In the Association (Ass.) column are used designations: T - Türkic, P -
Persian, N - Nakh, IE - Indo-European, "-" - Unknown association, "?" - no entry. Links in the table
lead to the Wikipedia pages. The Wikipedia's Türkic lexicon is complemented by entries from the Old
Türkic Dictionary, 1969, Leningrad, Science. The comparison should be taken as a rough assessment
requiring much closer examination of the phonetical resemblance and etymological origin of the
lexemes.
No. |
English |
Sumerian 1 |
Sumerian 2 |
Ass. |
Bashkir Bashkorcha |
Turkic
Türkche |
O.Suleymenov |
Hungarian |
|
1 |
I (me) |
ME |
|
T |
min |
men |
MEN (BEN, BIN,
MÄN,
BÄN) I |
|
|
2 |
you (thou) |
ZE |
|
T |
hin |
sen (inform), siz (formal) |
SEN (SÄN, SIN) you |
|
|
3 |
he |
|
|
|
ul |
ol |
|
|
|
4 |
we |
|
|
|
bez |
biz |
|
|
|
5 |
you (pl.) |
|
|
|
hez |
siz |
|
|
|
6 |
they |
|
|
|
ular |
onlar |
|
|
|
7 |
this |
|
|
|
byl |
bu, ošbu, ošul |
|
|
|
8 |
that |
ANE (ENE) |
|
T |
tege |
tege, shu, ol, ošul, šul |
ÄNE (ÄNÄ, ANAU) demonstrative pronoun "that" |
|
|
9 |
here |
|
|
|
bynda |
burada, murada |
|
|
|
10 |
there |
|
|
|
tegende |
shurada, orada, anta |
|
|
|
11 |
who |
|
|
|
kem |
kim (interrogative) |
|
|
|
12 |
what |
|
|
|
nime |
ne (interrogative) |
|
|
|
13 |
where |
|
|
|
kaiza |
nerede (no movement, interrogative) |
|
|
|
14 |
when |
|
|
|
kasan |
ne zaman (interrogative), erkän
|
|
key
|
|
15 |
how |
|
|
|
nisek |
nasıl (interrogative), kebi, qaltï, teg |
|
chetowr
|
|
16 |
not |
|
|
|
tügel |
değil (separate word); -ma-, -me- (infix inserted within the verb), -ma-/-mä-,
aŋ, |
|
|
|
17 |
all |
|
|
|
böte |
bütün, hepsi, alqu |
|
|
|
18 |
many |
|
|
|
küp |
chok,
arqan,
arqun, bunča, munča, bütä, tekïm, ükil |
|
|
|
19 |
some |
|
|
|
ber nise |
birkach, bazı |
|
|
|
20 |
few |
|
|
|
az |
az |
|
|
|
21 |
other |
|
|
|
bashka |
bashka, diğer, adïn, adïnaɣu, adnaɣu, аδnaɣu, adïnsïɣ, adruq, aduruq, ajruq,
aδruq, amarï, digar, ikinči, ikindi,
öŋi, öŋin, özga, |
|
|
|
22 |
one |
|
|
|
ber |
bir |
|
|
|
23 |
two |
|
|
|
ike |
iki |
|
|
|
24 |
three |
USH |
|
|
ös |
üch |
|
|
|
25 |
four |
|
|
|
dürt |
dört |
|
|
|
26 |
five |
|
|
|
bish |
besh |
|
|
|
27 |
big |
|
|
|
zur, böiök |
büyük |
|
|
|
28 |
long |
UZUK |
|
|
ozon |
uzun, eškïn |
|
|
|
29 |
wide |
KEN |
|
|
kin |
genish |
|
|
|
30 |
thick |
|
|
|
kalyn |
kalın |
|
|
|
31 |
heavy |
|
|
|
auyr |
ağır, ačïɣ, aɣïr |
|
|
|
32 |
small |
ISH |
|
|
belekei, kese |
küchük, bičä, kičig, kičüg, ušaq, uvšaq |
|
|
|
33 |
short |
|
|
|
kychka |
kısa, qïrt, qïsɣa/qïsqa |
|
|
|
34 |
narrow |
|
|
|
tar |
dar |
|
|
|
35 |
thin |
|
|
|
nezek |
ince, taytur, yïlmïq, yuyqa, yupqa, yuqa, yuvɣa, yuvqa |
|
|
|
36 |
woman |
|
|
|
katyn |
kadın, katyn, ebchi, evlig, evlüg, evlik, evlük, qïz, tishi, uraɣut, uzun |
|
|
|
37 |
man (adult male) |
|
|
|
ir |
adam, er/ir/ar, erän, erkäk |
|
|
|
38 |
man (human) |
|
|
|
adam, keshe, ezem |
adam, kishi, insan |
|
|
|
39 |
child |
AMAR |
DUMU |
T |
bala |
chocuk, bala, kenč, oglan/oɣlan, ogul/oɣul |
МАLА, BALA, PALA
TU'M a birth; making offsprings (common Türkic); TUMA child; descendancy; generation (common Türkic) |
|
|
40 |
wife |
|
|
|
katyn |
karı, katyn, ebči/evči, evlüg/evlük, , evlig/evlïk, isi, yeŋga,
kis/kisi/kishi |
|
|
|
41 |
husband |
|
|
|
ir |
koca, beg/begï, er/ir, erän, erkäk |
|
|
|
42 |
mother |
AMA |
|
T |
ese |
anne, ana, aba, apa, ög, uma |
AMA (ABA, APA, AHA) mother (common Türkic) |
|
|
43 |
father |
ADA |
|
T |
ata |
baba, ata, dedä, hata, ata, aju, qaŋ |
ATA father (common Türkic) |
|
|
44 |
animal |
|
|
|
ienlek, хaiuan |
hayvan, ienlek, хaiuan, janvar |
|
|
|
45 |
fish |
|
|
|
balyk |
balık |
|
|
|
46 |
bird |
|
|
|
kosh |
kush |
|
|
|
47 |
dog |
|
|
|
et |
köpek, it |
|
|
|
48 |
louse |
|
|
|
bet |
bit, sunzï |
|
|
|
49 |
snake |
|
|
|
iylan |
yılan, bükä, maɣa |
|
|
|
50 |
worm |
|
|
|
kort |
solucan, kurt |
|
|
|
51 |
tree |
GISH |
|
T |
agas |
ağach, agas, yïɣač. ïɣač, söğüt |
EGISH (EGIS,
ÄGÄSH) cultured plant |
|
|
52 |
forest |
|
|
|
urman |
orman/urman, arïɣ, bük, |
|
|
|
53 |
stick |
|
|
|
botak, sybyk |
chubuk, değnek |
|
|
|
54 |
fruit |
|
|
|
emesh |
meyve |
|
|
|
55 |
seed |
|
|
|
orlok |
tohum, uruɣ, čigit |
|
|
|
56 |
leaf |
|
|
|
yaprak |
yaprak, yapïrɣaq, yalbïrɣaq |
|
|
|
57 |
root |
|
|
|
tamyr |
kök, yïldïz, töz, tüp |
|
|
|
58 |
bark (tree) |
|
|
|
kaiyr, kabyk |
kabuk |
|
|
|
59 |
flower |
|
|
|
seske |
chichek |
|
|
|
60 |
grass |
|
|
|
ülen |
ot, ülen |
|
|
|
61 |
rope |
|
|
|
bau |
ip, halat, bau |
|
|
|
62 |
skin |
|
|
|
tire |
deri, qïrtïš, qoɣuš, quyqa, saɣrï, teri |
|
|
|
63 |
meat |
|
|
|
it |
et |
|
|
|
64 |
blood |
|
|
|
kan |
kan |
|
|
|
65 |
bone |
|
|
|
höiek |
kemik, söŋük |
|
|
|
66 |
fat (n.) |
|
|
|
mai |
yağ, yaɣ, yaqrï, yön, čır, öz, qazi, vžir |
|
|
|
67 |
egg |
|
|
|
iomortka |
yumurta, yumurqa |
|
|
|
68 |
horn |
|
|
|
mögöz |
boynuz, mügüz, müyüz, miŋiz, müŋüz |
|
|
|
69 |
tail |
|
|
|
koirok |
kuyruk, qudruq |
|
|
|
70 |
feather |
|
|
|
kauryi |
tüy, yük, yüŋ, tezik |
|
|
|
71 |
hair |
|
|
|
ses |
sach, tüg |
|
|
|
72 |
head |
|
|
|
bash |
bash, kafa, töpü |
|
|
|
73 |
ear |
GESHTUK |
|
T |
kolak |
kulak |
ESHTUK that which is listening |
|
|
74 |
eye |
|
|
|
küz |
göz, qaraq |
|
|
|
75 |
nose |
|
|
|
tanau |
burun |
|
|
|
76 |
mouth |
|
|
|
auyz |
ağız, aɣaz |
|
|
|
77 |
tooth |
|
|
|
tesh |
dish, azïɣ, tish |
|
|
|
78 |
tongue (organ) |
|
|
|
tel |
dil, til, |
|
|
|
79 |
fingernail |
|
|
|
tyrnak |
tırnak, tïŋraq, tïraŋaq. tïrŋaq |
|
|
|
80 |
foot |
|
|
|
ayak |
ayak/ayaq, adaq/aδaq, ataq, azaq |
|
|
|
81 |
leg |
|
|
|
bot |
bacak, bot, ayak/ayaq, adaq/aδaq, ataq, azaq |
|
|
|
82 |
knee |
|
|
|
tubyk |
diz, tiz |
|
|
|
83 |
hand |
SHU |
|
T |
kul |
el, aya, adut, aδut, avuč, avut, tutam, tutča, tutum |
USH (US, UUSH, UUS) a fistful (common Türkic) |
|
|
84 |
wing |
|
|
|
kanat |
kanat, uch |
|
|
|
85 |
belly |
|
|
|
korhak |
karın |
|
|
|
86 |
guts |
|
|
|
esek |
bağırsak |
|
|
|
87 |
neck |
|
|
|
muiyn |
boyun, boyïn, |
|
|
|
88 |
back |
|
|
|
arka |
arka, sırt |
|
|
|
89 |
breast |
|
|
|
kükrek |
göğüs |
|
|
|
90 |
heart |
|
|
|
iörek |
yürek, kalp, köŋül, baɣïr |
|
|
|
91 |
liver |
|
|
|
bauyr |
karaciğer, baɣïr |
|
|
|
92 |
to drink |
|
|
|
eseü |
ich |
|
|
|
93 |
to eat |
|
|
|
ashau |
ye, asa, aša, ašla, |
|
|
|
94 |
to bite |
|
|
|
teshleü |
ısır, tislä |
|
|
|
95 |
to suck |
|
|
|
imeü |
em |
|
|
|
96 |
to spit |
|
|
|
tököröü |
tükür |
|
|
|
97 |
to vomit |
|
|
|
kochou |
kus |
|
|
|
98 |
to blow |
|
|
|
öröü |
üfle, öröü, es, esnä, tüpir, ür |
|
|
|
99 |
to breathe |
|
|
|
tyn alyu |
nefes almak, soluk al, ahla, ïyïn, yaqur, |
|
|
|
100 |
to laugh |
|
|
|
kölöü |
gül/kül, qatɣur, qatur, |
|
|
|
101 |
to see |
|
|
|
küreü |
gör, kör |
|
|
|
102 |
to hear |
|
|
|
isheteü |
ishit, ešid, esit, tïŋla |
|
|
|
103 |
to know |
|
|
|
beleü |
bil, tanï |
|
|
|
104 |
to think |
|
|
|
uilau |
düshün |
|
|
|
105 |
to smell |
|
|
|
echkeü |
kokla, echkeü, islä, bur, jïdï/jïδï, qoq, övis, sasi |
|
|
|
106 |
to fear |
|
|
|
kurkyu |
kork, ajïn, gorg/gӧrg/ɣort/ qorq/qoruq |
|
|
|
107 |
to sleep |
|
|
|
ioklau |
uyu, udï/uδï, |
|
|
|
108 |
to live |
|
|
|
iesheü |
yasha, jïlla, sür, tir, tiril, tur |
|
|
|
109 |
to die |
|
|
|
üleü |
öl, bar, keč, uč |
|
|
|
110 |
to kill |
|
|
|
ültereü |
öldür, arta, öltür, ölür |
|
|
|
111 |
to fight |
|
|
|
hugyshyu |
dövüsh, čal, küräš, qarïšïqlan |
|
|
|
112 |
to hunt |
|
|
|
aulau |
av, aulau, avla, saɣïr |
|
|
|
113 |
to hit |
|
|
|
hugyu |
vur, artla, badar, chal, köcüklä, püs, qaq, sal, soq, toqï/toqu, ur |
|
|
|
114 |
to cut |
|
|
|
kicheü |
kes, bïch, yamur, qïy, tanchula, toɣra, |
|
|
|
115 |
to split |
|
|
|
yaryu |
yar, adar/adïr, bïch, böl, bugra/воgra |
|
|
|
116 |
to stab |
|
|
|
senseü, kazau |
bıchakla, bögdalä, sanch, cheknä, kazau |
|
|
|
117 |
to scratch |
|
|
|
tyrnau |
kashı/кichi/qashï, emri, qurtan |
|
|
|
118 |
to dig |
|
|
|
kazyu |
kaz/qaz |
|
|
|
119 |
to swim |
|
|
|
iözöü |
yüz, čap |
|
|
|
120 |
to fly |
|
|
|
osou |
uch |
|
|
|
121 |
to walk |
|
|
|
atlau |
yürü, bar, yorï, |
|
|
|
122 |
to come |
|
|
|
kileü |
gel, kel, yetil, kir, |
|
|
|
123 |
to lie (in bed) |
|
|
|
yatyu |
хuyssyn
leṭna, yat, |
|
khabidan/deraz kishidan
|
|
124 |
to sit |
TUSH (SHUSH) |
|
T |
ultyryu |
badyn
baiṭhna, atlan, bin, mün, yïɣrïl, oldur, oltur, olur, orna, tuɣraɣlan |
TÜSH (TÜS)
descend (common Türkic) |
neshastan
|
|
125 |
to stand |
|
|
|
torou |
læuuyn
khaṛa hona, tur |
|
istadan/ pa shodan
|
|
126 |
to turn (intransitive) |
|
|
|
borolou |
borolou, dön/tön, emit, evür/evir/evrül, qay/qayït/qav, qatïrt, qajtïš, tevir,
tür, yüzlän |
|
|
|
127 |
to fall |
|
|
|
töshöü |
čök/čaq/čoq, ek, yaɣ/yaɣu/yaq/yavu, düsh, qamïl/qamul, tay, tüs, uč |
|
|
|
128 |
to give |
|
|
|
bireü |
ver, ber, tapčur, tapsur, tapuš |
|
|
|
129 |
to hold |
|
|
|
totou |
tut |
|
|
|
130 |
to squeeze |
|
|
|
kychyu |
sık, boɣ, jigtür, qarïš, qavur/qavïr, qïs, tartïš, tolɣa |
|
|
|
131 |
to rub |
|
|
|
yshkyu |
qabar, jaq, kinla, kikchür, sürt, türt, uvun |
|
|
|
132 |
to wash |
|
|
|
iyuyu |
yıka, yu, čun, suqïn/suqun, |
|
|
|
133 |
to wipe |
|
|
|
hörtöü |
sil/sili, yоd/yoδ/yоt, |
|
|
|
134 |
to pull |
|
|
|
tartyu |
chek, chuj, yet, tarït, tart, uzat |
|
|
|
135 |
to push |
|
|
|
eteü |
it, talqï, tul |
|
|
|
136 |
to throw |
|
|
|
tashlau |
at, chal, kemish, sal, tashla, |
|
|
|
137 |
to tie |
|
|
|
beileü |
bağla/baɣla, atqan, chek/chïɣ/choɣ, kisä, örkla, tüg, |
|
|
|
138 |
to sew |
|
|
|
tegeü |
dik, yeδ, köbi, tefchit/tevchi, tik |
|
|
|
139 |
to count |
|
|
|
hanau |
say, sa/san/sana, hana, |
|
|
|
140 |
to say |
|
|
|
eiteü |
de, te, ay, ay- te-, ayt, aɣzan, sayra, sandïrï. sanrï, savla, sözla, tilda |
|
|
|
141 |
to sing |
|
|
|
iyrlau |
sharkı söyle, et/ot, ïrla/yïrla/yurla, kogla/köglan, sayra, sаma/säma |
|
|
|
142 |
to play |
|
|
|
uinau |
oyna, atïz |
|
|
|
143 |
to float |
|
|
|
iözöü |
dalgalan, chap, salla, yüz |
|
|
|
144 |
to flow |
|
|
|
agyu |
ak/ag, jadïl/jajïl, yügür, savruq |
|
|
|
145 |
to freeze |
|
|
|
öshöü |
don (intransitive), dondur (transitive), bud/buδ, buduɣ/buδuɣ, üsü |
|
yakh zadan
|
|
146 |
to swell |
|
|
|
shesheü |
shish, yelna, qabar, shïshïl |
|
|
|
147 |
sun |
UD |
|
|
koyash |
günesh, yašiq |
|
|
|
148 |
moon |
|
|
|
ai |
a, ay, |
|
|
|
149 |
star |
AN |
|
|
iondoz |
yıldız |
|
|
|
150 |
water |
|
|
|
hyu |
su |
|
|
|
151 |
rain |
|
|
|
yauyu |
yağmur |
|
|
|
152 |
river |
|
|
|
iylga |
ır, arïg/arïɣ/arïk, aqïg/aqïɣ/aqïm/aqïn, aqmaq, darya, iti/idel/iylga,
kelgiz, munduz, müran, ögüz/öküz, su/shu/sub/suv/suɣ/chai, talay, tamga/tamɣa, yuvar |
|
|
|
153 |
lake |
|
|
|
kül |
göl/köl/kül, kölman, teŋ |
|
|
|
154 |
sea |
|
|
|
dingez |
deniz |
|
|
|
155 |
salt |
|
|
|
toz |
tuz |
|
|
|
156 |
stone |
|
|
|
tash |
tash, ir |
|
|
|
157 |
sand |
SAKAR |
ISHI |
T |
kom |
kum, qayïr |
CHAKYR sand, tiny pebbles
(Türksh)
CHAKA sand (Chagatai) |
|
|
158 |
dust |
SAKAR |
ISHI |
T |
san, tuzan |
qoq, san, tuprak/topraq, toz/tuz/tog/toɣ, |
CHAKYR sand, tiny pebbles
(Türksh)
CHAKA sand (Chagatai) |
|
|
159 |
earth |
KIR |
|
T |
tuprak |
yer |
KIR mud; clay (common Türkic)
YIR (YER, PAR, JER, DJER, ZER, DER) earth |
|
|
160 |
cloud |
|
|
|
bolot |
bulut |
|
|
|
161 |
fog |
|
|
|
toman |
sis, toman/tuman/tümän, |
|
|
|
162 |
sky |
AN |
DINGIR (DEMER) |
|
kük |
gök/kök/kük, qalïq/xalïq, täŋri, |
|
|
|
163 |
wind |
|
|
|
el |
rüzgâr, yel, esin, tïntura, tüŋür, tüpi |
|
|
|
164 |
snow |
|
|
|
kar |
kar/qar/qaɣar |
|
|
|
165 |
ice |
|
|
|
boz |
boz/buz/muz |
|
|
|
166 |
smoke |
|
|
|
tötön |
duman, tütün |
|
|
|
167 |
fire |
UD |
|
|
ut |
od, atesh, ört, art, čoɣ, yalïn |
|
|
|
168 |
ash |
ISHI |
|
|
köl |
kül |
|
|
|
169 |
to burn |
|
|
|
yanyu |
yak/yan, yïlït, köy/kön/kon, ӧpäl, örta |
|
|
|
170 |
road |
|
|
|
ül |
yol, oruq |
|
|
|
171 |
mountain |
KUR |
|
T |
tau |
dağ, art, tag, taɣ, tau |
KYR mountain ridge; mountain plateau (common Türkic) |
|
|
172 |
red |
|
|
|
kyzyl |
kızıl, kırmızı, al, |
|
|
|
173 |
green |
|
|
|
ieshel |
yeshil, yaš |
|
|
|
174 |
yellow |
|
|
|
hary |
sarı, etrak, quba |
|
|
|
175 |
white |
|
|
|
ak |
ak, beyaz, yürüŋ, urüg |
|
|
|
176 |
black |
GIG |
|
T |
kara |
kara, siyah |
GÜIÜK (KÜIÜK) soot |
|
|
177 |
night |
|
|
|
tön |
gece, kečä, |
|
|
|
178 |
day |
UD |
|
|
kön |
gün/kön, gündüz |
|
|
|
179 |
year |
|
|
|
iyl |
yıl, sene, jaš |
|
|
|
180 |
warm |
|
|
|
iyly |
sıcak, yïlïɣ, emik, isig, ïsïɣ, ïlïɣ, |
|
|
|
181 |
cold |
|
|
|
hyuyk |
soğuk, salqïm, sоɣuq, soɣïq, don, ton, üšik |
|
|
|
182 |
full |
|
|
|
tuly |
dolu, toi, tolu, pür, qalïsïz, qamu, qamïɣ, tükal |
|
|
|
183 |
new |
|
|
|
yany |
yeni |
|
|
|
184 |
old |
|
|
|
ichke |
eski (non-living things), yashlı (living things) |
|
|
|
185 |
good |
|
|
|
yakshy |
iyi, edgü/eδgü/eygü, kushal, yaxsï/yaqsï/yakshy/yeg, nik, saɣ |
|
|
|
186 |
bad |
|
|
|
nasar, yaman |
kötü, alïɣ, aman, anïɣ, bat, bäd, tas, yabïz, yafuz, yavïz, yavuz, yablaq,
yavlaq, yaman |
|
|
|
187 |
rotten |
|
|
|
serek |
bül, boɣdäm, chürük/serek, artaq/ardaq/artaɣ, erïk, kög, küviz, yunchïɣ, |
|
|
|
188 |
dirty |
|
|
|
bysrak |
arïɣsïz, boɣdam, bysrak, kirli, pis, |
|
|
|
189 |
straight |
|
|
|
tura |
düz, rast, tikim, toɣrï/toɣru/torqu/tortü, tura |
|
|
|
190 |
round |
|
|
|
iomoro, tünerek |
yuvarlak, toparlak, yap, yumɣaq, oqlaɣu, tegirmä, tegirmi, ulïnčïɣ |
|
|
|
191 |
sharp (knife) |
|
|
|
ütker |
keskin, yiti, süvrä |
|
|
|
192 |
dull (knife) |
|
|
|
ütmech |
kör, таɣïl |
|
|
|
193 |
smooth |
|
|
|
shyma |
düzgün, pürüzsüz, shyma/sïɣan, šuvlaŋ, tüzdäm, üsaŋ, yap, yasul |
|
|
|
194 |
wet |
|
|
|
dymly |
ıslak |
|
|
|
195 |
dry |
|
|
|
koro |
kuru, arut, urut, qaq, qur, quruq |
|
|
|
196 |
correct |
|
|
|
döröch |
doğru/döröch, chïn, köni, oŋ, rast, savab/säbab, tetrü,
toɣrï/toɣru/torqu/tortü, tüzük |
|
|
|
197 |
near |
|
|
|
yakyn |
yakın, yaɣru, yaɣuru, yavuq, yaɣüq |
|
|
|
198 |
far |
|
|
|
alych, iyrak |
uzak, ïraq |
|
|
|
199 |
right |
|
|
|
un |
sağ, oŋ/öŋ, ogdun/ogtun/oŋdïn, oŋdïnqï, oŋïqlan |
|
|
|
200 |
left |
|
|
|
hul |
sol, choŋ, oŋ |
|
|
|
201 |
at |
|
|
|
|
-da/ta, -de, -a, -e, |
|
|
|
202 |
in |
|
|
|
|
-da/ta, -de, qat, ichinde, icherisinde |
|
|
|
203 |
with |
|
|
|
menen |
ile, ile beraber, bilä/bilän/birlä, menen |
|
|
|
204 |
and |
|
|
|
hem |
ve, hem, u, ulatï |
|
|
|
205 |
if |
|
|
|
eger |
abam/abaŋ, birök, eger/eğer ... ise, -sa, -se, xaiï |
|
|
|
206 |
because |
|
|
|
sönki |
chünkü |
|
|
|
207 |
name |
|
|
|
isem
|
ad, isim, at, ajaɣ, |
|
|
|
|