Classification of Türkic languages
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Preface
It must be given that all languages are a result of amalgamation, there is no self-contained language on this Earth with a theoretical exception of some island locations completely isolated from the rest of the humanity. The amalgamation is corroborated by the Y-DNA composites describing any modern monolingual ethnicity or nation-state. This indisputable fact invalidates any mythological “proto-language” constructs of the “PIE” or Biblical type. Rather, a diverse myriad of tiny linguistic communities kept amalgamating with time into ever growing and shrinking societies till they reached a pinnacle of multi-lingual nation-states.
If human languages appeared 30,000 years ago,
English people first were speaking in foreign tongues for 29,000 years
before English was pieced together
http://www.danshort.com/ie/grafx/timeline.gif
Numerous other Türkic languages with documented or recoverable lexical elements and identified ethnicities were neither perused nor included in the listing: Abdaly/Ephthalite, Alan/As/Yazır/Masgut, Avar/Avshar, Bayad, Bayundur, Beğdilli, Büğdüz, Chepni, Chunkar, Bosnyak/Pecheneg, Dodurga, Düger/Digor/Tuhsi/Tokhar/Tochar, Ekrad, Eymür, İğdir, Karkın, Kimak, Hunnic, Kayi, Kangar, Sabir, Salur, Scythian, Uisyn/Usuns, Varsak, Yaparlı, Yıva, Yörük, Yüreğir, and probably some more.
Where readily available, the listing adds the phylum of the ancestor language, i.e. Lobnor Uigur Karluk-Horezm is the “Lobnor” language of the Uigur branch of the Karluk branch also called Horezm branch. There is plenty of confusion with the naming, mostly associated with the location where an expedition run their studies. This is a confusing and sad practice, in conflict with the accepted scientific norms that anchor the name to the autonym of the ethnicity. Literal translations, like an alien Lebedin (Лебединский, Russian for “swan's”) instead of the native Kuu (swan) further obfuscate the subject. In most cases, such homemade confusion is not warranted at all. Historically, the tribal alliances went by the name of the leading ethnos (super-ethnos), and that name (i.e. Oguz, Türk, Kangar, Tele etc.) covered all subethnoses, and that defined the names of the constituent languages including the lingua franca (usually, a Sprachbund). Some languages, like the Altaians, coalesced from a diverse collection of immigrant languages. In a couple of the last centuries, they formed their own informal Sprachbunds finally formalized by the new Soviet power into a new Altaian Esperantos administratively imposed on the entire still diverse populace, at the expense of the local vernaculars. The cultural slaughter in the Altai was criminal, children were forbidden to use their mother tongue.
The subject of the 8-volume etymological compendium was to trace development from the base roots to the formed Türkic languages. To review the etymology of the 85 listed Türkic languages, the scientific team had to turn to the whooping 204 languages, from Avesta to Japanese. That demonstrates the extent of amalgamation, the reach of the words across linguistic families, and the Türkic contribution to the Eurasian languages.
The complete original listing in Russian is shown following the translated citation in English.
| TÜRKIC LANGUAGES | |
| 1 | Aksu Uigur |
| 2 | Altai |
| 3 | Azeri |
| 4 | Balkar |
| 5 | Baraba |
| 6 | Bashkir |
| 7 | Bosnian |
| 8 | Bukhara |
| 9 | Bulgarian |
| 10 | Chagatai Karluk |
| 11 | Chulym (Lower Chulym) |
| 12 | Chulym Middle Age |
| 13 | Chuvash |
| 14 | Crimean Tatar |
| 15 | Danube-Bulgarian |
| 16 | Eushta (Yaushta, Gayshta, Hayshta, Tomsk Turks, Hanty, Kipchaks) |
| 17 | Gagauz |
| 18 | Halaj (Alat) |
| 19 | Hittite |
| 20 | Hotan Uygur |
| 21 | Kaczyn Khakass |
| 22 | Karachay |
| 23 | Karachay-Balkar |
| 24 | Karaim |
| 25 | Karaite Crimean |
| 26 | Karaite Galician |
| 27 | Karakalpak |
| 28 | Karakirgiz |
| 29 | Kasimov |
| 30 | Kazakh |
| 31 | Kazan Tatar |
| 32 | Kek-Moncha |
| 33 | Keri Khotan Uigur |
| 34 | Khakass |
| 35 | Khazar (Qazar, Chulym) |
| 36 | Khorasan Turkic |
| 37 | Khorezm |
| 38 | Koibal Khakass |
| 39 | Kokand Uzbek |
| 40 | Kondak |
| 41 | Kondom Shor Khakas |
| 42 | Kucha Uygur |
| 43 | Kuer (Küerik, Kuarik) Khazar (Chulym) |
| 44 | Kuman |
| 45 | Kumandin Altai |
| 46 | Kumyk |
| 47 | Kurdak Turkic |
| 48 | Kuu (Chelkandy, Lebedinsky) Tuvinian |
| 49 | Kypchak |
| 50 | Kyrgyz |
| 51 | Kyzyl Khakass |
| 52 | Lobnor Uigur Karluk-Khorezm |
| 53 | Mishar Tatar |
| 54 | Nogai |
| 55 | Ottoman |
| 56 | Sagai Khakass |
| 57 | Sakha (Yakut) |
| 58 | Salar |
| 59 | Salbin |
| 60 | Saryg-Yugur |
| 61 | Seljuk |
| 62 | Shor |
| 63 | Simbirsk Mishar |
| 64 | Soyon Tuvinian |
| 65 | Soyot Tuvinian |
| 66 | Taranchi (Kuldjin, Tarim) Uigur |
| 67 | Tatar |
| 68 | Telengit Tele |
| 69 | Teleut Tele |
| 70 | Tobol Kypchak |
| 71 | Todji (Todzhi) Tuvinian |
| 72 | Tofalar Tuvinian |
| 73 | Trakai Karaite |
| 74 | Turfan Uygur |
| 75 | Turkic Middle Age ("Divan" Mahmud Kashgari) |
| 76 | Turkic Old (Middle Age) |
| 77 | Turkish |
| 78 | Turkmen |
| 79 | Tuva (Tuvinian) |
| 80 | Tyumen Tatar |
| 81 | Uigur |
| 82 | Uygur Old (Middle Age) |
| 83 | Uzbek |
| 84 | Uzbek Middle Age |
| 85 | Yenisei-Orkhon |
| Complete listing of the Russian original (193 Vol. 1 + 11 Vol. 4) total 204 entries |
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