Türkic Scripts - Codex of InscriptionsEuro Asiatic SubgroupNagy-Szent-Miklos |
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Introduction |
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The following is a partial description of the famed Nagy-Szent-Miklos inscriptions. Unfortunately "the middle Persian cursive inscription from Sogd", as well as the image of the Greek inscriptions, are not given here, and the speculations about the provenance and dating so far remain just the speculations. |
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Links |
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http://www.qypchaq.freenet.kz/Nagy-Szent-Miklos_treasure_Inscriptions.htm http://members.tripod.com/~Groznijat/p_bulgar/nagy_other.html |
Illustrations are by the book: Lásló Gy., Rácz I. A Nagyszentmiklósikincs.- Budapest: Corvina Kiadó, 1977.
A treasure of 23 gold vessels with a totals weight of 9 kg 945 g, some of them bearing possibly Türkic and Greek inscriptions, was found in an iron chest at a depth of 1,5 m during earth works in 1799 in the village of Nagy-Szent-Miklos by the the river Aronika (Torontal County in the Austro-Hungarian Banat, after WW2 the northern Romania - Translator's Note), in the territory populated by mixed Hungaro-Romanian-Bulgarian population. Initially the magnificent find was dated by the end of 4th - beginning of 5th c. AD, and ascribed as Hunnish or Hunno-Bulgarian possessions, and specifically as a table set of the legendary Hunnic leader Attila [J.Hampel, 1885; Mladenov, 1934]. Others, dating the hoard to the Bulgar epoch, expressed an opinion that these gold vessels were Bulgarian and were stolen from the tomb of the Bulgarian Khan Asparuh [Dimitrov, 1929, Mladenov, 1934]. A third attributed the hoard to the 8-th - 9-th c. AD or to the later centuries and attributed it to the Avars [Tsalani, 1956], Besenyos [Tomsen, 1917] or first the Besenyos and then the Kumans [Nemeth, 1932] [O. Pritsak, 1955] [Üsupov, 1960] [Besevliev, 1963].
A first and only native Türkic scholar provided a concluding philological
analysis:
Marcel Erdal, 1988, The Turkic Nagy-Szent-Mıklos Inscription In Greek Letters // Acta Orient. Hung. XLII, 1988, AkaxUmiai Kiadö, Budapest.
M. Erdal concluded that the inscription of Vessel 21. Cup with buckle belonged to the epoch
of Khans Omurtag, who ruled over Bulgaria between 814 and 831 and his son Malamir, was written in
Bulgarian, and is one of few Bulgarian inscriptions in Greek of that time.
M. Erdal dismisses conjectures of “too wild etymologising” that reflected biases typical for the
European scholars.
Illustrations show a whole set, and a separate table with inscriptions in possibly Türkic script chiseled on some vessels.
M. Erdal (1988) transcription and reading:
BUYLA ZOAPAN TÄSI DÜÄTӦYİ BUTAUL ZOAPAN TAƔROYI ICIYI TÄSI
(It is) Buyla Žoapan (who) carries (the) bowl. Drinking bowl made by But Aul Žoapan
Compared with earlier readings below, we can sympathize with the notion of “too wild etymologising” expressed by M. Erdal.
W. Tomsen (1917) reading:
ΒΟΥΗΛΑ · ΣΟΑΠΑΝ ·ΤΕCΗ · ΔΥΓΕΤΟΙΓΗ ·ΒΟΥΤΑΟΥΛ · ΣΩΑΠΑΝ · ΤΑΓΡΟΓΗ · ΗΤΖΙΓΗ · ΤΑΙCΗ (Η = /i/)
Buila zoapan täsi dügätügi
Butaul zoapan taγruγï ičigi täsi.
French translation by W. Tomsen:
'Le zoapan Bouila a achavé la coupe, (cette) coupe à boire qui par le zoapan
Boutaoul a été adaptée à être suspendue'.
German
translation by J.Nemeth per W. Tomsen:
'Buila-župan hat die Schale vollendet, (diese) Trinkschale, die Butaul-župan zum Aufhängen geeignet gemacht hat'.
German translation by J.Nemeth :
'Die Schale des Boila Čaban, in seinem Auftrage wurde sie ausgefürt; Botaul Čaban hat
ihr die Schnalle machen lassen, seine Trinkschale ist sie'.
Russian translation
by S.Ya. Baichorov per W. Tomsen-J.Nemeth :
'Зоапан Буйла сделал ковш, [этот] ковш для питья Зоапаном Бутаулом был прилажен для подвешивания'.
Транскрипция by S.Ya. Baichorov:
Boyila (Boyla) Zopan tesi, dygetügi Botaul, Zopan tagrogi itzigi tesi
Russian translation
by S.Ya. Baichorov:
Boyila Zopan cup, made by Botaul, drinking cup for Zopan's courtiers
Per R.Girshman suggestion, the
vase was made in the end of the 6-th c. in Sogd for the Türkic nomad... Outside of
the dish inside the (broken off) pallet is a the middle Persian cursive inscription.
Reading by E.Herzfeld:
" This vessel from silver coins made by order of Sharven Masmogan" (the member of a
dynasty ruling Demavend prior to 758/759 AD)...
V.A.Livshits and V.G.Lukonin [Darkevitch, 1976 : 57] read it differently: "This
vessel made by order of Pur-i-Vakhman. weight 302 drachmas"
Fig. 1 (see the common picture table), two signs at the bottom of the Vase,
S. Baichorov regards it as a Türkic
inscription and reads it [1983,
103]:
esish
"memorable"
Fig. 2 и 3 (see the common picture table), 4 signs,
J.Nemeth read as proper name [Németh, 1932: 32] Boyla/Buyla, F.Altheim
read as [Altheim,
1948: 202] къадгъу "sadness"
S. Baichorov
[1983: 103]
Ag [=agyy] oguk
"having gift carving (engraving)"
Fig. 4а, 4b (see the common picture table) - 2 groups of signs at the bottom of the vase.
The first J.Nemeth read as [Németh, 1932: 30] энгиз эгиз "wide opening", F.Altheim read as [Altheim, 1948: 199] budun "people".
The second group J.Nemeth read as Besenyo proper name [Németh, 1932: 27], ilbek, F.Altheim read as [Altheim, 1948: 200] yogeke "for Yoge".
S. Baichorov,
believing this to be one text, read [1983: 103]
Agynyches. Uluga
"Giving memorial (i.e. gift present) to the Great"
Fig. 5а, 5b, 5c (see the common picture table) - 3 groups of symbols at the bottom of the vase.
The group 5a J.Nemeth read as Sevinüg biche "Lady Sevinügг", group 5b left out, group 5c read agyy "precious, gift" [Németh, 1932: 29, 31], F.Altheim group 5a read as sub noshda kak "Waser im Trunk ist Schade (eigentlich schlagen)", а group 5b read as kuoloym "my sheep" [Altheim, 1948: 200].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983: 110]:
Soben mynch yogüg. Ag
(Agyy) oy (ush). Ongug
"Soben (is of) such fame. Gift carving (engraving). Carving (engraving)"
Fig. 6а, 6b (see the common picture table) Two identical inscriptions, on the upper and the lower edge of the dish which has a handle soldered in. The signs were first incised, and then made with a dye with a noticeable offset.
J.Nemeth read this inscription as Boyla Chaban cheriz kyash "Dessert dish of Boyl Chaban" [Németh, 1932: 24], F.Altheim read as Kadggyu kyokyyny kyuragyyn oy "Den Kummer vermindet die Zeit der Gesellichkeit" [Altheim, 1948: 201].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983: 115].
Ag [=ag
The inscriptions 7a, 7b, 11, 12, 13a 7a, 7b, 11, 12, 13a, embossed on each cup, are identical, with the characters on cup 10 first incised and then embossed with a dye. S. Baichorov cites the readings of J.Nemeth and F.Altheim: Turuk (Turum) ich ayak "Turuk's (Turum's) drinking cup" [Németh, 1932: 30], Nosh irte kyodyr "Drink in the mornings and do it arduously" [Altheim, 1948: 201-202].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983: 117]:
GümüshchAg Ag [=agyy]
oyyk
"Jeweler's gift engraving"
Inscription 7c of the cup 10 is not embossed, but only incised. S. Baichorov relays the readings of J.Nemeth and F.Altheim: tabak "cup, frying pen" [Németh, 1932: 23], anykur "he is ready" [Altheim, 1948: 202].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983: 118]:
Ag [=agyy] ogyk
"Gift engraving"
Inscription 13b of the cup 23 is not embossed, but only incised. S. Baichorov relays the readings of J.Nemeth and F.Altheim: bashab bagylan [Németh, 1971: 35]; küngindin "from a slave" [Altheim, 1948: 200].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983: 130-131]:
Ag [=agyy] oyush agynglan
"Be prised (as) gift engraving"
Fig. 8 (see the common picture table) - inscription incised at the bottom of the vessel.
S. Baichorov relays the readings of J.Nemeth and F.Altheim: seng "pot" [Németh, 1932: 29]; sab or sub "water" [Altheim, 1948: 200].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983:
119]:
es ag [=agyy]
"Memorial gift".
Fig. 9, 10 (see the common picture table) - two inscriptions incised on each vase are identical.
S. Baichorov relays the readings of J.Nemeth and F.Altheim: bakradj "small pot (cup)" [Németh, 1932: 23], 2ko/ung1r2b or 2ko/ung1r1ang without a translation [Altheim, 1948: 200].
S. Baichorov's reading [1983:
117]:
Ag [=agyy]
In a chronological order
Hampel J. Der Goldfund von Nagyszentmiklós // Hungarische Revue.- 1885, V.
Hampel J. Altertümer des frühen Mittelalters in Ungarn.- Braunschweig, 1905.- T. I.- S. 153-161.
Thomsen W. Une inscription de la trouvaille d'or de Nagy-Szent-Miklós // Samlede.Afhandliger. T. III.- Kopenhagen, 1917.
Mötefindt H. Der Schatzfund von Nagyszent-Miklós // Ungarische Jahrbücher.- 1925, V.- S. 364-391.
Németh J. Die Inschriften des Schatzes von Nagy-Szent-Miklós. Mit zwei Anhängen:I. Die Sprache der Petschenegen und Komanen. II. Die Ungarische Kerbschrift.- Budapest: Kőrösi Csoma Gesellschaft, 1932.
Димитров М.Д. Златните съдове от гробницата на цар Аспарух.- София, 1929.
Младенов С. Първобългарско, а не печенежско е т. нар. Атилово златно съкровище от Над сент Миклош // ГСУИФФ.- 1934-1935, XXXI.- Стр. 88.
Мавродинов Н. Прабългарската художественна индустрия // Мадара.- 1936, II.- Стр. 255-273.
Mavrodinov N. Le Trésor protobulgare de Nagyszentmiklós // Archeologia Hungarica.- 1943.- XXIX.- Bibliography: 225-226 pp.
Kondakov N.P. The Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós //BByzl.- 1946, I.- P. 7-13.
Altheim F. Literatur und Gesellschaft in ausgeenden Altertum.- Halle, 1948.
Димитров Д. П. Днешното състояние на вопроса за прабългарския произход на златното съкровище от Над сент Миклош // ИИД.- XXII/XXIV, 1948.- Стр. 338-414.
Alföldy A. Etudes sur le trésor de Nagyszentmiklos//CArch.- 1950, V, p. 123-149; 1952, VI, p. 43-54; 1954, VII, p.61-67.
Archeologische Bibliographie des Mittel-Donau-Beckens.- T. I, 1954, S. 445-447; T. II, 1961, S. 200-201; T. III, 1968, S. 219.
Csallány D. Archáologische Denkmáler der Awarenzeit in Mitteleuropa.- Budapest, 1956.
Németh J.The runiform inscriptions from Nagy-Szent-Miklós and the runiform scripts of Eastern Europe // Acta Linguistica.- T. XXI, 1-2.- Budapest, 1971.
Szádeczky-Kardoss S. Ein Versuch Sammlung und chronologischer Anordnung der griechischen Quellen der Awarengeschichte.- Szeged, 1972.
Даркевич В.Т. Художественный металл Востока.- Москва, 1976.
LáslóGy., Rácz I. A Nagyszentmiklósi kincs.- Budapest: Corvina Kiadó, 1977.
Ваклинов С, Ваклинова М. Съкровището от Над Сент Миклош.- София, 1983.
Байчоров С.Я. Древнетюркские рунические памятники Европы: Отношение северокавказского ареала древнетюркской письменности к волго-донскому и дунайскому ареалам.- Ставрополь, 1989.
ηγčšöïäü
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E. Herzfeld, "Pasargadae. Untersuchungen zur persischen Archдologie",Klio, 1908 E. Herzfeld, "Bericht über die Ausgrabungen von Pasargadae, 1928 E. Herzfeld, "Rapport sur l'état actuel des ruines de Persépolis etpropositions pour leur conservation |
