Ancient DNA provides new insight

Following up on our previous study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of admixture for two Uyghur population samples (HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG), collected from the northern and southern regions of Xinjiang in China, respectively.

Both HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG showed a substantial admixture of East-Asian (EAS) and European (EUR) ancestries, with an empirical estimation of ancestry contribution of 53:47 (EAS:EUR) and 48:52 for HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG, respectively.

The effective admixture time under a model with a single pulse of admixture was estimated as 110 generations and 129 generations, or admixture events occurred about 2200 and 2580 years ago for HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG, respectively, assuming an average of 20 yr per generation.

Despite Uyghurs' earlier history compared to other admixture populations, admixture mapping, holds promise for this population, because of its large size and its mixture of ancestry from different continents. We screened multiple databases and identified a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism panel that can distinguish EAS and EUR ancestry of chromosomal segments in Uyghurs. The panel contains 8150 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) showing large frequency differences between EAS and EUR populations (F_ST > 0.25, mean F_ST = 0.43) but small frequency differences (7999 AIMs validated) within both populations (F_ST < 0.05, mean F_ST < 0.01). We evaluated the effectiveness of this admixture map for localizing disease genes in two Uyghur populations. To our knowledge, our map constitutes the first practical resource for admixture mapping in Uyghurs, and it will enable studies of diseases showing differences in genetic risk between EUR and EAS populations.

Scythian-Iranian theory	Ossetian Genetics	Scythian language	Etruscan Genetics
MODERN UIGUR GENETICS
A Genome-wide Analysis of Admixture in Uyghurs and a High-Density Admixture Map for Disease-Gene Discovery Shuhua Xu, Li Jin The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 83, Issue 3, 322-336, 28 August 2008, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.08.001
Foreword
Another step in a right direction. Without detailed studies, there is no understanding of the historical processes, no correct reconstruction of the historical development. 2,000-2,500 years ago Uigurs joined the Huns as a matrimonial partner, and for centuries they were producing a thorough mixture of the Huns and Uigurs. During the next two millennia, Uigurs also absorbed a slew of local admixtures, both of the Türkic and Eastern Asian provenance. The Middle Asian, and the South Siberian Türkic stock already had some Mongoloid admixture before the Hun-Uigur matrimonial union. The known history of the Uigurs makes the model for the estimate of the effective admixture time utterly unrealistic, and the seemingly realistic result does not tell the whole story. Taken together with similar studies of a wider range of the Uigur people, from the areas inside and outside of China, where historically attested Uigurs settled, and of the different periods, would allow to visualize and analyze the evolution of the Uigur people.
Links
http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(08)00439-4 http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/08/admixture-mapping-in-uyghurs.html
Article
A Genome-wide Analysis of Admixture in Uyghurs and a High-Density Admixture Map for Disease-Gene Discovery Shuhua Xu, Li Jin
Abstract Following up on our previous study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of admixture for two Uyghur population samples (HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG), collected from the northern and southern regions of Xinjiang in China, respectively. Both HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG showed a substantial admixture of East-Asian (EAS) and European (EUR) ancestries, with an empirical estimation of ancestry contribution of 53:47 (EAS:EUR) and 48:52 for HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG, respectively. The effective admixture time under a model with a single pulse of admixture was estimated as 110 generations and 129 generations, or admixture events occurred about 2200 and 2580 years ago for HGDP-UG and PanAsia-UG, respectively, assuming an average of 20 yr per generation. Despite Uyghurs' earlier history compared to other admixture populations, admixture mapping, holds promise for this population, because of its large size and its mixture of ancestry from different continents. We screened multiple databases and identified a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism panel that can distinguish EAS and EUR ancestry of chromosomal segments in Uyghurs. The panel contains 8150 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) showing large frequency differences between EAS and EUR populations (F_ST > 0.25, mean F_ST = 0.43) but small frequency differences (7999 AIMs validated) within both populations (F_ST < 0.05, mean F_ST < 0.01). We evaluated the effectiveness of this admixture map for localizing disease genes in two Uyghur populations. To our knowledge, our map constitutes the first practical resource for admixture mapping in Uyghurs, and it will enable studies of diseases showing differences in genetic risk between EUR and EAS populations.

Scythian-Iranian theory		Ossetian Genetics		Scythian language	Etruscan Genetics
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Foreword

A Genome-wide Analysis of Admixture in Uyghurs and a High-Density Admixture Map for Disease-Gene Discovery

A Genome-wide Analysis of Admixture in Uyghurs and a
High-Density Admixture Map for Disease-Gene Discovery