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Русский текст нуждается в переводе ГЕНЕТИКА
ВОСТОЧНЫХ ХУННОВ
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Source and Comments | ||||||
Частичная генеалогическая
(то есть еще не генетическая) реконструкция была получена, используя
относящиеся к обоим родителям, один родитель, и материнские
генетические системы для останков Восточных Хуннов/Гуннов выкапаным
на кладбище около древней Хунской столицы Отюкен и датированых с
более > 2 000 лет назад. Никакой подобающий молекулярный анализ пока
не был предпринят. Эгиин Гол использовался с 3его столетия до н.э до
2го столетия нашей эры, в течении всего Восточн-Хуннского периода.
Авторы используют китайское прозвище Хуннов, Сайонгну (Xiongnu), в одном из вариантов его написания. Линия времени и различных написаний названий Восточных Хуннов дается в Huns Dateline. Поскольку исследование не стремился рецонструировать происхождение Хуннов, но концентрировалось на генеалогических отношениях Хуннских скелетных останков, исследование содержит только частичную информацию проливающую некоторый свет. Эта страница цитирует только части принадлежащие к Тюркской истории, для всех других элементов исследования используйте Линк. Поскольку нигде в статье не упомянуто что кладбище имело знак определенно называющий его "Сайонгну кладбище", в цитатах я заменил квази-научное имя Сайонгну его современный широко принятый и единой в написании "Восточные Хунны". |
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http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v73n2/35013/35013.web.pdf http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v73n2/35013/35013.html |
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Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia |
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Results mtDNA Analysis ... Although the mtDNA sequences obtained could not be assigned with certainty to mtDNA haplogroups (since they encompassed only the HVI of the control region), three (A, C, and D) of the four major haplogroups observed in Native American (Torroni et al. 1993) and Siberian (Starikovskaya et al. 1998; Schurr et al. 1999) populations were detected in the ancient samples tested (with haplogroup D being the most prevalent). A few sequences belonging to subclusters B4b, D5 or D5a, F1b, J1, G2a, U2 or U5a1a and some that probably belonged to cluster M were also observed (Richards et al. 2000; Yao et al. 2002). No member of the major European cluster H, which occurs in >40% of most European populations (Richards et al. 1996) was found. Interestingly, some of the haplotypes reported here are similar to those found in previous studies of the area (Kolman et al. 1996; Comas et al. 1998). Discussion ... A majority (89%) of the Eastern Huns' sequences can be classified as belonging to an Asian haplogroup (A, B4b, C, D4, D5 or D5a, or F1b), and nearly 11% belong to European haplogroups (U2, U5a1a, and J1). This finding indicates that the contacts between European and Asian populations were anterior to the Eastern Huns' culture, and it confirms results reported for two samples from an early 3rd century BC Scytho-Siberian population (Clisson et al. 2002). The genetic data obtained in the present study, in addition to the topographical and radiocarbon data, suggested hypotheses concerning the social history of the necropolis. Around the 3rd century BC, the grave of an adult male (grave 28) had been dug on the southern part of the Egyin Gol valley (A sector). At a short distance from him, a privileged man was also buried (grave 27), as were other individuals, including those found in double graves (graves 32/32A, 33/33A, 37/37A, and 38/38A). Some of these surrounding graves could be sacrificial burials, as has been reported elsewhere for one of them (Murail et al. 2000). This tradition of having double graves near an opulent one in cemeteries containing individuals of high social class is well documented, notably in the Sakka (normally spelled Saka in English, a general endoethnonym of the eastern Scythians - Translator's Note) (another group of nomadic people of the Eurasian steppes) and the Pazyryk cultures (Francfort et al. 2000). This ritual, at the first developmental step of the cemetery, suggests that the cultural influence of the "old Scythian spirit" was already present in some nomadic families at the beginning of the Eastern Huns empire. ... ... (Sometime ca. the 1st c. AD - Translator's Note) ... paternal lineage has been, at least in part (6 of 7 STRs), found in a present-day Turkish individual (Henke et al. 2001). Moreover, the mtDNA sequence shared by four of these paternal relatives (from graves 46, 52, 54, and 57) were also found in a Turkish individuals (Comas et al. 1996), suggesting a possible Turkish origin of these ancient specimens. Two other individuals buried in the B sector (graves 61 and 90) were characterized by mtDNA sequences found in Turkish people (Calafell 1996; Richards et al. 2000). These data might reflect the emergence at the end of the necropolis of a Turkish component in the Eastern Huns tribe. |
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Source and Comments |
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7/30/2005