DATELINE | |
---|---|
Time | Events |
950 | There is information about Bashkir Confederation in 9-12c under Masim Khan, starting with Khan Bashkort. Bashkir 'Shejere' listed Khans Muyten Bey and Maiky Bey at approx. 1220, witha list of 10 predesessors covering 9-12c. |
950 | Al Mas'udi (died in 956) describes 4 Türkic peoples: Ydjni, Badjkurt (Maskurts, Masguts, called by Herodotus (5-th c. BC), Strabo (c.64 BC - A.D. 20), and C. Plinius Secundus (62-113 AD) Massagetae Scythians), Badjanak (Besenyos), Nukardi |
950 | Conversion of Karakhanids and Uighurs from Buddhism to Islam under Satuq Bughra Khan (d.955) |
950 | Magyars living in Lebedia are vassals of Khazars. |
960 | End of Itil Bulgar-Turkmen 15 year war. Chief Turkmen Khan Arslan is beheaded by Bulgar sardar Kukcha Amir |
960 | Besenyos live in Moldova (10th cent.-1171) |
960 | …... becomes second Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam (960?-….) |
960 | Karahanid Satuk's son, Musa (Baytas) defeated eastern Khan Arslan Han and carried off this branch of dynasty. Entire Karahanli State becomes Muslim (960). Afterwards, forced diffusion of Islam among C. Asian Türks turned into holy war. First case among Türks to abandon tradition of freedom of convitions and to force conversion of subject populations |
961 | After Dukak death, Oguz Yabgu appoints Dukak’s son Seljuk Syu-Bashi as head of army. Seljuk evacuates his tribe to Sugura, near Jend (Hojdent), bordering with Moslem countries. Relocation may be caused by Kipchak wictory over Oguz State or shotage of pastures |
961 | Seljuks (Salchukiyans, Sakachikas) together with Kynyk clan and other Oguz clans leave winter capital of Oguz State Yenikent (Ruins of present Jankent) between Caspian and Aral, with their cattle of horses, camels, sheep and cows, to Maverannakhr |
961 | M Kashgari: To live with Moslem Türks, multitudes of Seljuk tribes adopted Islam. Seljuk adopted Islam for political possibilities, and asked neighboring Bukhara and Khorezm to send Moslem scholars. Prior, they were called Turkmens, Karluks and Oguzes |
961 | Oguz Yabgu's Oguses arriving in Jend to collect annual taxes are driven out by Seljuks under pretext "We are not paying taxes to infidels", and started juhad war against Oguz State with Seljuk’s title Gazi. Start of independent Seljuk Beylyk in Jend |
962 | Svyatoslav (962-972) first Rus Knyaz with Slavic name. Numerous campaigns to assert his authority over eastern Slavs. Invaded Khazaria and destroyed its capitl Itil, and its major fortresses Samander and Sarkel. Allied with Constantinople against Danube Bulgars |
962 | Türkic Ghaznavid dynasty is established in Afghanistan |
962 | GAZNELI EMPIRE 962 - 1183 A.D Founder – Alptekin Area - from Trans-Oxus to Ganges River, from Caspian to steppes of Pamir (Total Area - 4,700,000 Km 2) |
964 | Bulgarian annals provide background information on the Rus campaign against Khazaria, depicting it as a Bulgar liberation war of joint Bulgar-Rus alliance, where Bulgaria paid Ruses for the campaign by leasing out provinces Djir (future Rostov province and city of Russia), Kan (future Murom province and city) and the western Kortdjak (future Moscow, Vladimir and Ivanovo provinces), for an annual tribute equal in size to the tribute from Djir (Bulgar-Rus Treaty of 964). In the campaign participated Turkmens (Oguzes), recently defeated in the lengthy Bulgar-Turkmenian war (ca. 947-ca. 960), and Bajanaks, whose territory the Rus army had to cross, as Rus allies in the campaign. The annals describe Rus army as consisting of 20 thousand Vikings and 50 thousand Slavs. |
964 | Kengeres seriously threaten Khazaria |
965 | Byzantine governor (strategos) of Chersonesus asks Svyatoslav for aid against Khazars. Svyatoslav campaign to Don. En route he attacks Volga Bulgars. He raids Sarkel, Itil, and Tmutarkhan, also captures Chersonesus |
965 | Svyatoslav possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies with Oguzes. Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in Taman-Kuban area |
965 | Kkazar Kagan temporarily converts to Islam for political reasons |
965 | Itil Bulgars gain independence after defeating Khazars |
966 | Bandja (Fanagoria), capital of Great Bulgaria in VII c, destroyed by Kiev Knyaz Svyatoslav. Escaped inhabitants established New Bandja in Jiguli on Itil (Murom setlement). During campaign were devastated cities in the North-East Caucasus, including Semender. |
966 | Khan Mohammed established fort Simbir (Simbirsk) |
967 | Knyaz Svyatoslav of Kiev seizes Khazar capital Itil |
969 | Khazaria, broken by Svyatoslav (called Barys by Bulgars), is divided between Itil Bulgaria and N. Caucasus Saklans |
969 | Inflow of silver dirhams from Bulgaria and Khazaria stops |
969 | Saklans receive territory S. of rivers Sal and Kum, Shir (Don), Kuper-Kubar (Khoper), Boryn-Inesh (Voronej). Khin (Sarkel, Belaya Veja) is a province ruled by Bulgar's vali |
970 | Khan Mohammed established fort Balyn (Suzdal) in Mary land |
972 | 8 Besenyo (Bedjenek) tribes, under Khan Kura, of Kipchak stock with Oguz element, freed of Khazar dominance, defeat Rus Knyaz Svyatoslav and make a drinking cup of his scull. Bedjenek's continuous figts with Khazars, Byzantines and Russ |
976 | Mohammed died (943-976), Talib becomes Khan of of Itil Bulgaria (976-981) |
981 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Talib (976-981) died, Timar becomes Khan (981-1004) |
985 | Türkic Karakhanid and Gaznevit, and Iranian Samanid states surround Seljuk Beylyk. Seljuks fight with Karakhanids and Samanids. Samanids give Karakhanid Yabgu Arslan Israel with Oguzes control of Nur, near Bukhara |
985 | Seljuq Türks, a ruling tribe of Oguz, move to vicinity of Bukhara |
986 | Khazars present Judaism to Knyaz Voldemir (Russ.Vladimir) of Kiev, Itil Bulgars present Islam |
988 | Voldemir consolidates his possession of conquered city-states through adoption of single state religion. He orders conversion of subject people and launches built-up of Christian churches. Negotiations for military aid with Emperor Basil II end in agreeme |
994 | Formation of Türkic-Ghaznavid dynasty in present day Afganistan |
999 | Destruction of Persian Samanid dynasty by Türkic tribes |
1000 | Some Khazars in Kievan Rus are Slavicized and adopt East Slavic language (1000-1300). |
1004 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Timar (981-1004) died, Masgut becomes Khan (1004-1006). |
1006 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Masgut (1004-1006) died, Ibragim becomes Khan (1006-1025). |
1010 | Kipchaks are pressed by Kumosi- Kimaks and then by Kidanes and move west |
1016 | Last Khazar Khagan Georgius Tzul is cuptured by combined army of Byzantine Basil II and Sfengus, brother of Kiev's Grand Prince Voldemir. Khazaria loses last independence and territories of Crimea and Taman. |
1016 | End of HAZAR EMPIRE 602-1016 A.D Founder - no historical data for founder, its greatest ruler was Hakan Yusuf. Area - Hazars separated from Goktürks and formed a state from Caucasian Mntns to Danube and N. Pontic area |
1020 | Kipchaks occupy Middle and Lower Donets basin, lower Don and N.Azov. Earliest Kipchak gravestone monuments are located west of Itil |
1024 | Lavrentiev Chronicle dates establishment of Suzdal in Merya land |
1025 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Ibragim (1006-1025) died, Azgar becomes Khan (1025-1028). |
1025 | One of Seljuk chiefs, Arslan Israil Yabgu, serves as auxiliary to Karakhanid's Ali-Tegin, against Ghazavids. |
1026 | Kengeres invasion of Byzantium is repulsed by Constantine Diogenes.. |
1028 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Azgar (1025-1028) abdicated, Ashraf becomes Khan (1028-1061). |
1029 | Kipchaks control steppes from Itil to Irtysh |
1032 | Torgul-beg, with Daud and Arslan Israil Yabgu, acquires control of E. Iran. |
1035 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Azgar established fort Khazar (Voronej) |
1036 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Azgar established city Tyumen, center of Tubdjak ulus (Tyumen) |
1040 | SELCUK EMPIRE 1040 - 1157 A.D Founder – Seljuk Area - East, Balkash and Issyk Lakes and Tarim Derya; West, Aegean and Mediterranean; North, Aral, Caspian Sea, Caucasian and Black Sea; South, area including Arabia (Area - 10,000,000 Km 2) |
1051 | Kengeres invade Byzantium. |
1054 | Seljuks, under Tügral Beg, capture Baghdad, Abbasid capital, from Buwayhids, establish Seljuq Sultanate, and become official protectors of Caliphate. |
1054 | Rus chronicles record appearance of Guz people, pushed by Kipchaks - a branch of Kimaks of middle Irtysh and of Ob. |
1055 | Rus claims that majority of Kipchak tribes have crossed Itil and occupy E. Europian steepes. |
1055 | Ipatian Chronicle reports first arrival of Kipchaks at border of Pereyaslav principality |
1059 | Yabgu Arslan Israel with Oguzes fights Karakhanids, and withdraw with booty, leaving Samanid heir Ismail El Muntasyr, who loses war with Karakhanids,and dies. Samanid state desintegrates, Karakhanids take over Maverannakhr, and Gazavids take Horasan. |
1060 | Kipchaks replace Besenyos (Bedjenek) from N Caucasus steppes. Stan of Kipchak Khans is located on river Sunj. N Caucasus steppes is an important component of Deshti-Kipchak. |
1063 | Beginning of reign of Seljuc Alp Arslan |
1064 | Kengeres invade Byzantium, across Thrace to gates of Constantinople.. |
1065 | 600K Oguzes crossed Danube, devastated Balkans to Thessalonica. Emperor Constantine X Ducas, and then Kengeres and Bulgars, who were ruled at that time from Byzantium, annihilated them. Remains of Oguzes were subjugated, eliminated or assimilated by Kipch |
1065 | Visit of Alanian king Durguleit Great to Georgian king Bagrat IV in Kutais. |
1065 | Three Türkic peoples inhabit steppes N. of Lake Balkhash: Oguz (Ghuz, Torks, Ouzoi, Uzes, Türkmen), Kimaks/Kipchak of middle Enisey of Ob, and Kirghiz. Ogur group is distinguished from Oguz Türkic people that they had Y mutated to J (DJ). |
1169 | Prince of Suzdal, Andrei Bogoliubskii, sacked Kiev, then moved seat of Great Prince to Vladimir, capital of Suzdal |
1070 | Turks in Karahanli State engage in cultural and scientific activities. Turkish written with Uighur and Arabic alphabets becomes literary language and literature spread for the first time. Karahanli people exchange with Gazneli and other state sultans in Turkish written in Uighur letters |
1070 | Most ancient monument of Islam era in Türkic is "Kutadgu Blig" written by Yusuf Has Hacib in 1069-1070 in Uighur and Arabic letters about ideal administration system of a state |
1071 | Kengeres, in service of Byzantium, desert Emperor Romanus Diogenes V (1067-1071) in favor of Oguz Sultan Alp Arslan. |
1072 | Beginning of reign of Seljuc Malik Shakh. |
1072 | Marriage of Maria of Alania to Byzantine emperor Michael VII Duca Parapinaces (1071-1078 d. 1078). Marriage of Georgian king George III with Alanian princess Burduhan |
1073 | Probably grandson of Mohammed b. Yusuf Kadir Han, Great Khan of Eastern Karahanli State, Mahmut Kashgari work, titled "Divan-i Legat it-Turk" written in Baghdad in 1073-1077, gave examples of dialects of various Türkic peoples ranging from Byzantine borders to borders of China. He wrote about geography of Türkish cities, political and economical life of Türks and their beliefs, gave examples of literary works and ancient epics and folk literature that did not survive |
1076 | Itil Bulgaria Khan Akhad (1061-1076) deposed, Adam becomes Khan (1076-1118). |
1076 | Capital of Itil Bulgaria is transferred from city Bulgar to city Bilyar |
1077 | HARZEMSHAH 1077 - 1231 A.D Founder - Kudrettin Mehmet (Harzemshah) Area - Persia, Southern Caucasia, Dagestan, Afghanistan and most of Central Asia. (Total Area - 5,000,000 Km 2) |
1078 | Daughter of Burduhan and George III is crowned as Queen Tamar on Georgian throne |
1087 | Kengeres invade Byzantium across Thrace, are driven back, and defeat Alexius Comneus. |
1088 | Former Khan, Emir Akhad Moskha built in Batyshes' (Russ. Vyatiches) land fort Moskha (Caw), now Moscow (Moskva). |
1089 | King of Ovs (As, Alans) David Soslan's son marries Queen Tamar |
1091 | Kipchaks under Togortak and Maniak are allied with Byzantium under Alexius Comnenus, and together crush Kengeres army. |
1096 | Rabbi Nissim: Seventeen Khazarian communities join nomads (Kengeres, Bulgars, Oguses) |
1099 | Khan Bonyak Cumans defeat Hungarian army of King Coloman Beauclerc at Przemysl |
1099 | Formation of Karachai-Balkarian (Alan) people completed. |
1099 | Tatars are beaten by Kerayit Türks' Khan Torgul, son of Khan Cyriacus(Qurjaquz), son of Marcus(Marguz) Buyiruq |
1099 | Tatars lived since at least 8th cent. on south bank of Kerulen river near Bor Nor to Khingan range. On north bank of Kerulen to Onon river roved neghbouring Mongols. On west bank of Selenga river to Black Irtysh river roved neighboring Naiman Türks. |
1099 | 200,000 Kerayit Türks, Nestorian Christians since 1009, roved neighboring south of Selenga river, on upper Orkhon, to Karakorum. Tatars are confederated as Tokuz Tatars (Nine Tatars) and Otuz Tatars (Thirty Tatars). |
1099 | Tatars are redoubtable warriors and ranked among fiercest of all people. |
1099 | Tatars constitute a serious danger to Sino-Tungustic kingdom of Kin. Kin used early Chingiz Khan to attack Tatars from Northwest. |