DATELINE | |
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Time | Events |
1250 | City Bolgary became most important trade and craft center of Kipchak Khanate |
1250 | Kipchaks spoke a Türkic language whose most important surviving record is Codex Cumanicus, a late 13th-century dictionary of words in Kipchak, Latin, and Persian, compiled by Christian missionaries |
1250 | Presence in Egypt of Kipchak-speaking Mamluks also stimulated compilation of Kipchak-Arabic dictionaries and grammars written in Egypt and Syria |
1250 | Béla IV's son, future Stephen V, married Cuman princess, and, under rule of their son (Ladislas IV [László]; 1272–90), Cuman influence in Hungarian affairs was great |
1250 | Cumans did not completely assimilated into Hungarian society for centuries |
1250 | Bulgars had their own scientists and poets. Poem by Kul-Gali "Tale about Yusuf" (13-th century) was well known far from Bulgaria and greatly influenced development of Bulgarian and Tatar literature |
1251 | Alexander Nevsky comes to Sarai Batu, befriended and bebrothered Sartaq, become his anda, and an adopted son of Khan Batu. Aleksnder returns with Tatar army that defeats Teutons. Aleksander receives yarlyk for Rus' Great Prince, in vassalage of Kipchak Khanate |
1251 | Rus is allied with Kipchak Khanate as an autonomous vassal without loss of culture or religion. Rus' principalities refusing protection of Tatars are eventually captured by Lithuania |
1251 | Vassalagetax paid by Rus is 5,000 R a year to XV c and 7,000 R after XV c, or 1.6 kg of grain per person in a country of 5 mln. |
1251 | Mongke becomes Mongol Khan (1251-1258) |
1255 | Hulegu recaptures Samarkand |
1255 | First Buddhist-Taoist debate in Karakorum |
1255 | Kipchak Khan Batu dies (1227-1255), Sartaq the Christian becomes Khan (1255-1257), then Ulagchi the Child (1257-1257) |
1257 | Kipchak Khan Ulagchi the Child dies (1257-1257), Berke the Moslem becomes Khan (1257-1266) |
1258 | After Mongke (1251-1258) Ariq-Buqa (1258-1260) becomes Mongol Khan |
1258 | Second Buddhist-Taoist debate in Karakorum. |
1259 | Crusader offensive by Ariq-Buqa Khan on Jerusalem. In Ain-Djalud battle noyon Kit-Buga is defeated by Mamluk army |
1260 | After Ariq-Buqa (1258-1260) Kublai becomes Mongol Khan (1260-1294) |
1261 | Kipchak Khan Berke exchanges ambassadors with Mamluk Egypt |
1262 | First war between Kipchak Kaganate and Il Khans |
1263 | Kipchak Khan Berke alliance with Mamluk Egypt |
1263 | Kipchak Khanate carried on an extensive trade with Mediterranean peoples, particularly their allies in Mamluk Egypt and Genoese |
1265 | 20,000 horsemen against Byzantium |
1266 | Kipchak Khan Berke the Moslem dies (1257-1266), Mangu Timur becomes Khan (1266-1280) |
1269 | 50,000 horsemen to help Qaidu |
1278 | Mongol-Tatars and Rus allies seize Alanian town Dediakov. |
1279 | Kipchak Khanate Khan Mangu Timur installed Kipchak (Cuman) George Terter I Khan of Danube Bulgaria (1280-1292) |
1280 | Kipchak Khanate Khan Mangu Timur (1266-1280) dies, Tode Mangu the Moslem becomes Khan (1280-1287) |
1281 | War between Mamluks and Mongols. Destruction of Mongol fleet off Japanese coast |
1286 | Mongols lose control of Moldova to Lithuania (1241-1286 ) |
1287 | Kipchak Khanate Khan Tode Mangu the Moslem (1280-1287) dies, Tole Buqa becomes Khan (1287-1290) |
1290 | Kipchak Khanate Khan Tole Buqa (1287-1290) dies, Tokhtaga becomes Kipchak Khan (1290-1312) |
1295 | Accession of Ghazan to Il Khanid throne. June 19: Public conversion of Ghazan to Islam. |
1297 | Adoption by Il Khanid Ghazan of Islamic state symbols. |
1298 | Hungarian-Cuman force fights in Battle of Gollheim with army of Albrecht I of Habsburg |
1299 | OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1299 - 1922 A.D Founder - Osman Bey Area - Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Anatolia, Caucasia, Crimea, Bessarabia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Hungary, Sudan…Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea were for a time Türkish Lakes (Total Area - 20,000,000 Km 2) |
1300 | Descendants of Jewish Khazars in Eastern Europe adopt Yiddish language (1300-1500). |
1300 | Kipchaks live east of Itil and in southern Urals |
1300 | Kipchaks who settled from Itil to Lower Ilek rivers left modest earthen kurgans with rectangular burials facing east, with a hide or a mummy of harnessed and saddled horse. |
1300 | Kipchak men grave goods have bark quivers with cut arrows, knifes, flints, and women have bronze or silver earrings, rings, pendants, scissors, bronze mirrors and headdress ornaments (bark tubes "bokks") |
1303 | Mamluks stop last Mongolian invasion of Syria |
1304 | Khan Tokhtaga summons Rus Knyazes for meeting in Pereyaslavl to stop feudal infighting and swear allegiance to Kipchak Khan |
1309 | Hungarian Christian clergy edicts that Catholics cannot marry "Khazars" |
1312 | After Kipchak Khan Tokhtaga (1290-1312), his nephew Giazetdin-Sultan Mukhammed-Uzbek (Özbeg) (1312-1341) becomes Khan. He gives yarlyks to Rus Knyazes to collect taxes instead of former Tatar baskaks |
1315 | Kipchak Khan Uzbek summons Prince Yuri III (1303-1325) of Moscow to Sarai Berke. Yuri marries Usbek's sister Konchaka (Russ. Agrafia), becoming brother-in law of Khan Uzbek, and lives 2 years in Sarai Berke |
1320 | Kipchak Khan Uzbek gives princess (Tughay? D. 1348) to Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad of Bahri Mamluk dynasty (1293-1341) as wife |
1321 | Lithuanian Duke Gedemin defeats coalition of Kipchak Rus vassal princes and captures Kiev, leaving his vassal prince as governor |
1324 | Lithuanian Duke Gedemin annexes all Black Rus (Ukraine) and Podlyakhia into his Lithuanian domains |
1327 | Kipchak Khan Uzbek sent 50,000 horsemen against Prince Ivan I Kalita (Moneybag) (1328-1340) of Moscow |
1327 | Ivan I Kalita with Tatar help subdued anti-Mongol uprising in Tver. Thousands of Tverians were sent to China to join Rus volunteer recruits, conscripts, and captured prisoners serving as special guards for Mongol Emperor |
1328 | Pope John XXII instructs Hungarian bishops not to collect tithes from Cumans |
1330 | King Charles Robert of Hungary unsuccessful campaign against Basarab, Voivode (warrior prince) of Wallachia |
1334 | Partition of Chagatai Khaganate |
1335 | End of UIGUR EMPIRE 740 - 1335 A.D Founder - Kutlug Bilgekul Khan Area - Central Asia and Northern Mongolia |
1336 | Birth of Timurlan |
1339 | Join campaign of Ivan I Kalita and Khan Uzbek to take Smolensk. |
1339 | Kipchak Khanate is gradually Islamized |
1340 | Grand Prince Ivan I Kalita with all Rus Knyazes called to gather in Sarai Berke. Khan Uzbeg approves Ivan’s son as next Rus Grand Prince |
1341 | After Kipchak Khan Uzbek (1312-1341), Tini Beg is murdered (1341-1341), Jani Beg I becomes Kipchak Khan (1341-1356) |
1341 | Dmitry (future Donskoi), Great Prince of Vladimir and Moscow, son of Ivan I Kalita, mints “denga”coins with "Es-Soltan-El-Egzem" on one side and Seal Of Great Prince Dm on another side |
1346 | Black Death struck in 1346-47 |
1349 | Black Death struck in 1349. Beetwen 1364 and 1425. Rus looses 1/3 of population |
1349 | Hungarian Jews, partly of Khazar origin, resettle in Poland and Austria. |
1349 | Hungarian Jews, partly of Khazar origin, resettle in Poland and Austria. |