The Stalinist period in the life of the Türkic people
was most devastating, affecting culture even more then the effects of the deportations and genocide. The
literacy dropped from nearly 100% to nill, under the scheme of cycling through alphabets were
introduced replacement literature and language, and not only the the civil and religious archives were
mercilessly wiped out from the face of the earth, but also every scrap of paper that the
occupiers saw as foreign to them. Whole family libraries and archives were hurriedly hid
underground, where they quickly decomposed. Devastation of the nations and ethnic groups was
intended to wipe out not only the material traces of history, but also the historical
memory of the people, down to the individual level, and that included not only the tamgas
of the nations and ethnic groups, but the tamgas of the clans and families. The 70 years
of Stalinism for a time achieved what the previous 2 millennia failed to do - to turn
people into faceless chattel.
The original A.-H. Sh. Janibekov's text of the 1935 typewritten work may contain some
errors, typos, and is definitely in poor polygraphic state, but it contains a throve of
information used by later scholars to reconstruct the past and link it to the present. The
posting notations added to the A.-H. Sh. Janibekov record are shown in
italics blue. |
101
102Table 1 (columns
are moved in accordance with accepted order; tamga's attribution to the Crimean Tatar
people is not clearly defined, and may only refer to the Nogai part of the Crimean
Tatars)
Konyrat, Badai
| No |
Tribe or clan |
Other Names/Tribes |
Tamgas. Brand |
Tamgas Name |
| 1 |
Konyrat, Badai |
|
 |
куюскан, лям-элиф |
| :2 |
Otar (remains of Khazars and Naiman) (Kerei) |
Kerei |
 |
elshen (ashamay - children's, women's saddle) |
| 3 |
Burkut clan, Naiman group |
Alach |
 |
- |
| 4 |
Serkeli |
|
 |
serke |
| 5 |
Tuluga |
|
 |
shackley yrbak, yarlyga |
| 6 |
Kypchak |
|
 |
dal |
| 7 |
- |
|
 |
kelep |
| 8 |
Ergenekli |
|
 |
Kundraz (s?) |
| 9 |
- |
Argin, As? |
 |
besik |
| 10 |
- |
|
 |
uigur |
| 11 |
Mangit |
Kirgiz, Kyrk |
 |
chumish - scoop |
| 12 |
Ungit, Novkis, Burkut, Kangly |
|
 |
ay-moon kytai - bow |
| 13 |
Sarai |
Merkit, Min, Mesit, Naiman |
 |
balty - hammer |
| 14 |
- |
|
 |
chigir - wheel |
| 15 |
Keneges |
|
 |
tarah-comb |
| 16 |
Kongyr |
Kara As, Alach |
 |
kazayak - goose foot (kazayyakly) |
| 17 |
- |
|
 |
kayisy - scissors |
| 18 |
- |
|
 |
sulak (part of the cart) |
| 19 |
Kongrat |
|
 |
shayyki - sandals |
| 20 |
- |
|
 |
hearth |
| 21 |
Uymaut |
|
 |
ashamay - cross |
| 22 |
As, of Mangyt kuba |
Argin, As |
 |
square |
| 23 |
Naiman |
Jalair |
 |
heckle |
| 24 |
Toymas |
|
 |
slip |
| 25 |
Kereit |
|
 |
- |
| 26 |
Kangly |
|
 |
bodrak |
| 27 |
Temir-Hoja (Tergenchi) |
|
 |
klych (sword) |
| 28 |
Toermaly |
|
 |
shumish with a hook (toirmaly shomush bucket with curved
handle) |
| 29 |
Tama (?) |
|
 |
tama (kösalip) |
| 30 |
Jan Amet |
|
,
 |
eki elep |
| 31 |
Mangyt (?) |
|
 |
yesenei |
| 32 |
Keneges |
Kenegez |
 |
heckle |
| 33 |
Kangly (Kongyr kuba) |
|
 |
kuyuskanly |
| 34 |
Kangly (Kongyr kuba) |
|
 |
yreak, koosz |
| 35 |
- |
|
 |
- |
| 36 |
Kara Uyrum |
|
 |
- |
| 37 |
Mesit |
Abakly |
 |
barhan dune |
| 38 |
Shimbay (?) |
|
 |
argun |
| 39 |
Uysun |
|
' ' |
imseik (?) |
| 40 |
Sarai |
|
 |
kiryu |
Facsimile pages
 |
The Crimean historical oikonymia has genotypes and
ethnic names common in Turkic-Mongol ethnonymy:
| No |
Tribe or clan |
Other Names/Tribes |
Tamgas. Brand |
Tamgas Name |
| 1 |
Irgakly (Fig. 1, 12) |
Kirei (Girei, Kerei, Karait) |
 |
|
| 2 |
Karaim |
Alacha, Kara As, Kongyr |
|
senek - wooden pitchfork |
| 3 |
Karaim |
|
 |
kalkan - shield |
| 4 |
Abakly (Fig. 4) |
|
 |
|
| 5 |
Alach (Fig. 5) |
|
|
|
| 6 |
Argin, As (Fig. 6) |
|
|
|
| 7 |
Achamayly (Fig. 7) |
|
 |
|
| 8 |
Bodrak (Fig. 8) |
|
 |
|
| |
Buyten, Burlak, Dair, Jaytamgaly (Fig. 10) |
|
 |
jai-tamga depicts bow - Fig. 9 |
| |
Jalair |
|
|
heckle |
| 11 |
Dulat, Dyurmen (Fig. 11) |
|
 |
|
| 12 |
Irgakly (Fig. 1, 12) |
|
 |
|
| 13 |
Ishun ~ Uyshun (Fig. 13) |
|
 |
|
| 14 |
Kanly (Fig. 14) |
|
 |
|
| 15 |
Katagan (Fig. 15) |
|
 |
|
| 16 |
Kenegez (Fig. 16) |
|
|
heckle |
| 17 |
Kereit (Tama) (Fig. 17) |
Tama |
|
|
| |
Tama (Fig. 17) |
|
 |
|
| 18 |
Kerleut, Kipchak (Fig. 18) |
|
 |
|
| 19 |
Kirghiz, Kirk (Fig. 19) |
|
|
|
| 20 |
Kitai (Fig. 20) |
|
 |
|
| 21 |
Kiyat, Kirey (Fig. 21) |
|
 |
|
| 22 |
Konrat (Fig. 22) |
|
 |
|
| 23 |
Mangit (Fig. 23) |
|
 |
|
| 24 |
Merkit, Min, Mesit, Naiman (Fig. 24) |
|
 |
|
| 25 |
Sidjeut (Fig. 25) |
|
 |
|
| 26 |
Toksaba, Turkmen (Fig. 26) |
|
 |
|
| 27 |
Argin (Fig. 27) |
Sarai |
|
|
| 28 |
Kudalan-Yashlav (Fig. 28) |
|
 |
|
| 29 |
Shirin (Fig. 29) |
|
 |
|
Source List
http://kazan-tatar.narod.ru/tamga.htm
Irgakly (Fig. 1, 12)
Karaim (Fig. 2),
Karaim (Fig. 3),
Abakly (Fig. 4),
Alach (Fig. 5),
Argin, As (Fig. 6),
Achamayly (Fig. 7),
Bodrak (Fig. 8),
Buyten, Burlak, Dair, Jaytamgaly (Fig. 10) (jai-tamga depicts bow - Fig. 9)
Jalair (Fig. 10),
Dulat, Dyurmen (Fig. 11);
Irgakly (Fig. 1, 12)
Ishun ~ Uyshun (Fig. 13),
Kanly (Fig. 14),
Katagan (Fig. 15),
Kenegez (Fig. 16),
Kereit (Fig. 17);
Kerleut, Kipchak (Fig. 18),
Kirghiz, Kyrk (Fig. 19),
Kitai (Fig. 20)
Kiyat, Kirey (Fig. 21),
Konrat (Fig. 22)
Mangit (Fig. 23),
Merkit, Min, Mesit, Naiman (Fig. 24)
Sijeut (Fig. 25),
Tama (Fig. 17);
Toksaba, Turkmen (Fig. 26),
Argin (Fig. 27)
Kudalan-Yashlav (Fig. 28)
Shirin (Fig. 29).
ungut, chyuyut, yashlav and many others (see [List of populated areas]
in Crimea). Nomadic settlements (auls) were called by the people who were lived in tribal
communities. Over time, the name of the clan or tribe (gene- or ethnonym) turned into the name of the
aul (oikonym). Almost all primary
historical oikonyms reflect the Crimean Tatar and Nogai tribal names. |
 |
|
