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DATELINE
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Time
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Events
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1766 BC
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Eventually recorded Chinese traditions tell of Kia, 17th member of old Chinese Hia
dynasty, dethroned due to evil ways. His son Sunni went with 500 members
of his Hia nationality to Hun relatives. Hia still has many common words
with Altaic languages
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1766 BC
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Oldest
Türkic words are in Chinese annual chronicles noting cultural and political
events. Hun’s (Hsiung-nu) words tanry, kut, byoryu, ordu, tug, kylych etc are
oldest monuments of Türkish language. State rulers endoethnonyms Hun, Türkic
"man, male, people"
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1390 BC
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First elements of Hun state in highlands of Ordos
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1200 BC
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First Hun state in highlands of Ordos
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800 BC
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Sword
myths traditions are all early Anatolian, are also found in Hun and Magyar traditions
and mentioned by Herodotus amongst early Scythians.
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800 BC
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Greeks
associated invention of iron working with northern Messopotamian and
Anatolian Scythian tribes like Kalybs tribe which gave steel its name in many
early European languages. In time Kalybs are absorbed by Sarmatians and
Yazig.
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801 BC
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Kalybs
are absorbed by Sarmatians and Yazig, via Yazig cavalry taken by Romans to
Britain and were foundation of King Arthur myths of Ex-Calibur, and sword
myths which are all early Anatolian traditions
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685 BC
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685
- 643 BC Rule in Tsi of Huan - hun
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679 BC
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679
BC Huan - hun organizes a congress of rulers in Tsi, taking that right from
Chjou
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659 BC
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659
- 621 Rule of Mu-hun in Tsin
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500 BC
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Persepolis inscription text is "Darius Hystapes (522-486) rex popularum bonorum
posui. Hi adorationem igni mihi attulere: Choana, Media, Babilon, Asyria,
Guthrata, Armenia, Cappadocia, Sapardia [Sabir], Hunae."
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318 BC
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First
historical document connected with Huns is Chinese-Hun treaty signed in 318
BC
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300 BC
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In
Chinese sources Alans are one of four Hunnish tribes (Xu-la, Lan, Hiu-bu,
Siu-lin) most favored by kings of Eastern Huns (Mao-dun/Mete and his son
Ki-ok/Kök) of 3rd century B.C.(ToOD 146).
(Türk.
alan field, akin to 'fieldman', 'polyane', 'polovets')
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300 BC
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Hun
state consists of 24 clans, some of them:
Kuyan
(Jack rabbit)
Lan
(Orchard)
Suybu
(West Tribe)
Suylyanti
Tsulin
Taychi
Uyti
Tsetszuy…
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124 BC
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Asi
(Yazig), Pasiani (Budini/Beçen/Peçenek), Tocharian, Sabir (Sabaroi) tribes
break into Sogdiana (Chinese "K'ang-chu") and Baktria (Chinese
"Ta-hsia"). In next five years two Parthian emperor die in wars.
Later Sakauraka tribe is also conquered by them
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40 BC
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Pompey
(Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 106 - 48 BC), Roman general, had to march against
Alans/Asses, crossing the Caspian gates. Nomadic pastoralists Alans lived in
Asia and Europe around Caspian Sea
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36 BC
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Turanian
coins were minted north of Jaxartes (Syr-Darya) river before the Scythian
invasion into Baktria, and a large number of these anonymous coins are
collected in the British museum
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35 BC
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Archaeological
work shows that both Bactria and Sogdia contained large nomadic populations well
in advance of Yu-chi migration
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35AD
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Joseph
Flavius: "Alan people were a Scythian tribe"
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150
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Hou
Han shu: Alans were earlier known as Yancai ("Vast Steppe"). They
have about 100,000 bowmen and same way of life and clothes as the Kangju and
identical with Ta Yüeh-chih. Yancai changed its name to kingdom of Alanliao
with capital Di.
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150
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Hou
Han shu: Alans are a dependency of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and
middle Jaxartes (Syr-Darya) basins). The climate is temperate. Wax trees, pines,
and aconite are plentiful
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225
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Hou
Han shu: Alans were vassals of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and
middle Jaxartes (Syr-Darya) basins). Now they are no longer vassals
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300
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Genealogy:
Gaogüys =>Tele =>15 tribes =>
1
Uange (Uygurs)
2
Seyanto (Sir + Yanto)
3
Kibi
4
Dubo (Tubalar)(Dabo)(Tele)
5
Guligan (Kurykan)(Yakut)
6
Dolange (Telengits)
7
Bugu (Pugu)(Uygurs)
8
Bayegu (Baiyrku)(Uygurs)
9
Tunlo (Tongra)(Uygurs)
10
Hun
11
Sygye (Uygurs)
12
Husye
13 Higye
14
Adye(Eduz)
15
Baysi (Barsil)
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440
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Atilla
has a full control in N. Caucasus. Treaty with Persian Shakh Yazdagar
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692
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Kipchaks
mixed with Besenyos between Black Irtysh and Syr-Darya in Deshtikipchak
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| 700 |
In the south Kypchaks bordered Bechens, who in 8th - beginning of 9th c.
lived in basin of Seyhun and Aral area. Later Kypchaks drifted toward Urals. In
7-12 cc. Kypchak and Kimak culture was identical |
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701
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Amu-Darya
flowed into Caspian sea until 8-th c. ? Climatic change caused relocation of
Oguz Basenyos and Alans or Asses, from lower reaches of Amu-darya (Uzboy)
flowing into Caspian Sea. After Uzboy dried, they migrated to coast of Sea of
Khazars
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750
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Besenyos
(Kengeres/Pecheneg/Kangar) neighboring Uygurs on the west and hostile to them
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800
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Besenyos
live between rivers Emba and Yaik, took control of trading route from Itil to
Khorezm, dealt a hard blow to Khazarian trade, and became their dangerous neighbors
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| 820 |
In the south Kypchaks bordered Bechens, who in 8th - beginning of 9th c.
lived in basin of Seyhun and Aral area. Later Kypchaks drifted toward Urals.. In
7-12 cc. Kypchak and Kimak culture was identical |
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860
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860-880
Allied forces of Khazars and Oguzes displace Besenyos because of threat to
their trading routs. Crossing Itil, they settled instead of Magyars, whom
they displaced, in the vicinity of Don and Kama
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| 870 |
In second half of 9 c. Kimaks began drifting westwards. They
occupied lands of Bechens (Besenyo, Badjinak, Patsinak), whose. nucleus
were tribes of
Kangar (i.e. Kangals, Kangly, Kungurs, Kangars, Kangüys, Kanjüys etc.) political union, in
formation of Bechen tribal
union participated, in addition to purely Türkic tribes, Sarmatian and
Finno-Ugrian tribes. Bechens lived by cattle breeding in a tribal society |
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889
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After
889 Besenyos break through Khazarian border guards and replace Magyars from Levedia
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889
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889-893
Besenyos, displacing Magyars from Atil-Kuzü toward Carpathian mountains,
settle down on plains from Don to western Dniepr
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893
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Besenyos stop their pusuit of Majars at Dniepr, winter near the mouth of the river Buh
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893
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Catastrophically cold winter of 892-893 froze Itil and Don made it possible for Besenyos, whom
the Oguzes attacked, to flee across the frozen rivers into Atelkuzu, although
some of them were stuck east of Yaik river
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894
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Besenyos
allied with Bulgars start a second attack of Majar tribes forcing them to
leave Atilkiji for Transylvania and the Upper Tisza region
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913
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Besenyos, once a part of confederation of W. Khaganate, were driven toward lower
Syr-Darya and Aral Sea by Karluk Türks. They were grazing their herds between
Yaik and Itil rivers
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913
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North of Sea of Azov Besenyos occupied Levedia, taking it from Magyars, and then
drove them from area between Dnepr and Lower Danube - Atelkuzu (Itil-Kiji ?)
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915
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Besenyos
appear before Kiev for first time in force. Kiev Prince Ingvar (Igor) I the
Old signs peace treaty with them establishing a frontier between Don and
Dniestr (? In 915 Kiev was controlled by Olaf (Oleg I the Seer, 882-916 )?)
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920
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Khazars
fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oguzes, Byzantines, Besenyos and Kara
Bolgars
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934
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Besenyos join in Hungarian invasion of Byzantium. Thrace.
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944
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Besenyos join in Kiev Prince Ingvar (Igor) I the Old raid on Byzantium
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948
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Emperor
K.Porphirogenesos (948-952)D’Administrando Imperio: Besenyos consist
of communities:
Ertim
(or Erdem; the leader - Baicha, then - Yavdy),
Chor
(the leader - Kyugel, then - Kuerchi),
Yula
(the leader - Korkutkhan, then - Kabukschin),
Kukhey
(the leader - Ipa, then - Sura),
Karabai (the leader - Karduxm),
Tolmach (the leader - Kortan, then - Boru),
Kapan (the leader - Yazy),
Choban (the leader - Batahan, then - Bula).
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948
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Besenyo communities, three of which (Ertim, Chor and Yula) are ”Kangar”, meaning
“brave”, occupied banks of rivers running into Black Sea:
Choban
(in Don area),
Tolmach (in area of Don flowing into the sea),
Kyulbey
(Donets),
Chor (the east of Dnepr),
Karabai
(between Dnepr and Bug),
Ertin
(Dniestr),
Yula
(Prut),
Kapan
(lower Danube)
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948
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First three Besenyo communities had contacts with Oguzes, Khazars, Alans, and
Crimea;
Yula bordered on “Türkey” (Hungary),
Kapan bordered with Danube Bolgars.
A part of names are Türkic title ranks (Yula, Chor, Kapan = Kapgan, Kul, Bey),
and names of leaders in most cases mean colors: Kuerchi = blue, Kakhushkin =
wood bark, Sulu = ash, Boru = grey, Yazy = swarty, Bula = multi-colored,
Yavdy = brilliant
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950
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Al Mas'udi (died in 956) describes 4 Türkic peoples: Ydjni, Badjkurt (Maskurts,
Masguts, Herodotus (5-th c. BC), Strabo (c.64 BC - A.D. 20), and C. Plinius
Secundus (62-113 AD) Massagetae Scythians), Badjanak (Besenyos), Nukardi)
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960
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Besenyos
live in Moldova (10th cent.-1171)
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964
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Besenyos
seriously threaten Khazaria
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965
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Svyatoslav
possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies
with Oguz (Russ. Torks/Uzes). Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by
removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in
Taman-Kuban area.
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965
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Knyaz Svyatoslav of Kiev seizes Sarkel
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969
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Besenyo Khan Kura captures Kiev
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972
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8
Besenyo tribes, under Khan Kura, of Kipchak stock with Oguz element, freed of
Khazar dominance, defeat Russian prince Svyatoslav and make a drinking cup of
his scull. Besenyos continuous fights with Khazars, Byzantines and Rus
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993
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Rus
defeat Besenyos and found city Pereyaslavl (Russ. “Victory”)
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996
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Besenyo
attack Belogorod
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1026
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Besenyo
invasion of Byzantium is repulsed by Constantine Diogenes
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1036
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Yaroslav's
victory over Besenyos
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1045
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Byzantine-Besenyo
agreement. Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus (1042-1055) accepts part of
Besenyos, led by Kegenes, to settle down in Dobruja, they received land and
three fortresses, as federates, against attacks of other Besenyo tribes, led
by Tyrach
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1045
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Byzantines
call Besenyos and Kumans "Skythicon"
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1050
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Biruni
of Khwarezm: Language of Alans is a compound Khwaresmian and Besenyo-Türkish
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1050
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Before
800, Alans or Asses lived, together with Besenyos, around lower reaches of
the Amu-Darya (Uzboy) flowing into Caspian Sea, and later, after river
changed its course, they migrated to coast of Sea of the Khazars
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1051
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Besenyo
invade Byzantium.
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1060
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Kipchaks
replace Besenyos from N Caucasus steppes. Stan of Kipchak Khans is located on
river Sunj. N Caucasus steppe is an important component of Deshti-Kipchak.
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1064
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Besenyo
invade Byzantium across Thrace to gates of Constantinople
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1065
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600K
Oguzes crossed Danube and devastated Balkans to Thessalonica. Emperor
Constantine X Ducas, and then Besenyos and Bolgars annihilated them. remains
of Oguzes were subjugated, eliminated or assimilated by Kipchaks
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1071
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Besenyo,
in service of Byzantium, desert Emperor Romanus Diogenes V (1067-1071) in
favor of Sultan Alp Arslan.
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1087
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Besenyo
invade Byzantium across Thrace, are driven back, and defeat Alexius Comneus.
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1091
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Kipchaks
under Tugorkhan (?-1096) (Grousset's Togortak) and Bonyak (Grousset's Maniak)
are allied with Byzantium under Alexius Comnenus, and together crushed
Besenyo army at Mount Lebunion
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1096
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Per
Rabbi Nissim, seventeen Khazarian communities join nomads (Besenyo, Bolgars,
Oguses)
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1117
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Kipchaks
under Khan Otrok retreat to N Caucasus steppes. Kipchak Khan Syrchan remains
in Don Steppes. Kipchaks under Khan Otrok on way to N Caucasus destroy
Sarkel. Its inhabitants with Besenyos and Oguz Türks migrate to Russian
principalities
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1121
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Vladimir
Monomakh defeats Berendeys, Oguzes (Torks), and Besenyos. The latter flee
from Rus
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1122
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Kipchak
Khan Bonyak defeats Besenyos at battle of Eski Zagra. Cumans subsequently
occupy their lands
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1123
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Scyths/Besenyos
were really wiped out by Byzantine Emperor John II in 1123
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1171
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Besenyos
lose control of Moldova to Cumans (1171-1241)
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1220
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Gengiz
Khan conquest of Bukhara, Samarkand, Tirmidh and Gurganj. Kangli garrisons
slaughtered
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1237
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Invasion of Asses and Kipchaks in N.W. Caspian and N. Caucasus. Leading Kipchak
warrior Bachman killed, Khan Kotyan retreat beyond Tanais. Batu starts
encircling maneuver going through Burtases, Erzya Moksha, and Rus
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1239
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Assimilation of Alania into Ulus Juchi
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1250
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In 13th century number of Besenyo communities grew to 13, and among names were
Aba, Balchar, Bator, Bychkyly, Eke, Ilbeg, Kure, Karaja, Temir, Teber, Sol.
Besenyo fortresses are named: Salma, Saga, Kerbak. From these words it is clear
that Besenyo language most of all resembled Türkic Kipchak dialect
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