, Goktürk Kaganates fights Persians
in Caucasus, Persians with Avars attack Constantinople. Avars retreat with
heavy losses and in disgrace. Kubrat suggests sucking Avar Kagan and
replacing him. End of Avar-Persian union. |
| 626 |
Khazars ally with Byzantine under Emperor Heraclius
(626-630) |
| 626 |
Li Shi-min coup. Peace with Goktürks at river Vey |
| 626 |
Greeks and Goktürks seige Tbilisi |
| 626 |
Avars suffered a crushing defeat at Constantinople in 626 |
| 627 |
Seyanto tribe and Djungaria left Western Goktürk Kaganate
and joined Eastern Goktürk Kaganate Kat Il Khan |
| 627 |
Chinese embassy to Tun-Yabgu Khan stopped by Kat Il Khan |
| 627 |
Seyanto and Uygurs, both Tele tribes, help each other in
Goktürk Kaganate. Seyanto's Inan and Uygur's Pusa support each other. |
| 627 |
Series of revolts against Avars start among subjugated
tribes. Uprising of western Slavs, led by Samo, a Frankish merchant, resulted
in founding of a Slavic state on territory of present-day Czech Republic and
Slovakia. |
| 627 |
Avars and Perians beseige Contantinopole |
| 628 |
Khazars capture Tbilisi |
| 628 |
Seyanto tribe with 70K yurts gains independence. |
| 629 |
Chinese take fortress May in Ordos. Counterattack by
Goktürks on all fronts. Srontsangambo enthroned in Tibet |
| 630 |
Bulgars/Barsils are incorporated into elite of W. Goktürk
Kaganate horde. |
| 630 |
Great
Bulgaria north of Black Sea under Kubrat (630-660) |
| 630 |
End of rule of Khazars by Goktürk W Kaganate |
| 630 |
Seyanto pursue Goktürk Chebi Khan who finds refuge in
Altai valley with 30K army. |
| 630 |
Avars treat Bulgars/Barsils badly as conquered people.
Western Bulgars/Kuturgurs move to Bavaria, and are annihilated by Frankish
king Dagober. Eastern Bulgars/Kuturgurs joint with Bulgars/Uturgur |
| 630 |
Avar Kagan (602-630) dies. Next Khan rules (630-?). |
| 630 |
Sibir-Khan (14) recognized independence of Bulgaria under
Kubrat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine line. |
| 630 |
Karluks rebel, Tung Yabgu (23) dies, W. Goktürk Kaganate
split, SW and NE. SW run by Nushibis, under Irbis Bolun Yabgu (31) (631-631),
installed by Nishu Khan Shad (32), son of Baga Shad (24). NE run by Tele
(Dulu), under Sibir Khan Yabgu (14) (630-631). |
| 630 |
Chinese Tang defeat Eastern Goktürkic and occupy Eastern
Goktürkic Khanate (Mongolia). Kat Il Khan (27) taken prisoner by Tang army,
Eastern Goktürk Kaganate is ruled by Tang Empire for 50 years (630-682) |
| 630 |
630-640 Chinese subdue Tarim Basin |
| 630 |
Türks of Ordos become known as Gok Türks (Blue Türks),
different from their northern neighbors - Tele |
| 630 |
80 K Chinese living with Goktürks are captured |
| 630 |
Tardu Tong Yabgu of Western Goktürk Kaganate (619-630),
per Chinese chronicle Tanshu, subjugated Toleses between rivers Orkhon and
Tola, and Lake Aral, Iranians, advanced to Khandagar in south. His army has
hundreds of thousands of good bow-shooters. |
| 630 |
W. Goktürks invade Armenia and defeat Persians. W.
Goktürks clear S Caucasus |
| 630 |
Xuanzang visits court of W. Türk kaghan Tung Yabghu near
Lake Issyk-Kul |
| 631 |
Seyanto tribe keeps independence. |
| 631 |
Seyanto under China = 70K wagons |
| 631 |
Uygur leader Tumidu, heir of Pusa, defeated Seyantos and
seized their ranges. Emperor Taitszun sent an embassy to Seyanto leader Inan
and recognized him as Khan, as a counterweight to Uygurs. Uygurs subordinated
and recognized new Khan. |
| 631 |
Seyanto state organized like Türk's. Khan's sons are
Shads, leading Tolos (North) and Tardush (South). Army numbered 200K lances,
smaller than was 1,000K of Gokürks' Shibir Khan. |
| 631 |
Seyanto state successfully controlled all Türkic leaders
except for Ordos Türks under Chinese protection. Some Ordos Türks move north
into Seyanto state. |
| 631 |
Irbis Bolun Yabgu (31) replaced by Nishu Khan Shad (32) as
Dulu Khan (631-634). Sibir Khan Yabgu (14) killed. W. Goktürk Kaganate
reunited. |
| 631 |
New Seyanto state spread from Altai to Khingan and from
Gobi desert to Baikal. |
| 631 |
Kutugur's rebelion against Avars and defeat of Kutugurs by
Avars |
| 631 |
Samo Slavs in 631 beat Frank Army of King Dagobert near
Vogatisburg and gain their independence from Franks and Avars |
| 631/632 (630) |
War of Dagobert I with the predominantly Slavic
Samo (i.e.
Shambat)
state in territory of present Czechia and Croatia (in territory of
Southern Poland and Northern Moravia and from about 631 in the lands of Lujitan
Serbs of Prince Dervan). War began after Slavs robbed Frankish merchants and negotiations failed. In addition to the main army consisting
of Austrazians, in Frankish campaign participated Alemans and Langobards, who were devastating Slavic
lands. The main Frankish army advanced from Metz along Main, got stuck besieging Vogastiburg, (probably hill Rubin at
Jatts in
Czech territory) where Frankish army after
three-day battle was crushed. Then Slavs started devastating attacks on the Franks'
state and the lands of its vassals. |
| 632 |
Seyanto gave a blow from behind. Ashina Chuni, loyal to
traditions of Eastern Kaganate, raised his army against Seyanto. He had 50K
army without success. |
| 632 |
Yishbara Tolis Shad (33) is not trying to re-subjugate
Bulgars |
| 632 |
Kipchaks are not in 10 arrows of Western Kaganate |
| 633 |
Kubrat unites Bulgar Kuturgur and Uturgur tribes and
liberated from W. Goktürk Kaganate. |
| 633 |
Kubrat organizes state, 2nd=kavkhan, 3rd=lchirguboyl ?? |
| 634 |
Seyanto tribe with 70K wagons keeps independence. |
| 634 |
Dulu Khan (32) (631-634) dies, his younger brother Tong
Shad becomes Yabgu as Yshbara Tolis-Shad Yabgu (634-639). |
| 635 |
Kubrat escaped dominance of Goktürks and Khazars, by
supporting Sibir-Khan in 630. He became independent, defeated Avars.
Controlled near- Black Sea steppes |
| 635 |
Kubrat sent embassy to Constantinople and received title
of Patrician. Kubrat's Bulgaria joins Byzantium as Federatae. Byzantium
becomes a bordering state with Khazaria of W. Goktürk Kaganate, controlling
former Khazar territories. |
| 635 |
In W Goktürk Kaganate nations that did not receive
autonomy were Karluks, Yagma (YanNyan), Kipchaks, Basmals, and Hun (Dulu)
tribes Chue, Chumi and Shato |
| 635 |
Yshbara Tolis-Shad Yabgu reorganizes W. Goktürk Kaganate
into 10-arrow Goktürks, of 5 Nushibi and 5 Tele (Dulu) tribal leaders,
recognizing them as Shads (blood prince). |
| 636 |
Bulgaria hostile with Khazars of W. Goktürk Kaganate on
East, with Avars on West, with Byzantium on South. |
| 636 |
NE of Western Goktürk Kaganate controlled by Tele Khan
Tong Shad Yabgu, who attempts to unite W. and E. Goktürk Kaganates. |
| 639 |
Seyanto ally with Gaochan in defense of Gaochan from
aggression of Empire Tan. Gaochan is attacked and occupied. |
| 639 |
Yishbara Tolis Shad (33) died, then (42), then cousin
Bagadur, title = Irbis Yshbara Yabguu Khan (37) |
| 639 |
Capital of 'South Horde' at Chu & Ili |
| 641 |
Türks in service of Tan Empire are moved to north bank of
Khuankhe and serve as a barrier against Seyanto. |
| 641 |
Seyanto Khan Inan organized expedition against restored
Goktürk vassal Kaganate on north bank of Khuankhe. Seyanto army demolished
80%. |
| 641 |
Kipchaks have 100K people, 40K army, 90 K horses |
| 641 |
Irbis Yshbara Yabgu Khan executed (37), his brother
Yugu-Ukuk (38) selected Khan of Western Goktürk Kaganate (641-651) |
| 641 |
Kipchak on Altai subordinated to Khan Ükuk Yabgu, |
| 641 |
Boma on Enisey subordinated to Khan Ükuk Yabgu. |
| 642 |
Kubrat died in 642, the second year of the reign of the Emperor Constans II (Constantine III)
(641-668). Both Theophanes and Nicephorus tell of him
leaving behind five sons who separated despite his admonition. Date is
inconsistent with Asparukh appearing on Danube only in 679.
|
| 642 |
First Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman |
| 642 |
Imperial Chinese garrison in Khami deafeats W Goktürks of
Irbis Dulu Khan |
| 645 |
Seyanto Khan Inan died. |
| 646 |
Remains of Seyanto Horde loose to Empire Tan army and are
dispersed. Uygurs fought Seyanto with Empire Tan and become loyal subjects
and fight in all wars for Empire. |
| 646 |
Seyanto Khanate was destroyed by Empire and their allies
Uygurs, people were mercilessly wiped out. Remains of Seyanto dispersed by
slopes of Beyshan, and joined Goktürks. |
| 646 |
Empire Tan breakes relations with W Goktürkic Kaganate |
| 649 |
Türk Chebi Khan horde is resettled in East Khanganate
vacated by Seyanto. |
| 650 |
Irbis becomes first Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate (650?-….). |
| 650 |
Kipchaks move to Upper Irtysh and E. Kazakhstan steppes
under pressure from China and Uygurs |
| 650 |
Langobards conclude conquest of whole Italia, excluding
Ravenna, South Italia and Sicilia. |
| 650 |
In village Nagi Szent Miklos in Hungary is found famous
treasure, 23 golden cups with Türkic inscriptions, dated by Avar period (c
650) |
| 650 |
Migration of Bulgars to middle Itil, attested to by burial
sites in Shilovka and Brusyany. Burials are of Türkic nobility with complex
rites and rich implements. |
| 651 |
With loss of W.Goktürk Kaganate rule, former confedrate
Khazaria with attached Bulgar Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs and Itil Bulgars gain
independence. Khazars keep Kagan from Ashina dynasty. |
| 651 |
Defeat of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in
Euthrates battle. |
| 651 |
W. Goktürks take Tinchjou (Bishbalyk = Head City) |
| 652 |
End of first Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al
Rahman |
| 653 |
Ükuk (38) died, son Chjenchu (39) (653-659) |
| 655 |
Khazars allied with Alans. |
| 656 |
Murder of Calif Osman. Civil war in Califate. |
| 656 |
Founded Khazarian state |
| 656 |
Advance of Chinese inperians against W Goktürkic Kaganate.
Rebelion of Baiyrku, Sige, Bugu and Tonra against Empire Tan. Sogdiana
occupied by Chinese (657-700) |
| 658 |
Great
Bulgaria, Baltavar Kubrat's state, is divided into 2 uluses, Western Kara
Bulgar and Eastern Ak Bulgar Yorty, separated by river Shir (Don). |
| 658 |
Kara
Bulgar extended from estuary of (Danube) to Shir (Don). Ak Bulgar Yorty
extended from Shir (Don) to estuary of Itil (Volga). Border went by river
Aksu, including aul Kharka (current Kharkov). Bulyar was included as
semi-autonomous beylik. |
| 658 |
Great
Bulgaria's capital Bandja, renamed fron Onoguria (Gr. Phanagoria). Summer
stan is Khorysdan or Batavyl ( Lord's stan), present Putivl. In between are
two more stans, Tiganak and Baltavar, present Poltava. |
| 658 |
Shambat (Samo) retreats back to Bashtu (Kyiv), submits to Kurbat. Shambat left behind in the territory of Samo kingdom
his Slavic subordinates, divided into Vijvodsvos. |
 |
| 659 |
Tang defeat last rulers of first Goktürkic empire.
Chjenchu (39) executed, end of dynasty. Western Goktürkic Kaganate ceased to
exist forever. Yshbara Khan died |
| 660 |
Khan Kubrat Dulo (24) (618-660) died, is buried 13 km from
Baltavar, present Poltava, burial excavated in 1912, no anthropological,
forensic examination. |
| 660 |
Kubrat's 1st son Bayan (Batbayan) is elected Baltavr and
remains in Great Bulgaria, confederated with Khazars |
| 660 |
Kubrat's 2nd son Kotrag resettled his Kuturgurs (Kotrags)
West of Don, and in 730-740 they spread to E. Azov area to join Kuban
Bulgars. Kotrag domain consisted of groups Barsula, Eskel (Esegel/Askal/Iskil/Sekels/Szekely/Szekely-ek/Scyth; S'k'l'/Skydy/Scyth - M.Z.) and Bulkar
(Bulgar). |
| 660 |
Kubrat's 3rd son, Atilkese, nicknamed Asparukh (Khan
Asparukh) heads Onogurs (Utigurs) |
| 660 |
Agvanian Djevanshir defeats Khazars |
| 662 |
Tibetians penetrate Western region to support rebelling
Türks |
| 662 |
Arabs fight Khazars for Derbent |
| 663 |
Dismemberment of Great Bulgaria - Divided up among
Kubrat's five sons, third of which was Asparukh, Khan of Utiguri. |
| 665 |
With death of Prince Samo first Slavic state is
re-intrgrated into Avar Kaganate in 665 |
| 665 |
Kutlug (56) restores E. Goktürk Kaganate, becomes Elteres
Kagan (665-691). |
| 667 |
150K Kumans, Turkmens, Gok-Oguses and Kyrgises,
confederated with Khazars, cross Itil from the east. Shambat and Asparukh
battle Khazars, loose and flee to Bashtu, present Kiev. |
| 667 |
Arabs defeat Peroz, last Sassanian shah, and cross Oxus
River (Amu Darya) for the first time |
| 668 |
Peace treaty between Khazars' Kagan Kaban and Kara
Bulgar's Baltavar Bat-Boyan. Kara Bulgar is subordnated to Khazar. |
| 669 |
Split of Kara Bulgar into W. and E. of Dniepr. West is
controlled by Shambat and Asparukh, and East, including Bulyar, by Baltavar
Bat-Boyan |
| 670 |
Bat-Boyan Bulgars are defeated by Khazars. Khazars recover
territory with east Bulgar (Utugur) and Alan populations. |
| 670 |
Khazars under Alp-Ilitver defeat Bulgars |
| 671 |
Large Horde of Kubrat's 3rd son, Atilkese, nicknamed
Asparukh, after death of Shambat in 670, moved west with Onogurs (Utigurs)
and some Turkmen (Byzantian historians call them Bolgars from now on), to
Danube and Pannonia district Kashan, between rivers B |
| 673 |
Arab raids to Bukhara, across Oxus River |
| 675 |
Bulgars arrive on Danube under Asparukh |
| 678 |
Kubrat's 4th son Kuber (Ultzindur?) (Balkor?) moved from S
of Crimea his Ultzindurs and Ultzingurs of Hunnish stock to Pannonia under
Avars (678-679) |
| 678 |
Kubrat's 5th son Emnetzur (Altsek) moved his Alciagirs,
Alcildzurs and Alpidzurs from Crimea to Italy under Byzantines, to duchy of
Benevetto/Abruzi region, Pentapolis at Ravenna. |
| 679 |
Byzantine's Constantine IV attacks Asparukh Bulgars.
Bulgars retaliate, take Scythia and lower Moesia, Pliska becomes Khans' new
headquarters. |
| 679 |
Chuvash may be descendants of Utugur Bulgars and
Volgo-Kama Bulgars. Tatars may be descendants of Utugur Bulgars and
Volgo-Kama Bulgars. |
| 679 |
Territorially, Bulgar's split is along Kutugur/Utugur
uluses, with Kutugurs independent of Avar and W. Goktürk Kaganates, and
Utugurs remaining in W. Goktürk Kaganate sphere. |
| 679 |
Kubrat's Bulgaria is split into independent (Byzantium
Federatae) west Khanate under Asparukh, controlling from Donets on East to
Danube on West, and Eastern Ak Bulgar Yorty, subject to Khazar Kagan from
Itil to Donets, with capital Onogoria (Gr. Phanago |
| 679 |
Kipchaks restored Goktürk Kaganate, second component =
Sirs, descendants of Seyanto, became 'Kok Goktürk' = Blue Türks, known as Kipchaks from that time |
| 679 |
Revolt Against Tan Empire |
| 679 |
Asparukh Bulgars defeat Byzantine troops and invade Thrace |
| 680 |
Asparukh Kaganate includes Slavs. Asparukh Kaganate
spreads into Dobrudja south of Danube. |
| 680 |
Asparukh 680 treaty with Slavs recognizes their
self-government and territory. Slav princes participate in people assembly
along with Bulgarian nobles. state administration consists of a Khan and 12
Great Boyls. |
| 680 |
Slav's obligation to Bulgars is to pay tribute and supply
military contingents. state capital established in Pliska in Moesia. |
| 680 |
Empire of Avars peaked at end of 7th century (680 AD),
after devision of Kubrat Bulgaria between Avars and Khazars, when it reached
from Volga to Danube |
| 680 |
In Avaria, men were laid down in tombs with their horses,
arms, and horse-trappings. Tomb objects are characterized by geometrical
ornaments pressed upon a print, with a certain degree of Byzantine influence |
| 680 |
Arab raids to Khwarizm, Samarkand |
| 682 |
Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes ”Kingdom
of Huns” (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and
Tangri cult of Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur = Utigur
Bulgars, subordinated to Khazars. |
|
681 |
In autumn Byzantium's Justinian II Cut-nose (685-695 d. 711) had to conclude
peace treaty with Khan Asparukh's (681-702) Bulgarians, officially recognizing
detachment of Moesia from empire and agreeing to pay annual tribute to Bulgars (?
how much?). |
| 682 |
Kutlug is proclamed Kagan, title Ilterish (Country
Creator) and oranized a second Khanate, appointing his brother Kapagan as
Shad, and another brother Tosifu as Yabgy |
| 683 |
Successful Türkic rebellion led by Kutlug Ilterish (56)
and Tonyukuk, restoration of Türkic Goktürk Kaganate |
| 683 |
Khazar raid to Armenia |
| 684 |
Khazar raid to Cis-Causasus |
| 685 |
Kuber, a high Bulgar official in Avar Kaganate, entered Balkans with his tribal
followers and settled in Macedonia
(kübar (Azeri) noble, magnate, aristocrat, grandee, elite, compare Kubar
rebellion and Magyar migration with Almush Arpad) |
| 688 |
Greek occupation of Cis-Causasus |
| 689 |
Otuz-Tatars are hostile to Kutlug Khan state |
| 690 |
Bulgar Khan Bat-Boyan (660-690) dies, succeeded by his son
Bu-Timer (690-700) in vassalage of Khazars |
| 691 |
Kutlug Khan (56) (682-691) died, succeeded by his brother
Mochur (Bak-chor) (Mochjo) (Mochur) (57) (691-716) as Kapagan Khan. |
| 692 |
Boma live N. of Kyrgyz Khanate |
| 692 |
Kutlug Khan subordinated Khalka |
| 692 |
Kipchaks mixed with Kangar (Besenyos, Russ. 'Pecheneg')
between Black Irtysh and Syr-Darya in Desht-i-Kipchak |
| 694 |
Embassy from Kurykans arrived to China. Rebellion of
Ashina Suytsy and his alliance with Tibetians. Chinese imperial troops crush
Tibetians, Turgeshes and W Goktürks |
| 700 |
Khazars are frequently allied with Huns of North Caucasus.
Alp Elteber of Huns of North Caucasus is a vassal of Khazars. Huns capital
city is Varachan (late 10 c). |
| 700 |
Tatars lived north of Tatabs and Kara-Kibi, on Kerulen
tributary of Amur river, in those times mostly engaged in fishing. |
| 700 |
Oguz tribe federation relocates in great numbers from
Orkhon area to vicinity of Talas, then to Syr Darya. Oguz dialect separates
from Eastern Türkic, and by 11th century Oguz language of Syr Darya differs
from Eastern Türkic in lexicon and pronounciation |
| 701 |
Khan Asparukh (679-701) of Danube Bulgaria dies, his son
or grandson Terval (702-718) succeeds him |
| 703 |
Busir (Ibousir-Glavan) becomes Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate
(703?-….). |
| 703 |
Khazar royal princess ….. marries Bysantine emperror
Justinian II to become Empress Theodora. |
| 704 |
Ashina Khayn subjugated Semirechye for Empire Tan. Shato
subdued without fight. Western Goktürks are subjugated, and Karluks, Huvu and
Shunishes accede |
| 705 |
Khan of Danube Bulgaria Tervel (702-718) aids Justinian II (705-711 restored)
in regaining his control of Constantinople after a rebellion. Afterwards, Terval
is crowned ”Caesar”. Under new treaty Bulgaria received region of Zagora
in Eastern Thrace south of Balkan range |
| 705 |
Beginning of systematic Arab conquest of Transoxania.
Qutaiba ben Muslim becomes Governor of Khurasan |
| 706 |
Chinese break negociations with Goktürks |
| 708 |
Chinese built three fortresses north of Huanhe against
Goktürks |
| 709 |
709 Arabs capture Bukhara and Samarkand. 711 Arabs capture
Khiva. 712 Arabs subdue Khwarezm and recapture Samarkand. 713 Arabs sack
Kashgar. |
| 711 |
Khazars help to install Phillipicus as a Byzantine Emperor |
| 711 |
Goktürks suppress rebelion of Turgeshes. Divisions in
Khorezm |
| 712 |
When Justinian II (705-711 restored) marched on Zagora in an attempt to
recapture it, Khan-Caesar Tervel (702-718), after leaving Justinian II to his
doom, sees fit to avenge his death by raiding and looting southern Thrace.
Tervel reached walls of Constantinople. |
| 712 |
Kuteyba subjugates Khorezm and takes Samakand. Emperor
appoints Mohedo Tutuk a ruler of Samakand |
| 713 |
Episcopal list of the 'eparchy of Gothia' (eparcia GotqiaV), contained in the
so-called 'Notitia of the Isaurians,' provides for a 'Bishop of the Onogurs' (episkopo
Onogourwn), missionary suffragan of Crimean Gothic Metropolitan.
|
| 713 |
Arab embassy to China |
| 714 |
Chinese, under emperor T'ai-tsong, defeat Goktürks at Lake
Issyk-Kul. |
| 714 |
Khazars loose Derbent to Arabs |
| 714 |
Trurks are defeated at Byshbalyk. Shato subordinate to
Empire Tan |
| 715 |
Chinese beat back Goktürkic attacks on Beytin, and Arabs
and Tibetians on Fergana 716 Luchen is taken from Kidanes. Turgeshes rebel
against Empire and defeat Chinese and Karluks |
| 715 |
Ases, and then Yasygs, are cruelly suppressed by Kapagan Kagan |
| 716 |
Mochur (Bak-chor) (57) (691-716) Qapagan Khan died, after
defeating Bayirku of upper Kerulen but killed on return trip. He was
succeeded by Mogilyan (Mokilien) (63) (716-734), elder brother of Kul-tegin,
installed by Kul-tegin. Peak of second Goktürk empire (716-734) |
|
716 |
Peace treaty placed border between Khan Tervel's (702-718) Danube Bulgaria and
Theodosius III's (715-717) Byzantium in Thrace, and Bulgaria kept region of
Zagora. Byzantium had to pay annual tribute to Bulgars (?
how much?) |
| 718 |
Danube Bulgars under Khan Tervel as federats of Byzantium
defeat Arab invasion and save Byzantium. Khan-Caesar Terval (26) (702-718)
dies, ?.. becomes Khan (718-725). |
| 718 |
Orkhon Inscriptions on Tonyukuk slella are created,
describing events and providing Türkic perspective. Inscriptions are
bilingual, in Kipchak language in Türkic alphabet, and in Chinese language in
Chinese characters. Sources |
| 718 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. |
| 720 |
Goktürks' victory over Chinese imperians. Kashmirian Radj
is given title Van |
| 722 |
Second Khazar - Arab war (722-737) First campaign of
Arabian troops led by Zh. Jirrah in Northern Caucasus against Alans and
Khazars |
| 722 |
Son of Türk Bilge Kagan, Tengru Khan, has 300K army |
| 723 |
Khazars lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar |
| 723 |
Start of massive Jewish emmigration to Khazaria (723-944) |
| 724 |
In Avaria, after about 40 years, i.e., after 720 AD, figures
of plants and animals were used more frequently, were cast and decorated. New
art shows Türkic Asian features, probably a new population coming from east
took place of earlier one |
| 724 |
Second Jirrah's campaign in Northern Caucasus. |
| 725 |
Danube Bulgar Khan ..?. (718-725) dies, end of Dulo
dynasty. Sevar becomes Khan (725-740). Danube Bulgar Khanate expands. |
| 727 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Muslam's raid against Khazars |
| 730 |
Khazar's Barjik leads 300K army to raid Azerbaijan
(Albania?). At Arbadil, Khazars defeat entire Arab army. |
| 732 |
Orkhon Inscriptions on Kul Tegin slella with a large and
small inscriptions, and on Tonyukuk slella. Inscriptions are bilingual, in
Kipchak language in Türkic alphabet, and in Chinese language in Chinese
characters. Sources |
| 732 |
Otuz-Tatars moved from Goktürks to Amur-area taiga. |
| 732 |
Khazar princess Chichek marries Bysantine emperror
Constantine V to become Empress Irene. |
| 734 |
Mogilyan Khan (63) poisoned, his son Yollyg-Tegin (Yijan)
(65) died, his brother Bilge Kutlug Khan (66) succeeded as Tengri Kagan (66)
(734-741). |
| 735 |
Fubin annulled statuary. Chinese and foreign (Syanbinian)
stratification was fixed and joining Chinese people was impossible. This
started a new ethnical substrate. All non-Chinese could only join border
army, hated by Chinese element. |
| 735 |
Campaign of Arabian military leader Mervan Kru in Alania.
Alan king Itaz. |
| 737 |
Arabs force conversion to Islam. …... becomes first Kagan
of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam for political reasons (703?-….). |
| 737 |
Khazars loose Samandar to Arabs, move capital to Itil. |
| 737 |
Goktürks attack Kucha |
| 740 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Sevar (725-740) dies, Kormisos
becomes Khan (740-756) |
| 740 |
Ashina Sin is appointed a ruler of ten tribes, sent west
and killed. After his death Dumochji, Yabgu of three tribes is appointed
Dumochji, Yabgu of three tribes |
| 740 |
UYGUR EMPIRE
740 - 1335 A.D
Founder - Kutlug Bilgekul Khan (Bilge Kutlug Tengri Khan)
Area
- Central Asia and Northern Mongolia |
| 743 |
END OF GOKTÜRK EMPIRE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area
- From Black Sea across Asia along northern borders of Mongolia and China
almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total
Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 744 |
Ozmysh Kagan (68) (742-743) killed by Basmils. Basmils
failed to take control of E. Goktürk Kaganate, and Uygurs, with Karluk help,
set Kuli Peilo Khan as Kutlug Bilga Kagan (11) (Tengrida Bolmish El, Qutluq
Bilge Qaghan) (742 - 747). Creation of Uygur |
| 744 |
Uygurs substituted one Türkic people for another, closely
related, for hegemony of Mongolia, in the next century (744-840) |
| 747 |
Khan Marduan of Daghestani Bulgars, Burjans, build a small
wooden city, named city Marduan. Khazars called it Mardukan. Present Bulgar
(Great Bulgar) |
| 747 |
Tatars lose a battle to Uygurs N-W of Selenga. Tatars were
caught at Keyre spring and river Tri- birkyu, and lost half of army. |
| 747 |
Ay Tengrida Qut Bolmish, Tutmish Bilge Qaghan (11) dies.
Bayanchur (12) (747 -759). |
| 747 |
Created Shine-usu, Terkhin and Tes inscriptions.
Inscriptions are in Old Uygur?? language in Türkic alphabet. Kagan Bayanchur
(747-759) relates 6-th c events with ”QSR=QASAR”. Sources |
| 750 |
Bulgars live along north-western shore of Caspian Sea |
| 750 |
After living as neighbors of Chuvash people for over 1,000
years, a part of Hungarians moved south to ”Levedia” in
approximately 750 AD, while others remained between Itil River and Ural
Mountains |
| 750 |
Kengeres/Pecheneg/Kangar/Besenyos living west of Uygurs
and are hostile with them |
| 751 |
Defeat of Chinese armies at Talas river by a combined
forces of Goktürks, Arabs and Tibetans. End of Chinese control over
Turkestan. Paper starts spreading to Arabs and on to Europe |
| 752 |
Tatars lived on eastern border of Uygyria. |
| 753 |
Ilmish Kutlug Khan is Kara Khan of Goktürks |
| 755 |
Constantine V (son of Leo III) builds a chain of forts
along Bulgarian border. War begins between Danube Bulgars and Byzantines.
After initial success, Bulgars are defeated. |
| 755 |
Created Orkhon Inscription on Mogilyan Bilge Khan slella.
Inscriptions are bilingual, in Kipchak language in Türkic alphabet, and in
Chinese language in Chinese characters. Sources |
| 756 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Kormisos (740-756) dies, Vinekh
becomes Khan (756-761) |
| 759 |
El Tutmish Alp Qutluq Bilge Qaghan. El Tekin (13) (759 -
779). |
| 760 |
Khazar Kagan Boghatur (760?-…) |
| 760 |
Bulgar Khan Tat-Ugek renames city Marduan to Bulgar, which
becomes a center of small Burjan kingdom. |
| 761 |
Khan Vinekh of Danube Bulgaria (756-761) and all his kin
assassinated. Teletz of Ugain clan and a leader of conspiracy is elected new
Khan (761-763). |
| 762 |
Khazars, led by As Tarkhan, invade and re-conquer
Cis-Caucasia. 764 Khazars take Tbilisi |
| 763 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Telets seizes southern Thrace.
Bulgars loose battle of Anchiel. Khan Telets (761-763) is murdered by hostile
Boils for his failure. Umar, then Bayan (763-765) is elected new Khan |
| 765 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Bayan (763-765) is replaced by Toktu,
then Magan, then Telerig (c.765-777) assumes Bulgarian Khan-hood. |
| 772 |
War between Greeks and Danube Bulgars. Khazaria unites
with Alania |
| 775 |
Leo IV ”Khazar” emperor of Byzantine Empire
(775-780) |
| 777 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Telerig (c.765-777) is replaced by
Kardam (c.777-c.803) |
| 779 |
Alp Qutluq Bilge Qaghan. Tonga Bagha (14) (779 - 789). |
| 780 |
Leo II, greatson of Khazar Kagan, ruler of Abkhazia.
(780-….) |
| 786 |
Khazars help Abkhazia to free from Byzantine, and Abkhazia
becomes Khazarian dependency |
| 789 |
Tengride Bolmish Qutluq Bilge Qaghan. Taras (15) (789 -
790). |
| 790 |
Qutluq Bilge Qaghan. Aychur (16) (790 - 795). |
| 790 |
Shato subordinate to Tibet. Tibetians take Beytin and
Kucha (Ansi) 791 Tibetians take Khotan |
| 791 |
Franks met resistance on their campaign in area of Austria
and Slovenia |
| 791 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Kardam (c.777-c.803) utterly defeats campaign of
Byzantine Constantine VI (780-797) of Isaurian Dynasty |
| 792 |
Franks met with little resistance on their 2 campaigns in
area of Austria and Slovenia because of Avar/Bulgar/Slav draught and famine |
| 792 |
Avar leaders fought each other between 792 and 795, but
Kagan and Yugrush, his fellow ruler, were killed by their own men, who
blamed them for draught and famine |
| 792 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Kardam (c.777-c.803) again utterly defeats campaign
of Byzantine Constantine VI |
| 794 |
Tibetians defeat Uygurs 795 Tatabs and Tatars are defeated
by Chinese |
| 794 |
According to archaeological evidence, Avars populated
Banat, Crishana, and parts of Transylvania. Their number in Transylvania is
not very high, but this is difficult to estimate. As in other territories,
they probably lived together with Slavic tribes |
| 795 |
Avars power broken, Franks destroyed residence of Kaganat.
Nestor chronicle stipulates that all Avars died, but some retired to east of
Tisza. Last reliable mention of Avars is from 822, and in 873 there is a
record of uncertain character. |
| 795 |
Ay Tengride Ulugh Bolmish Alp Qutluq Bilge Qaghan. Qutluq
(17) (795 - 805) |
|
796 |
Danube Bulgaria Khan Kardam (c.777-c.803) demanded Byzantine to pay its annual tribute,
Constantine VI (780-797) challenged him.
Theophanes: Emperor Constantine VI (780-797) led army in a raid on Bulgaria.
After battle in July 796 near fortress Markella in Eastern Thrace, he
signed peace treaty with Danube Bulgaria Khan Kardam (777-803) to pay annual
tribute (? how much?). When
basileus cheated on treaty obligations, Bulgarian ruler sent him warning: ”Pay
your dues or I'll ravage Thrace” |
| 796 |
Avar Kagan and his warlords abandoned their capital Rhing
before Frankish host reached it in 796, but 90 per cent of Charlemagne's
horses that advanced as far as Gyõr in 791 also perished of famine |
| 796 |
Avar state, weakened by internal dissent, was destroyed by
a combined Frankish and Bulgarian Khan Kardam attack in 796. |
| 797 |
Constantine VI captured and blinded by supporters of his mother
Irene, who was crowned as first ever Byzantine Empress regnant, apparently following
example of Türkic tradition of Danube Bulgars |
